JP4273315B2 - 免疫測定用粒子および免疫測定法 - Google Patents
免疫測定用粒子および免疫測定法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4273315B2 JP4273315B2 JP2003295138A JP2003295138A JP4273315B2 JP 4273315 B2 JP4273315 B2 JP 4273315B2 JP 2003295138 A JP2003295138 A JP 2003295138A JP 2003295138 A JP2003295138 A JP 2003295138A JP 4273315 B2 JP4273315 B2 JP 4273315B2
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Images
Description
シラン化合物により磁性体微粒子を疎水化することによって、薬品耐性、特にアルカリ耐性に優れ、診断薬として使用中に磁性体微粒子が核粒子から剥離し磁気性能が低下する問題、あるいは脱離した磁性体微粒子が診断薬反応液中に浮遊する事により生じる汚染物混入を効果的に防止することができる。
本発明においては、疎水化された磁性体微粒子が、たとえばトルエンに良好に分散することができる場合に、十分に疎水化されているということができる。
効率よくかつ強固に複合化を実施するには物理的吸着力が強いことが望ましい。その方法としては攪拌翼付き容器中で攪拌翼の周速度が好ましくは15m/秒以上、より好ましくは30m/秒以上、さらに好ましくは40〜150m/秒で実施することが挙げられる。撹拌翼の周速度が15m/秒より低いと、被覆層を形成する十分なエネルギーを得ることができないことがある。なお、撹拌翼の周速度の上限については、特に制限はないが、使用する装置、エネルギー効率などの点から自ずと決定される。
本発明において、核粒子の表面に形成された磁性体層の厚さは 0.005〜20μm、好ましくは 0.01〜5μmであり、厚みは均一であることが好ましい。磁性体層の厚さが、0.005μmより小さい場合、磁性体含有量が小さくなり、充分な磁気分離性が得られず、20μmを超える場合は、磁性体層の強度が低下し、磁性体層がこわれるおそれがある。
また、核粒子の表面は完全に磁性体層で被覆されていることが好ましく、核粒子表面の少なくとも90%以上は磁性体層で被覆されていることが必要である。
抗原又は抗体を粒子に結合する方法としては、物理吸着法又は化学結合法を採用することができる。物理吸着法は、適当な緩衝液中で前記粒子と抗原あるいは抗体とを反応させることにより行うものである。この反応に使用する緩衝溶液としては、リン酸緩衝液、トリス−塩酸緩衝液、炭酸緩衝液などである。反応は、両者を室温にて混合することにより容易に進行し、目的物を得ることができる。又、化学結合法は、ペプチド結合法におけるカルボジイミド法を採用することができる。
特公昭57−24369号公報記載の膨潤重合法、ジャーナル オブポリマーサイエンス ポリマーレター エディション(J.Polym.Sci.,Polymer Letter Ed.)記載の重合方法、あるいは本発明者らが先に提案した重合方法(特開昭61−215602、同61−215603、同61−215604)を参考に以下の粒子を作製した。核粒子1〜5は平均粒子径、CV値とも本願発明の範囲内のものであり、核粒子6はCV値が本願発明の範囲より大きく、かつ不均一な粒子である。下記核粒子は、重合後遠心分離により粒子のみ取り出したものをさらに水洗し、乾燥、粉砕した。
(平均粒子径1.5μm CV値2.2%)
核粒子2;スチレン/ジビニルベンゼン=80/20共重合体
(平均粒子径3.0μm CV値2.3%)
2.核粒子への磁性体の被覆(磁性体層の形成)
被覆方法1;
油性磁性流体「FV55」[松本油脂(株)製]にアセトンを加えて粒子を析出沈殿させた後、これを乾燥することにより、疎水化処理された表面を有するフェライト系の超常磁性体(平均粒子径:0.01μmを得た。なおこの磁性体は界面活性剤により疎水化処理された表面を有するものである。得られた磁性体をトルエン/水(重量比1:1)に添加し、十分に攪拌した後静置したところ、磁性体はトルエンのみに分散されており、表面が疎水化されたことを確認した。ついで、核粒子5gに、疎水化された磁性体を4g混合し、この混合物をハイブリダイゼーションシステムNHS−0型(奈良機械製作所(株)製)を使用して、羽根(撹拌翼)の周速度100m/秒(16200rpm)で3分間処理した。
油性磁性流体「FV55」[松本油脂(株)製]にアセトンを加えて粒子を析出沈殿させた後、これを乾燥することにより、疎水化処理された表面を有するフェライト系の超常磁性体(平均粒子径:0.01μmを得た。なおこの磁性体は界面活性剤により疎水化処理された表面を有するものである。この界面活性剤を除去すべく、大量の200mMのNaOH水溶液で磁性体を洗浄し、ついで蒸留水で余剰のNaOHを取り除いて乾燥させた。次に、この乾燥磁性体10gにイソブチルトリメトキシシラン100gを添加し、50℃において8時間混合させて表面の疎水化処理を行い、磁性体を得た。この磁性体を回収し乾燥させた。得られた磁性体をトルエン/水(重量比1:1)に添加し、十分に攪拌した後静置したところ、磁性体はトルエンのみに分散されており、表面が疎水化されたことを確認した。
実施例1(表面コーティング重合1);
被覆方法1、2で得られた磁性体被覆粒子30gと、分散剤としてノニオン性乳化剤「エマルゲン150」(花王製)の0.5%水溶液375gと、アニオン性乳化剤ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)の0.5%水溶液375gとを1Lセパラブルフラスコに投入し充分に分散させた。ついで、イカリ型撹拌羽200rpm撹拌、N2ガス気流下60℃とした。これに、モノマーとしてシクロヘキシルメタクリレート15g、メタクリル酸3.75g、ジビニルベンゼン0.6g、重合開始剤としてターシャリーブチルペルオキシ2−エチルヘキサネート(日本油脂社製;パーブチルO)1.5g、分散剤としてノニオン性乳化剤「エマルゲン150」(花王製)の0.5%水溶液75gおよびアニオン性乳化剤ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)の0.5%水溶液75gの混合物を10℃以下において超音波微分散により乳化させて、2時間にわたり連続添加して反応させた。その後、さらに温度を80℃とし3時間継続し反応を完結させた。その後、室温に冷却し500メッシュステンレス製網で粗大物を除去し、さらに磁気精製において非磁性成分を除去した。
表面コーティング重合1のシクロヘキシルメタクリレートをスチレンとした以外は全て表面コーティング重合1の方法に基づいて実施した。
油性磁性流体「FV55」[松本油脂(株)製]にアセトンを加えて粒子を析出沈殿させた後、これを乾燥することにより、得られた超常磁性体粉体4.8gを0.5%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム420gに分散させ、さらにスチレン4.2gを添加しイカリ型撹拌羽200rpm撹拌、N2ガス気流下55℃で1時間撹拌した。この混合物に過硫酸カリウム8gと0.5%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム560gに分散させた核粒子130gを添加した。さらに6時間後にスチレン4.2gと過硫酸カリウム7gを添加しさらに15時間撹拌した。その後、室温に冷却し500メッシュステンレス製網で粗大物を除去し、さらに磁気精製において非磁性成分を除去した。得られた粒子5g(固形分)を0.5%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム150gに分散させ、スチレン2g、メタクリル酸1g過硫酸カリウム1gを添加しイカリ型撹拌羽200rpm撹拌、N2ガス気流下55℃で4時間撹拌した。その後、室温に冷却し500メッシュステンレス製網で粗大物を除去し、さらに磁気精製において非磁性成分を除去した。
比較例2重合により磁性体層およびコーティングポリマー層を同時に形成する方法);
比較例1で核粒子として核粒子2を使用した以外は、比較例1の方法に基づき実施した。
上記の核粒子の作製方法、核粒子への磁性体の被覆方法、磁性体被覆粒子の表面コーティング重合方法を表1(実施例)および表2(比較例)に示すとおり組み合わせて診断薬用粒子を製造した。得られた粒子につき以下の評価を行った。
得られた診断薬用粒子を分散媒である水に分散させ、1重量%の試験液が得られるよう調整した。この試験液の1mlをエッペンドルフチューブに入れ、撹拌後に横方向から4000ガウスの磁気を1分間かけた場合の磁気捕捉率を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1〜2および比較例で得られた診断薬用粒子の100mgを10mM MES−NaOH(pH6)5mLに分散させ、これに水溶性カルボジイミド5mgを加えた。室温で30分間反応させた後、上清を除去し、抗AFPマウスIgG抗体溶液(1mg/mL、10mM MES−NaOH(pH6))を10mL加え、室温で回転攪拌機にて2時間攪拌した。2時間後、この粒子を0.1%BSA含有リン酸緩衝塩溶液(pH 7.4)で4回洗浄し、0.1%BSA含有リン酸緩衝液(pH 7.4)で粒子濃度が0.5重量%となるように再分散し、抗AFPIgG結合磁性粒子(免疫測定用粒子)とした。
結果1;磁気捕捉率の評価結果
実施例の診断薬用粒子は、いずれも磁気捕捉率が99重量%以上であった。これは粒径分布が狭く磁気応答性が均一であることが理由として挙げられる。
本発明の免疫測定用粒子は、図1および図2に示すとおり、比較例の粒子にくらべて高いシグナル強度と、約2倍のS/N比を示し高感度であることがわかる。
Claims (4)
- 核粒子の表面に磁性体層を有し、さらに該磁性体層上にポリマー層を有する粒子の表面に抗原または抗体が結合されてなり、
前記磁性体層は、Fe2O3およびFe3O4の少なくとも一方からなる磁性体微粒子を物理的に前記核粒子の表面に吸着させて複合化され、該磁性体微粒子はトルエンに分散するように疎水化されてなる、免疫測定用粒子。 - 請求項1において、前記磁性体層の厚さが0.005〜20μmである免疫測定用粒子。
- 請求項1または2において、前記ポリマー層の厚さが0.005〜20μmである免疫測定用粒子。
- 請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の免疫測定用粒子を用いることを特徴とする免疫測定法。
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