JP4155253B2 - 光学素子の製造方法及び光学素子成形型の加工方法 - Google Patents
光学素子の製造方法及び光学素子成形型の加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4155253B2 JP4155253B2 JP2004265201A JP2004265201A JP4155253B2 JP 4155253 B2 JP4155253 B2 JP 4155253B2 JP 2004265201 A JP2004265201 A JP 2004265201A JP 2004265201 A JP2004265201 A JP 2004265201A JP 4155253 B2 JP4155253 B2 JP 4155253B2
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Description
前記樹脂組成物は、脂環式構造を有する重合体を含有し、
前記成形型は、第1型部材と、該第1型部材に対向して部材成形空間を形成する第2型部材とを備え、
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方の前記部材成形空間との接触面に3nm以上20nm以下のフッ素含有化合物層を設けたことを特徴とする光学素子の製造方法である。
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方を加熱する加熱手段と、
前記加熱手段で加熱される第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方を冷却する冷却手段と、
前記温度検知手段で検知された温度に基づき、前記加熱手段及び冷却手段を制御する制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学素子の製造方法である。
前記表面加工層は、微細パターンが形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法である。
請求項6に係る発明は、前記脂環式構造を有する重合体は、ノルボルネン系開環重合体の水素添加物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法である。
請求項8に係る発明は、第1型部材と、該第1型部材に対向して部材成形空間を形成する第2型部材とを有する光学素子成形型であって、第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方の前記部材成形空間との接触面に3nm以上20nm以下のフッ素含有化合物層を有する光学素子成形型の加工方法において、
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方に設けられた表面加工層を、0.05乃至0.5質量%のフッ素含有化合物溶液で塗布する工程と、
前記塗布する工程で塗布された表面加工層を、前記フッ素含有化合物溶液に含まれる溶剤で洗浄する洗浄工程とを含むことを特徴とする光学素子成形型の加工方法である。
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方に設けられた表面加工層を、0.05乃至0.5質量%のフッ素含有化合物溶液に浸漬する浸漬工程と、前記浸漬工程で浸漬された表面加工層を、前記フッ素含有化合物溶液から引き上げる引き上げ工程と、
前記引き上げ工程で引き上げられた表面加工層を、前記フッ素含有化合物溶液に含まれる溶剤で洗浄する洗浄工程とを含むことを特徴とする光学素子成形型の加工方法である。
ここで、「断熱層」とは、例えば、熱伝導率が20W/m・K以下の材料で構成されている。
ここで、「微細パターン」とは、局所的な凹凸形状を含むパターンを意味し、回折パターンや位相差形成パターン等の光路差付与構造のほか、段差を利用して2次元的な照明を行う導光板等も含む。なお、回折パターンとは、光学素子表面、例えばレンズ表面にレリーフを設けて、回折によって光線の角度を変える作用を持たせた形態をいい、位相差形成パターンとは、光学素子表面、例えばレンズ表面に階段形状を設けて、光線に位相差を設ける作用を持たせた形態をいう。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物は、脂環式構造を有する重合体を含有することを特徴とする。
下記一般式(1)で表される脂環式構造を有する繰り返し単位(a)と、下記一般式(2)または(3)で表される鎖状構造の繰り返し単位(b)とを、合計含有量が90質量%以上になるように含有し、さらには繰り返し単位(b)の含有量が1質量%以上10質量%未満である脂環式構造を有する重合体。
(2)ノルボルネン系開環重合体の水素添加物。
炭素原子数が2〜20のα−オレフィンと、下記一般式(1)または(2)で表される環状オレフィンとの共重合体を水素添加処理して得られる環状構造を有するオレフィン系重合体。
以下、脂環式構造を有する重合体の好ましい態様について説明する。
脂環式構造を有する重合体としては、重合体全繰り返し単位中に、下記一般式(1)で表される脂環式構造を有する繰り返し単位(a)と、下記一般式(2)または(3)で表される鎖状構造の繰り返し単位(b)とを、合計含有量が90質量%以上になるように含有し、さらには繰り返し単位(b)の含有量が1質量%以上、10質量%未満である脂環式炭化水素系共重合体が好ましい。
(1)芳香族ビニル系化合物と共重合可能なその他のモノマーとを共重合し、主鎖及び芳香環の炭素−炭素不飽和結合を水素化する方法、
(2)脂環式ビニル系化合物と共重合可能なその他のモノマーとを共重合し、必要に応じて水素化する方法等が挙げられる。
本発明で用いることのできる脂環式構造を有する重合体の1つであるノルボルネン系開環重合体の水素添加物は、ノルボルネン系単量体と開環重合触媒とを添加して開環重合を行い、該単量体添加終了後も該触媒を添加して開環重合を終了してノルボルネン系開環重合体を得、次いで水素添加触媒の存在下で水素添加することにより得られるものである。
本発明の製造方法において、上記開環重合反応終了後に、水素添加触媒を添加して水素添加反応を行う。水素添加触媒としては、オレフィン化合物や芳香族化合物の水素添加に際して一般に使用されるものであれば格別な制限はなく、通常、不均一系触媒や均一系触媒が用いられる。
本発明で好ましく用いることのできる熱可塑性樹脂の1つは、炭素原子数が2〜20のα−オレフィンと、下記一般式(I)または(II)で表される環状構造を有するオレフィンとの共重合体を水素添加処理して得られる環状オレフィン系重合体である。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物は、樹脂または樹脂の混合物に、酸化防止剤、耐光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、熱安定剤、耐候安定剤、近赤外線吸収剤、酸素スカベンジャーなどの安定剤;滑剤、可塑剤などの樹脂改質剤;染料や顔料などの着色剤;帯電防止剤、難燃剤、フィラー等の添加剤を添加することができる。以下、添加剤について説明する。
酸化防止剤は、フリーラジカルなど酸化促進因子を補足する機能を有する化合物であり、フェノール系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤、イオウ系酸化防止剤などが挙げられ、これらの中でもフェノール系酸化防止剤、特にアルキル置換フェノール系酸化防止剤が好ましい。これらの酸化防止剤を添加することにより、透明性、耐熱性等を低下させることなく、成形時の酸化劣化等によるレンズの着色や強度低下を防止できる。これらの酸化防止剤は、それぞれ単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができ、その添加量は、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で適宜選択されるが、本発明に係る樹脂100質量部に対して好ましくは0.001〜5質量部、より好ましくは0.01〜1質量部である。
耐光安定剤は、光化学反応によって発生したフリーラジカルを補足する機能を有する化合物であり、ベンゾフェノン系耐光安定剤、ベンゾトリアゾール系耐光安定剤、ヒンダードアミン系耐光安定剤などが挙げられるが、本発明においては、レンズの透明性、耐着色性等の観点から、ヒンダードアミン系耐光安定剤を用いるのが好ましい。
本発明に用いられる紫外線吸収剤について説明する。
添加剤として、最も低いガラス転移温度が30℃以下である化合物を10%未満添加することにより、透明性、耐熱性、機械的強度などの諸特性を低下させることなく、長時間の高温高湿度環境下での白濁を防止できる。具体的には、軟質重合体及びアルコール性化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の添加剤を添加することにより、透明性、低吸水性、機械的強度などの諸特性を低下させることなく、長時間の高温高湿度環境下での白濁を防止できる。
軟質重合体は、通常30℃以下のTgを有する重合体であり、Tgが複数存在する場合には、少なくとも最も低いTgが30℃以下であることが好ましい。
アルコール性化合物は、分子内に少なくとも1つの非フェノール性水酸基を有する化合物で、好適には、少なくても1つの水酸基と少なくとも1つのエーテル結合またはエステル結合を有する。このような化合物の具体例としては、例えば2価以上の多価アルコール、より好ましくは3価以上の多価アルコール、さらには好ましくは3〜8個の水酸基を有する多価アルコールの水酸基の1つがエーテル化またはエステル化されたアルコール性エーテル化合物やアルコール性エステル化合物が挙げられる。
有機フィラーとしては、通常の有機重合体粒子または架橋有機重合体粒子を用いることができ、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン;ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデンなどのハロゲン含有ビニル重合体;ポリアリレート、ポリメタクリレートなどのα,β−不飽和酸から誘導された重合体;ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニルなどの不飽和アルコールから誘導された重合体;ポリエチレンオキシド、またはビスグリシジルエーテルからから誘導された重合体;ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルフォンなどの芳香族縮合系重合体;ポリウレタン;ポリアミド;ポリエステル;アルデヒド・フェノール系樹脂;天然高分子化合物などの粒子または架橋粒子を挙げることができる。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて、その他の添加剤として、近赤外線吸収剤、染料や顔料などの着色剤、滑剤、可塑剤、帯電防止剤、蛍光増白剤などを添加することができ、これらは単独で、あるいは2種以上混合して用いることができ、その添加量は本発明の目的を損ねない範囲で適宜選択される。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物の調製方法について説明する。
本発明に係る成形型は、成形型の温度を検知する温度検知手段と、第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方を加熱する加熱手段と、前記加熱手段で加熱される第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方を冷却する冷却手段と、前記温度検知手段で検知された温度に基づき、前記加熱手段及び冷却手段を制御する制御手段とを備えた成形型(以下、ヒートサイクル成形型という)または第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方は、フッ素含有化合物層に接する表面加工層と、前記表面加工層に隣接して設けられた断熱層とを備えた成形型(以下、断熱成形型という)が好ましく用いられる。
図1及び図3で示した成形型1のキャビティCAとの接触面、すなわち成形面21a、21b、31及び32のうちの少なくとも1つの成形面に3nm以上20nm以下のフッ素含有化合物層が設けられている。以下、フッ素含有化合物層について説明する。
本発明の光学素子は、上記の製造方法により得られるが、光学部品への具体的な適用例としては、光学レンズや光学プリズムとしては、カメラの撮像系レンズ;顕微鏡、内視鏡、望遠鏡レンズなどのレンズ;眼鏡レンズなどの全光線透過型レンズ;CD、CD−ROM、WORM(追記型光ディスク)、MO(書き変え可能な光ディスク;光磁気ディスク)、MD(ミニディスク)、DVD(デジタルバーサタイルディスク)などの光ディスクのピックアップレンズ;レーザビームプリンターのfθレンズ、センサ用レンズなどのレーザ走査系レンズ;カメラのファインダー系のプリズムレンズなどが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、低複屈折性が要求されるピックアップレンズやレーザ走査系レンズとして好適であり、ピックアップレンズに最も好適に用いられる。
100Lステンレス製ポットにメタノール60Lを入れ、別途設置した攪拌機にて攪拌を行い、このビーカー内へアペル5014DP(三井化学(株)製:示差走査熱量測定装置(DSC)により求められたTg:126℃)の15%シクロヘキサン溶液3Lを60分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後60分間攪拌し、析出したポリマーを50cmヌッチェで濾取した。その後50℃で6時間減圧乾燥することにより、添加剤を除去した樹脂Aを432.8g得た。
ゼオネックス330R(日本ゼオン(株)製:DSCにより求められたTg:123℃)の15%シクロヘキサン溶液を使用した以外は<樹脂組成物Aの作成>と同様の添加剤除去操作を行い、添加剤を除去した樹脂Bを436.1g得た。
十分に乾燥し窒素置換した、攪拌装置を備えたステンレス鋼製重合器に、脱水シクロヘキサン320質量部、スチレン60質量部、及びジブチルエーテル0.38質量部を仕込み、60℃で攪拌しながらn−ブチルリチウム溶液(15%含有ヘキサン溶液)0.36質量部を添加して重合反応を開始した。1時間重合反応を行った後、反応溶液中に、スチレン8質量部とイソプレン12質量部とからなる混合モノマー20質量部を添加し、さらには1時間重合反応を行った後、反応溶液にイソプロピルアルコール0.2質量部を添加して反応を停止させた。このとき得られるブロック共重合体のMwは102,100で、Mw/Mnは1.11であった。
市販のポリカーボネート樹脂100質量部を、樹脂組成物Aと同様の方法で樹脂組成物Dを作製して粉砕した。
ダイキン工業社製「オプツールDSX」をダイキン工業社製「デムナムソルベント」で希釈して、0.1質量%乃至0.5質量%の「オプツールDSX」希釈溶液を作成した。「オプツールDSX」希釈溶液に図1及び図3に示した成形型を約1分間浸漬した後、引き上げ速度を0.1mm/秒乃至2mm/秒の定速に維持して成形型を引き上げ、約1時間室温で放置した後、「デムナムソルベント」溶液に浸漬して引き上げた後室温放置し、種々の平均膜厚の「オプツールDSX」コーティング層(フッ素含有化合物層)を有する成形型を作成した。
上述した作成方法で作成された樹脂組成物A、B、C及びDそれぞれの粉砕物を用いて光学用樹脂レンズを作製した。光学用樹脂レンズの作製は、<成形型の加工>において加工されて各種のコーティング層の平均膜厚を有する成形型を装着した、図1に示したヒートサイクル成形型を装着したインライン射出成形機を用い、型締圧力50t、加熱時の型温度160℃、冷却時の型温度120℃、射出圧力69.0MPaの条件下で射出成形を行い、直径1cmのレンズを作製した。なお、樹脂組成物及びコーティング層の平均膜厚の組み合わせを下記表1に示す。
1ショット目、5000ショット目、20000ショット目それぞれの成形後の光学用樹脂レンズ表面を目視観察し、下記のようにランク評価した。得られた結果を表1に示す。なお、1回の成形を1ショットと称する。
○:欠損がない(実用可)
△:光学素子の表面に僅かに荒れが観察される(実用可)
×:欠損が明らかに観察される(実用不可)
<断熱成形型を用いた光学素子の製造>
図3に示した断熱成形型を装着したインライン射出成形機を用い、表1に示した成形型のコーティング層の平均膜厚及び樹脂組成物と同様の組み合わせで、各種の直径1cmの光学用樹脂レンズを作製したが表1と同様の結果が得られた。なお、型締圧力50t、型温度120℃、射出圧力69.0MPaの条件下で射出成形を行った。
2 固定型
2A 第1部材
2B 第2部材
21a、21b 成形面
3 可動型
3A 突き出し部
3B 型本体
31、32 成形面
34 温度調節媒体路
35 加熱冷却装置
36a 母材部分
36b 表面膜
4 温度センサ4
5 制御装置5
11 光ピックアップ装置
12 レーザダイオード
13 ビームスプリッタ
14 対物レンズ
15 光ディスク
15a 保護基板
15b 情報記録面
16 センサレンズ
17 センサ
18 コリメータ
19 1/4波長板
110 絞り
111 アクチュエータ
CA キャビティ
GA ゲート
DP 回折パターン
Claims (9)
- 樹脂組成物を成形型で成形する工程を含む光学素子の製造方法において、
前記樹脂組成物は、脂環式構造を有する重合体を含有し、
前記成形型は、第1型部材と、該第1型部材に対向して部材成形空間を形成する第2型部材とを備え、
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方の前記部材成形空間との接触面に3nm以上20nm以下のフッ素含有化合物層を設けたことを特徴とする光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記成形型の温度を検知する温度検知手段と、
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方を加熱する加熱手段と、
前記加熱手段で加熱される第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方を冷却する冷却手段と、
前記温度検知手段で検知された温度に基づき、前記加熱手段及び冷却手段を制御する制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方は、前記フッ素含有化合物層に接する表面加工層と、前記表面加工層に隣接して設けられた断熱層とを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方は、前記フッ素含有化合物層に接する表面加工層を備え、
前記表面加工層は、微細パターンが形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記脂環式構造を有する重合体は、重合体全繰り返し単位中に、下記一般式(1)で表される脂環式構造を有する繰り返し単位(a)と、下記一般式(2)または(3)で表される鎖状構造の繰り返し単位(b)とを、合計含有量が90質量%以上になるように含有し、さらには繰り返し単位(b)の含有量が1質量%以上10質量%未満である脂環式構造を有する重合体であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記脂環式構造を有する重合体は、ノルボルネン系開環重合体の水素添加物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記脂環式構造を有する重合体は、炭素原子数が2乃至20のα−オレフィンと、下記一般式(I)または(II)で表される環状オレフィンとの共重合体を水素添加処理して得られる環状構造を有するオレフィン系重合体であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 第1型部材と、該第1型部材に対向して部材成形空間を形成する第2型部材とを有する光学素子成形型であって、第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方の前記部材成形空間との接触面に3nm以上20nm以下のフッ素含有化合物層を有する光学素子成形型の加工方法において、
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方に設けられた表面加工層を、0.05乃至0.5質量%のフッ素含有化合物溶液で塗布する工程と、
前記塗布する工程で塗布された表面加工層を、前記フッ素含有化合物溶液に含まれる溶剤で洗浄する洗浄工程とを含むことを特徴とする光学素子成形型の加工方法。 - 第1型部材と、該第1型部材に対向して部材成形空間を形成する第2型部材とを有する光学素子成形型であって、第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方の前記部材成形空間との接触面に3nm以上20nm以下のフッ素含有化合物層を有する光学素子成形型の加工方法において、
前記第1型部材及び第2型部材の少なくとも一方に設けられた表面加工層を、0.05乃至0.5質量%のフッ素含有化合物溶液に浸漬する浸漬工程と、前記浸漬工程で浸漬された表面加工層を、前記フッ素含有化合物溶液から引き上げる引き上げ工程と、
前記引き上げ工程で引き上げられた表面加工層を、前記フッ素含有化合物溶液に含まれる溶剤で洗浄する洗浄工程とを含むことを特徴とする光学素子成形型の加工方法。
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