JP4294676B2 - Mpeg情報信号変換システム - Google Patents
Mpeg情報信号変換システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4294676B2 JP4294676B2 JP2006289310A JP2006289310A JP4294676B2 JP 4294676 B2 JP4294676 B2 JP 4294676B2 JP 2006289310 A JP2006289310 A JP 2006289310A JP 2006289310 A JP2006289310 A JP 2006289310A JP 4294676 B2 JP4294676 B2 JP 4294676B2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G11B27/309—Table of contents
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Description
1.パケット中のプログラムクロック基準(PCR)がOKである。PCRは、代表的には、伝送エンコーダ中のローカルクロックのサンプルの33ビット値である。PCRは、デコーダ中で、ローカルクロックがエンコーダローカルクロックに同期され得るように、クロック回復用に使用される。
2.ネットワークにより各PCRに対して累積した変化を、MPEGによって特定された制限内で保持する必要がある。
3.デコーダ移送バッファはオーバーフローしない。
(a)(各移送パケット中で共同した)各PCRのタイミングジッタを、許容しうる制限範囲内で保持する必要がある。
(b)ネットワークを介した各PCRに対する累積した変化を、MPEGによって特定した制限範囲内で保持する必要がある。
(c)発生した移送ストリームが、各基本ストリームデコーダの移送バッファをオーバーフローしないようにする必要がある。
1.入来する移送ストリームは十分小さいタイミングジッタを有する。したがって、要件(a)を、適切なローカルクロックを用いてPCRを再スタンプすることにより簡単に適合させることができる。
2.入来する移送ストリームはPCR変化に対して十分なヘッド空間を有する。したがって、要件(b)を、以下説明するリマルチプレクサ処理構成により適合させることができる。「ヘッド空間」は、MPEG基準により規定したような制限の使用されない部分を意味する。
1.入力移送ストリーム中の必要なプログラムの全体の正味の速度は、出力移送ストリーム速度(リマルチプレクサ速度)より遅くなる必要がある。
2.しかしながら、入力移送ストリーム速度は、未知で、バーストで、及び/又は、任意の速度、より速い又はより遅い速度であってもよい。
3.リマルチプレクサ速度は、既知で、固定され、かつ、一定である。
1.必要なパケットを、フィルタ又はセレクタ40により入来移送ストリームから選択する。
2.PCRを含むパケットに、ローカルクロック39のサンプル値をタグ付けする(41)。
3.各パケットを、パケットがパケット記憶装置44に対して読み出されるまでローカルバッファ42に記憶し及び保持される。
4.パケット記憶装置44が空であるとともにバッファ42に少なくとも一つのパケットが存在するときには常に、バッファ42の最初のパケットを読み出し、かつ、それをパケット記憶装置44に移動させる。同時に、パケットの必要な情報がスケジューラ45に送りだされる。
5.スケジューラ45は、パケット記憶装置44のパケットの出力が、対応する基本ストリームデコーダ85の移送バッファ87をオーバーフローするか否か検査し、かつ、その出力の信号をMUX47に送信する。
6.パケット記憶装置44がパケットを有し、かつ、デコーダ移送バッファがOKである信号をスケジューラ45が送信する場合、MUX47は、パケット記憶装置44中の移送パケットを選択し及び読み出す。そうでない場合、MUX47はヌルパケット発生器49からヌルパケットを選択し及び出力する。パケット記憶装置44中のパケットは、それが読み出されるまでそこに存在したままである。
7.MUXから伝送された移送パケット中の各PCR値は、以下の式を用いるPCR再スタンパ50で修正される。
PCRnew=PCRold+(Clockcurrent-Clocktagged)-Delaymax (1)
ここで、
PCRnew:再スタンピング後の新PCR
PCRold:再スタンピング前の旧PCR
Clockcurrent:出力時間再スタンピング50における現在のクロック値
Clocktagged:パケットの受信時にタグ付け41されたクロック値
Delaymax:各PCR値が絶対に増加しないようにする一定値のリマルチプレクサ動作による最大遅延
とする。
1.入力移送ストリーム中に保持された情報から、移送バッファ(図5における85〜88)を空にする速度すなわちの各基本ストリームの読出し速度を得ることができること。例えば、移送バッファ読出し速度を、グランド協定(Grand Alliance)HDビデオ規格に対して54Mbpsとし、SDビデオに対して18Mbpsとし、音声に対して2Mbps、等々とする。リマルチプレクサ速度が移送バッファ読出し速度より遅い場合、移送バッファをモニタする必要がないことがわかる。その理由は、移送バッファが絶対にオーバーフローしないからである。したがって、モニタを必要とする移送バッファの数を減少させることができる。移送バッファのモニタを、以下のアプローチを用いて更に簡単にすることができる。
1.各移送バッファのバッファ充填率を、各受信したパケットの最初からパケットの最後まで単調に増大させることができる。したがって、バッファの充填率を各パケットの最後のみで検査するだけでよい。
2.リマルチプレクサは、それ自体の出力移送速度(リマルチプレクサ速度)及び各基本ストリームに対する移送バッファ読出し速度を既知である。したがって、リマルチプレクサは、以下の式を用いると、パケットを移送バッファに送信し又は送信しないことにより移送バッファのバッファ充填率がどの程度であるかを知ることができる。
Leak=Rleak・Tpacket (2)
Delta=Spacket-Leak (3)
ここで、
Leak:移送バッファがパケットを受信しない際の1パケット周期ごとの移送バッファ充填率の変化
Rleak:移送バッファ読出し速度
Tpacket:パケット周期、すなわちSpacket/Rremux
Spacket:パケットサイズ
Rremux:リマルチプレクサ速度
Delta:移送バッファが1パケットを受信する際の1周期ごとの移送バッファ充填率の変化
とする。
Rate leak Leak Delta
ビット(バイト) ビット(バイト)
SD 18Mbps 1,082(135) 422(53)
音声 1 Mbps 61(8) 1,443(180)
その他≧Rremux Mbps NA又は0 NA又は0
(Spacket=188バイト,Rremux=25Mbps)
移送バッファ読出し速度が既知であるとともに移送バッファのモニタを必要とする他のデータタイプが存在する場合、この表を拡大することができる。
3.上記結果を用いると、各移送バッファのバッファ充填率を以下の式を用いて計算することができる。
Bprev=Blast(i)-Leak(i)(Ccurrent-Clast(i)-1) (4)
ここで、
i:現行パケットが属する基本ストリームの索引
Bprev:現行パケットを受信する直前のi番目の基本ストリームの移送バッファ充填率
Blast(i):移送バッファが最終パケットの受信を終了した際のi番目の基本ストリームの移送バッファ充填率
Leak(i):1パケット周期ごとのi番目の基本ストリームの移送バッファ読出し速度Ccurrent:現行パケットに対する出力パケットカウンタの値
Clast(i):i番目の基本ストリームの最終パケットに対する出力パケットカウンタの値
とする。
Bprev<0の場合、Bprev=0 (5)
Bcurrent=Bprev+Delta(i) (6)
ここで、
Bcurrent:移送バッファが現行パケットの受信を終了した際のi番目の基本ストリームの移送バッファ充填率
Delta(i):1パケットを受信することによるi番目の基本ストリームの移送バッファ充填率の変化
とする。
ステップ1.各間隔Tpacket 毎に、パケット全体がパケット記憶装置44に存在するか否か検査する。パケット(現行パケット)が存在する場合、ステップ2に進み、それ以外の場合にはステップ5に進む。
ステップ2.現行パケットが属するi番目の基本ストリームの移送バッファ読出し速度が最初に得られる場合、式(2)及び式(3)を用いてLeak(i)及びDelta(i)をそれぞれ計算し、以下のように移送バッファのモニタに対するパラメータを初期化して、ステップ3に進む。
Blast(i)=0 (7)
Clast(i)=Ccurrent (8)
ステップ3.式(4)、式(5)及び式(6)を用いて現行パケットに相当するBcurrentを計算し、ステップ4に進む。
ステップ4.Bcurrentが移送バッファサイズ以下の場合、現行パケットを出力するとともに以下のようにしてパラメータを更新して、ステップ6に進む。それ以外の場合にはステップ5に進む。
Blast(i)=Bcurrent (9)
Clast(i)=Ccurrent (10)
ステップ5.ヌルパケットを出力してステップ6に進む。
ステップ6.出力パケットカウンタを以下のように増分してステップ1に進む。
Ccurrent=Ccurrent+1 (11)
1.必要なパケットをフィルタ40によって選択する。
2.PCRを含むパケットを、ローカルクロック39を用いてタグ付け41をする。
3.各パケットを記憶し、それが読み出されるまでローカルバッファA42に保持する。
4.パケット記憶装置44が空であるとともに少なくとも一つのパケットがバッファA42に存在する場合常に、バッファA42中の最初のパケットを読み出すとともにパケット記憶装置44に移動させる。同時に、パケットの必要な情報をスケジューラ45に送信する。
5.スケジューラ45は、パケット記憶装置44のパケットの出力が対応する基本ストリームの目標移送バッファすなわち目標デコーダをオーバーフローしたか否か検査し、既に説明したように、その信号をMUX62に送信する。
6.パケット記憶装置44がパケットを有し、かつ、目標移送バッファがオーバーフローすることなく前記移送パケットを送り出す準備が出来ているという信号をスケジューラ45が発信する場合、パケット記憶装置44のパケットが読み出される。パケット記憶装置44のパケットは、それが読み出されるまでそのままである。
7.PCRを含む各パケットに、式(1)を用いてそのPCR値を再スタンプする(50)。
8.各パケットに、スケジューリングが原因で不連続を有するおそれがあるそのパケットシーケンス番号をタグ付けする(60)。
9.各パケットを記憶するとともに、それが読み出されるまでローカルバッファB61に保持する。
10.バッファB61から読み出されたパケットをトリックモードパケット16及び必要な場合にはトリックモード記憶構成に基づくヌルパケット49を用いてマルチプレクサ処理62する。
1.必要なパケットをフィルタ65によって選択する。
2.各パケットを記憶し、読み出されるまでローカルバッファC66にそれを保持する。
3.パケット記憶装置67が空になると常に、パケットがバッファC66から読み出されるとともにそれをパケット記憶装置67に移動させる。各パケットのパケットシーケンス番号タグをスケジューラ68に送信する。
4.スケジューラ68は、パケットシーケンス番号が(図示しない、すなわちスケジューラに組み込まれた)内部のパケットカウンタに整合するか否か検査し、両方が整合する場合OKの信号を送信する。
5.スケジューラ68がOK信号を送信する場合、MUX69がパケット記憶装置67のパケットを選択し及び読み出す。それ以外の場合には、MUX69はヌルパケットを選択し及び送り出す。各パケットを出力移送速度で送り出す。このようにして、図7は、図6のリマルチプレクサ構成を、DVCRに記録するとともにそれから再生しうるのに必要な素子に結合する。
(1)欧州特許明細書第492.704号(PHN13.546)
(2)欧州特許明細書第93.202.950号(PHN14.241)
(3)欧州特許明細書第93.201.263号(PHN14.449)
(4)1994年2月22日の草案文書であるGrandAllianceHDTVシステムの明細書
(5)米国特許明細書第5.142.421号(PHN13.537)
Claims (6)
- 速度が変化し得る移送速度の移送パケット又は流れがバースト性である未知の移送速度の移送パケットの第1移送ストリームであって、データのタイミングの精度が必要であるような有効なタイミング−クリティカル−情報を表す複数ビットを含むPCRを有する移送パケットの第1移送ストリームを、既知の一定速度の移送パケットの第2移送ストリームであって、データのタイミングの精度が必要であるような有効なタイミング−クリティカル−情報を表す複数ビットを含むPCRを有する移送パケットの第2移送ストリームを形成するように、処理する移送ストリーム処理方法において、
(i)ローカルクロックからクロック時間を発生させるステップと、
(ii)前記第1移送ストリームの各移送パケットのPCRのビットが受信された際の前記クロック時間をサンプリングするとともに各移送パケットに対するサンプリングされた前記クロック時間を記憶するステップと、
(iii)下流のバッファのオーバーフローを回避するために、前記移送パケットを遅延させ、遅延させた移送パケットを生成するステップと、
(iv)前記下流のバッファがオーバーフローすることなく前記移送パケットを送り出す準備がスケジューラによりされると、前記ローカルクロックからのクロック時間を再サンプリングし、前記遅延された移送パケットのPCRを、記憶された前記サンプリングされたクロック時間及び再サンプリングされたクロック時間の差に基づいた新サンプル時間で更新し、更新されたPCRを生成するステップと、
(v)前記第2移送ストリームを形成するために、前記更新されたPCRを有する前記移送パケットを前記下流のバッファへ供給するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする移送ストリーム処理方法。 - データのタイミングの精度が必要であるようなタイミング−クリティカルデータであって、プログラムクロック基準(PCR)を含むタイミング−クリティカルデータを、非同期チャネルを介して、所定の読出し速度を有する目標バッファを含む下流の装置に伝送する、タイミング−クリティカルデータ伝送方法において、
(i)連続する移送パケットのストリームに細分されたタイミング−クリティカルデータを受信するステップと、
(ii)前記移送パケットのそれぞれの受信された時間を到達時間として決定するステップと、
(iii)前記移送パケットを一時的に記憶するステップと、
(iv)前記目標バッファのオーバーフローを回避するために個々の移送パケットを前記下流の装置に伝送することができる伝送可能時間を計算するステップと、
(v)前記伝送可能時間のうちから前記移送パケットのそれぞれの前記出発時間を計算するとともに前記PCRを前記到達時間及び前記出発時間の差に応じて修正するステップと、
(vi)前記ステップ(iv)の前記伝送可能時間の計算に応じて前記移送パケットを前記下流の装置に伝送するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするタイミング−クリティカルデータ伝送方法。 - 伝送される前記移送パケットの前記PCRを、前記到達時間及び前記出発時間の差に応じた新PCRで、伝送前に置換するステップを更に含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のタイミング−クリティカルデータ伝送方法。
- (1)所望の移送パケットをフィルタにより前記連続する移送パケットの移送ストリームから選択するステップと、
(2)選択した前記移送パケットに対して、ローカルクロックからサンプリングした前記到達時間を付加するステップと、
(3)選択した前記移送パケットを、ローカルバッファを介してパケット記憶装置に記憶するステップと、
(4)前記パケット記憶装置が空であるとともに前記ローカルバッファに少なくとも一つの移送パケットが存在するときには常に、前記ローカルバッファ中の最初の移送パケットを読み出し、その後これを前記パケット記憶装置に移動させると同時に前記移送パケットに関する情報をスケジューラに送信するステップと、
(5)前記パケット記憶装置中の移送パケットの出力が前記下流の装置の前記目標バッファをオーバーフローさせるか否かを前記スケジューラ中で算出し、その信号をMUXに送信するステップと、
(6)前記パケット記憶装置が移送パケットを有するとともに、前記パケット記憶装置から送り出された移送パケットを前記目標バッファが受け取ってもオーバーフローすることなく前記パケット記憶装置が前記移送パケットを送り出す準備が出来ているという信号を、前記スケジューラが送信する場合、前記MUXは前記パケット記憶装置中の前記移送パケットを読み出して前記下流の装置へ出力し、それ以外の場合、前記MUXはヌルパケット発生器からヌルパケットを選択し前記下流の装置へ出力するステップと、
(7)前記MUXによって伝送される前記移送パケットのPCRを、以下の式
PCRnew=PCRold+(Clockcurrent-Clocktagged)-Delaymax (1)
ここで、
PCRnew:PCR置換後の新PCR値。
PCRold:PCR置換前の旧PCR値。
Clockcurrent:PCR置換時の現行クロック値、すなわち前記出発時間。
Clocktagged:パケットの受信の際に付加されたクロック値、すなわち前記到達時間。
Delaymax:PCR置換による最大遅延であり、これは、各PCR値が絶対増加しないようにする一定値である。
を用いてPCR置換手段で修正するステップと、
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のタイミング−クリティカルデータ伝送方法。 - 前記スケジューラは、前記目標バッファの読出し速度を知り、前記MUXから前記下流の装置への移送パケットの伝送の出力移送速度での前記下流の装置の目標バッファの充填率を算出し、かつ、この算出が前記目標バッファのオーバーフローを表す場合に、前記MUXから前記下流の装置への任意の移送パケットの伝送を遅延させるとともに前記MUXが前記ヌルパケットを前記下流の装置の目標バッファへ出力するように動作することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のタイミング−クリティカルデータ伝送方法。
- (8)到達シーケンス(SOA)タグを、前記修正されたPCRを有する移送パケットに付加するステップと、
(9)前記到達シーケンス(SOA)タグを付加された移送パケットを、この移送パケットを記録するレコーダに伝送するステップと、
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のタイミング−クリティカルデータ伝送方法。
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EP0727126A1 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
US5566174A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
EP0921690A2 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
EP0921690A3 (en) | 1999-07-14 |
ATE315877T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
JPH09505433A (ja) | 1997-05-27 |
EP0921690B1 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
DE69534750T2 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
DE69534750D1 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
DE69526327D1 (de) | 2002-05-16 |
EP0727126B1 (en) | 2002-04-10 |
DE69526327T2 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
WO1996008115A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
JP4294090B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
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