JP4308232B2 - ガス発生剤として用いる金属錯体 - Google Patents
ガス発生剤として用いる金属錯体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4308232B2 JP4308232B2 JP2006222392A JP2006222392A JP4308232B2 JP 4308232 B2 JP4308232 B2 JP 4308232B2 JP 2006222392 A JP2006222392 A JP 2006222392A JP 2006222392 A JP2006222392 A JP 2006222392A JP 4308232 B2 JP4308232 B2 JP 4308232B2
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- metal
- ammine
- complex
- water vapor
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B41/00—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Description
本発明は、燃焼してガスを発生する能力のある、遷移金属またはアルカリ土類金属の錯体に関する。さらに特定すれば、本発明は、迅速に酸化されて、有意量の気体、特に、水蒸気と窒素を生成する錯体を提供することに関する。
ガス発生化学組成物は、多くの異なる方面で有用である。かかる組成物の重要な用途の一つは、“エアバッグ”の作動である。エアバッグは、殆どではないにしても、多くの新しい自動車が、このような装置を装備している事から認められて来ている。事実、多くの新しい自動車は、その運転者と乗員を保護するために複数のエアバッグを装備している。
本発明の要約および目的
本発明は、ガス発生組成物としての、遷移金属またはアルカリ土類金属の錯体の利用に関する。これらの錯体は、カチオン性の金属テンプレート(template)その錯体の電荷と均衡するのに十分な酸化性アニオン、および水素と窒素を含む中性の配位子を含んでなる。場合によっては、その酸化性アニオンは、金属テンプレートに配位している。この錯体は、それが燃焼した時、窒素ガスと水蒸気を生成するように調合されている。重要な点は、他の望ましくないガスの生成が実質的に排除されることである。
本発明の錯体の幾つかは、燃焼して、化学量論的に、金属または金属酸化物、窒素および水になる:即ち、気体を生成させるために、この錯体を任意の他の材料と反応させる必要はない。しかし、他の場合には、十分燃焼させ、そして、ガスを生成させるために、さらなる酸化剤または、燃料を添加するのが望ましい。これらの材料は、必要に応じて、酸化に有効な量、若しくは、燃料としての有効量加えられる。
上で考察したように、本発明は、ガス発生組成物としての、遷移金属、若しくはアルカリ土類金属の錯体の利用に関する。これらの錯体は、カチオン性の金属テンプレート、その錯体の電荷に均衡するのに十分な酸化性アニオン、および水素と窒素を含む中性の配位子を含んでなる。場合によっては、その酸化性アニオンは、金属テンプレートに配位している。この錯体は、それが燃焼した時、窒素ガスと水蒸気を生成するように調合されている。この燃焼は、かかる材料に、自動車用エアバッグおよび、その他の類似の装置でのガス発生組成物として使用するための資格を付与するのに十分な速度で進む。重要な点は、他の望ましくないガスの生成が実質的に排除されることである。
2NaNO2+(NH4)2SO4 → Na2SO4+4H2O+2N2
亜硝酸ナトリウムと硫酸アンモニウムの組合せのような組成物は、ガス生成物質としての有用性は殆どない。これらの材料は、複分解反応を起して、不安定な亜硝酸アンモニウムを生成することが観測されている。さらに、大半の簡単な亜硝酸塩は、安定性が限られている。
Cu(NH3)2(NO2)2 → CuO+3H2O+2N2
2Co(NH3)3(NO2)3 → 2CoO+9H2O+6N2+1/2O2
2Cr(NH3)3(NO2)3 → Cr2O3+9H2O+6N2
2B+3Co(NH3)6Co(NO2)6 →
3CoO+B2O3+27H2O+18N2
Mg+Co(NH3)4(NO2)2Co(NH3)2(NO2)4 →
2Co+MgO+9H2O+6N2
5[Co(NH3)4(NO2)2](NO2)+Sr(NO3)2 →
5CoO+SrO+18N2+30H2O
4[Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]NO2+2[Co(NH3)2(NO3)3]
→ 6CoO+36H2O+21N2
本発明の範囲に入るヒドラジン錯体、および関連する気体発生反応の例は、以下の通りである:
5Zn(N2H4)(NO3)2+Sr(NO3)2 →
5ZnO+20N2+30H2O+SrO
Co(N2H4)3(NO3)2 → Co+3N2+6H2O
3Mg(N2H4)2(ClO4)2+Si3N4 →
3SiO2+3MgCl2+10N2+12H2O
2Mg(N2H4)2(Ng3)2+2[Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]NO2
→ 2MgO+2CoO+13N2+20H2O
Pt(NO2)2(NH2NH2)2 → Pt+3N2+4H2O
本発明の錯体は比較的安定である一方で、燃焼反応を開始するのも簡単である。例えば、この錯体を電熱線と接触させると、迅速な気体生成燃焼反応が観測される。同様に、常用の点火装置を用いて反応を開始することも可能である。点火装置の一つのタイプは、一定量のBKNO3ペレットを含み、それは、点火され、そして、一方で、本発明の組成物に点火する能力を有する。
Co(NH3)4(NO2)2X(式中、Xは、一価のアニオン)
NH4Co(NH3)2(NO2)4
である。
Co(NH3)6(NO3)3
Cu(NH3)4(NO3)2
[Co(NH3)5(NO3)](NO3)2
[Co(NH3)5(NO2)](NO3)2
[Co(NH3)5(H2O)](NO3)2
である。
[Co(NH3)6](ClO4)3
[Co(NH3)5(NO2)]ClO4
[Mg(N2H4)2](ClO4)2
である。
実施例
本発明は、以下の非限定実施例中で、さらに説明される。特に言及しない限り、組成は、重量パーセントで表される。明細書で使用される、1ポンドは、453.593グラムに等しく、1インチは、0.0254メートルに等しい。
2Co(NH3)3(NO2)3とCo(NH3)4(NO2)2Co(NH3)2(NO2)4の混合物を調製し、約0.504インチの直径を有するペレットに加圧成形した。この錯体は、上に引用して確認した、Hagel達の教示した方法の範囲内で製造された。このペレットを、試験用ボンベの中に入れ、窒素ガスで1,000psi(ポンド/平方インチ)に加圧した。
H2O 57.9
N2 38.6
O2 3.1
実施例2
実施例1の方法に従って、一定量の2Co(NH3)3(NO2)3を調製し、示差走査熱量測定計を用いて試験した。この錯体は、200℃で激しく発熱することが観測された。
Co(NH3)3(NO2)3について理論計算を行った。この計算は、火炎温度が、約2,000°Kで、ガスの生成量が、当容量の発生組成物を基に、常用のアジ化ナトリウム・ガス発生組成物の約1.75倍[“性能比”(“performance ratio”)であることを示した。
表1に示した、[Co(NO3)6](ClO4)3とCaH2の反応について理論計算を行い、混成ガス発生装置でのその利用を評価した。この配合物を、その重量の6.80倍のアルゴンガス中で燃焼させた場合、その火炎温度は、100%効率的な熱の伝達を仮定すると、2577℃から1085℃に低下する。生成ガスは、86.8容量%のアルゴン、1600容量ppm(100万部当たりの部)塩化水素、10.2容量%の水、および2.9容量%の窒素、から成る。スラグの総重量は、6.2重量%であろう。
要約すると、本発明は、常用されているアジ化物系ガス発生剤組成物の制約の幾つかを克服したガス発生材料を提供する。本発明の錯体は、水蒸気、酸素、および窒素を含む無毒性のガス状生成物を生成する。これら錯体の幾つかは、金属若しくは金属酸化物、および窒素と水蒸気に化学量論的に分解することも可能である。従って、その反応を起こすために他の化学種は、必要でない。そして、反応温度と燃焼速度は、許容範囲内にある。
Claims (18)
- 金属亜硝酸塩アンミン、金属硝酸塩アンミン、金属過塩素酸塩アンミン、および金属ヒドラジンより成る群から選ばれる錯体を含んでなり、この錯体の燃焼によって水蒸気と窒素ガスを含んで成るガスの混合物が生成する、ガス発生組成物。
- 該錯体が燃焼して、化学量論的に金属若しくは金属酸化物、窒素および水蒸気になる、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 該ガス混合物が水蒸気と窒素ガスを含んでなる、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 該ガス混合物が二酸化炭素ガスおよび一酸化炭素ガスを実質的に含んでいない、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 該金属がコバルトである、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 該金属がマグネシウム、マンガン、ニッケル、バナジウム、銅、クロムおよび亜鉛よりなる群から選ばれる、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 該金属がロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウム、および白金より成る群から選ばれる、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 燃焼により過剰の燃料が生成し、そして該組成物が酸化剤として有効な量の酸化剤をさらに含んでいる、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 該酸化剤が硝酸塩、亜硝酸塩、塩素酸塩、過塩素酸塩、過酸化物および金属酸化物より成る群から選ばれる、請求項8に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 燃焼により過剰の酸化性種が生成し、そして該組成物が燃料として有効な量の燃料をさらに含んでいる、請求項1に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 該燃料が硼素、アルミニウム、硼素若しくはアルミニウムの水素化物、およびけい素より成る群から選ばれる、請求項10に記載のガス発生組成物。
- 金属亜硝酸塩アンミン、金属硝酸塩アンミン、金属過塩素酸塩アンミン、金属亜硝酸塩ヒドラジン、金属硝酸塩ヒドラジン、金属過塩素酸塩ヒドラジンおよびそれらの混合物より成る群から選ばれる錯体を燃焼する工程を含んでなり、この錯体の燃焼によって水蒸気と窒素ガスを含んでなるガスの混合物が生成する、エアバッグを膨張させる方法。
- 該錯体が燃焼して化学量論的に金属若しくは金属酸化物、窒素および水蒸気になる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 該ガス混合物が水蒸気と窒素ガスを含んでなる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 該ガス混合物が実質的に二酸化炭素と一酸化炭素ガスを含まない、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 金属亜硝酸塩アンミン、金属硝酸塩アンミン、金属過塩素酸塩アンミン、及び金属ヒドラジンよりなる群から選ばれる錯体を含んでなるガス発生組成物であって、水蒸気と窒素ガスを含んでなるガスの混合物が該錯体の燃焼によって生成する;および
該ガス発生組成物の燃焼を開始するための手段
を含んでなるガス発生装置。 - しぼませてある、膨張し得るエアバッグ;
該エアバッグを膨らませるために該エアバッグに連結されているガス発生装置であって、該ガス発生装置が、金属亜硝酸塩アンミン、金属硝酸塩アンミン、金属過塩素酸塩アンミン、及び金属ヒドラジンよりなる群から選ばれる錯体を含んでなるガス発生組成物を含有し、水蒸気及び窒素ガスを含んでなるガスの混合物が、該錯体の燃焼によって生成する;および、
ガス発生組成物を点火するための手段
を含んでなる自動車用エアバッグシステム。 - 次の:
しぼませてある、膨張し得るエアバッグ;
該エアバッグを膨らませるために該エアバッグに連結されているガス発生装置であって、該ガス発生装置が金属亜硝酸塩アンミン、金属硝酸塩アンミン、金属過塩素酸塩アンミン、及び金属ヒドラジンよりなる群から選ばれる錯体を含んでなるガス発生組成物を含有し、水蒸気と窒素ガスを含んでなるガスの混合物が該錯体の燃焼によって生成する;および
該ガス発生組成物を点火するための手段
を含んでなる、エアバッグシステムを有する、補助束縛システムを含んでいる乗物。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18445694A | 1994-01-19 | 1994-01-19 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51956895A Division JP4109317B2 (ja) | 1994-01-19 | 1995-01-04 | ガス発生剤として用いる金属錯体 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007031277A JP2007031277A (ja) | 2007-02-08 |
| JP4308232B2 true JP4308232B2 (ja) | 2009-08-05 |
Family
ID=22676935
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51956895A Expired - Lifetime JP4109317B2 (ja) | 1994-01-19 | 1995-01-04 | ガス発生剤として用いる金属錯体 |
| JP2006222392A Expired - Lifetime JP4308232B2 (ja) | 1994-01-19 | 2006-08-17 | ガス発生剤として用いる金属錯体 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51956895A Expired - Lifetime JP4109317B2 (ja) | 1994-01-19 | 1995-01-04 | ガス発生剤として用いる金属錯体 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5673935A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0740645B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP4109317B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100361250B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU1597195A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2181543C (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2393665T3 (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX9602906A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1995019944A1 (ja) |
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- 1995-01-04 EP EP95907968A patent/EP0740645B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-04 AU AU15971/95A patent/AU1597195A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-04 CA CA002181543A patent/CA2181543C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-04 KR KR1019960703896A patent/KR100361250B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-04 WO PCT/US1995/000029 patent/WO1995019944A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-01-04 ES ES95907968T patent/ES2393665T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-04 JP JP51956895A patent/JP4109317B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-04 MX MX9602906A patent/MX9602906A/es unknown
- 1995-06-07 US US08/484,142 patent/US5673935A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-02-09 US US08/599,634 patent/US5592812A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-08-17 JP JP2006222392A patent/JP4308232B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4109317B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
| CA2181543C (en) | 1999-04-20 |
| EP0740645B1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
| WO1995019944A1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
| US5592812A (en) | 1997-01-14 |
| JP2007031277A (ja) | 2007-02-08 |
| EP0740645A1 (en) | 1996-11-06 |
| KR100361250B1 (ko) | 2003-02-11 |
| US5673935A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
| JPH09508095A (ja) | 1997-08-19 |
| ES2393665T3 (es) | 2012-12-27 |
| AU1597195A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
| CA2181543A1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
| EP0740645A4 (en) | 2000-02-23 |
| MX9602906A (es) | 1997-06-28 |
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