JP4044653B2 - 外科用締付け機構 - Google Patents
外科用締付け機構 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
- A61B2017/07285—Stapler heads characterised by its cutter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B17/2909—Handles
- A61B2017/2912—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
- A61B2017/2923—Toothed members, e.g. rack and pinion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2927—Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
- A61B2017/2929—Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
- A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
- A61B2017/2934—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means arcuate shaped guiding means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
- A61B2017/2944—Translation of jaw members
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S227/00—Elongated-member-driving apparatus
- Y10S227/901—Surgical clip appliers
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、外科手術を行うための器具に関する。さらに詳細には、発明は、内視鏡手術中、外科医が身体組織を締め付け又はつかむ器具の締め付け機構に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術及びその課題】
内視鏡手術中、体腔内の手術部位への接近は、体壁において作られた小径の開口を通して行われる。この接近を行うために頻繁に使用される器具は、トロカールである。トロカールは、閉塞具とカニューレを含む組立品である。閉塞具は、鋭い先端を有し、体壁を穿刺し、接近開口を設けるために使用される。閉塞具は、中空の円筒形スリ―ブであるカニューレ内を摺動する。閉塞具が、体壁を穿刺した時、閉塞具は、カニューレから取り除かれる。しかし、カニューレは、閉塞具によって体壁に作られた開口内の適所にとどまる。結果として、カニューレは、体腔内の手術部位に接近するための円筒形通路を設ける。
【0003】
従って、多数の内視鏡手術器具の特性的特徴は、トロカールカニューレを通って摺動することができる長い円筒形シャフトである。体腔内の手術部位において組織と接触する器具の端部であるシャフトの鋭い端部において、「末端効果器(end effector)」が、所望の手術を実施するために、あるやり方で組織を巧みに扱うために提供される。末端効果器を含む鋭い端部は、同様に、トロカールカニューレを通して摺動することができなければならない。シャフトの反対端部において、末端効果器の性能を遠隔制御するために、鋭い端部に作動可能に連結されたアクチュエ−タがある。アクチュエ−タは、一つ以上の旋回トリガを備えたピストル形握り取手を含むフレームにおいて都合よく収容される。代替的に、アクチュエ−タは、レバー、もしくは、旋回トリガとレバーの組合せを含む。アクチュエ−タは、外科医が、トリガを旋回させるか、又はレバーを押下する時、作動される。これらの作用はまた、末端効果器にその所望の機能を行わせる。
【0004】
内視鏡手術器具の末端効果器の特に望ましい機能は、組織を締め付ける又はつかむ末端効果器の能力である。特別の手順を実施するために、組織が後引される又はそうでなければ正確に位置付けられる如く、組織をつかむことが必要である。これらの機能を実施する器具は、都合の良いことには、グラスパー及び開創器と呼ばれる。いくつかの手順において、ステープルが組織内へ発火された時、締め付けられた組織が締結される如く、組織を締め付けることが、望ましい。ステープルを締付けられた組織へ発火する末端効果器を備えた器具は、直線ステープラー及びカッターと呼ばれる(カッターは、発火されたステープルの列の間でナイフで組織を同時に切断するために、そのように名付けられる)。
【0005】
組織を締め付ける又はつかむ内視鏡手術器具の末端効果器は、一般に、2つの対向した細長いあごを有する。あごは、内部組織接触表面を有し、それらの間で組織は締付けられ又はつかまれる。あごは、しばしば、下あごと上あごとして記載される。下及び上あごは、相互に関して動く。あごが開位置に移動される時、あごの組織締付け表面は、相互に離間され、組織は、2つの表面の間に置かれる。あごが、閉位置に移動される時、あごの組織接触表面は、相互に隣接して位置付けられ、あごの間に置かれた組織は、締付けられ又はつかまれる。しばしば、グラスパーの組織接触表面は、組織をつかむための強化表面を設けるためにぎざぎざをつけられ、両方のあごは、それらの開及び閉位置の間で旋回する。直線カッターとステープラーは、従来、固定下あごと、下あごに関して開から閉位置に旋回する旋回上あごを有する。固定下あごは、ステープルカートリッジを収容するのための経路を含む。上あごは、一般に、アンビルを含む。従って、直線ステープラー又はカッターが使用される時、組織は、上あごを開位置において、カートリッジとアンビルの間に置かれ、上あごは、カートリッジとアンビルの間で組織を締め付けるために閉位置に旋回され、続いて、ステープルは、カートリッジから締付けられた組織へ発火され、アンビルに対して形成される。
【0006】
内視鏡手術器具の締付け及びつかみ機構の重要な特徴は、上又は下あごを、あごの間に組織を置くための開位置からその組織を締め付けるための閉位置に移動させる機構である。特に内視鏡直線カッターに対する共通な機構は、「カミング」閉止管の使用に係わる。この管は、前後に往復運動する。後方位置において、あごは、開位置である。その最前方位置において、上あごは、閉位置へ旋回し、その結果、アンビルとカートリッジは、互いに隣接する。後方位置において、管の遠位端部は、上あごの近位に位置付けられる(言い替えれば、管は、あごの後に位置する)。頻繁に単にアンビルと呼ばれる上あごは、その近位端部において、所謂外側傾斜カミング表面を有する。管が、後方から前方位置へ往復運動する時、管の遠位端部は、アンビルの外側カミング表面に沿って摺動し、又は「カム作用」する。このカミング作用は、アンビルを開から閉位置へ旋回させる。
【0007】
残念なことに、対向あごの間で組織を締め付ける又はつかむカミング機構は、非所望にも役に立たない。管の遠位端部が、アンビルの傾斜カミング表面に対して摺動する時、カミング作用に付随した高摩擦損失がある。これらの高摩擦損失は、機構の低効率を生ずる。機構が非効率である時、より大きな力が、締付け機構を作動させるために必要である。言い替えれば、器具を使用する外科医は、トリガを圧搾し又はレバーを押下し、締付け機構を作動させ、あごを閉じさせる時、より大きな圧力を及ぼすことを必要とする。明らかに、末端効果器の正確な位置付けは、阻害され、外科医が締め付けのために加えなければならない圧力量が増大するにつれて、挫折が高まる。
【0008】
カミングのための閉止管の使用による別の困難は、アンビルにおける傾斜カミング表面の要求である。この表面が位置付けられるアンビルの部分は、ステープルを形成するために使用されないために、この表面は、実際、アンビルにおける「むだ(wasted)」な表面領域である。内部組織接触表面であるアンビルのステープル形成表面は、埋め込まれたポケット又はくぼみを有し、ここで、カートリッジから発火されたステープルが、形成される。外側傾斜カミング表面と反対側のアンビルの部分の内面は、その性質により、ステープル形成のためのポケット又はくぼみを含む。このため、ステープルは、アンビルの内面の全長に沿って形成されない。これは、アンビルが必要なよりも長いことを意味する。結果として、組織があごの間で締付けられた時、あごは、非所望にも、「曲がる(flex)」又はねじれる。厚い組織を締め付けるために必要な力は、薄い組織を締め付けるために必要な力よりも大きいために、組織があごの間で締付けられた時、これは、頻繁に問題になる。あごの曲がり又はねじりが発生する時、発火された時、ステープルを偽形成させ、組織は不適当に締結される。
【0009】
傾斜カミング表面に関する別の問題は、カートリッジの組織接触表面よりも長いアンビルの使用を必要とするために、アンビル上に「組織止め(tissuestop)」を組み込むことが、必要になることである。組織止めは、ステープルが発火されない傾斜カミング表面と反対側のアンビルの部分へのあごの間に置かれた組織の通過を遅らせる。組織止めは、一般に、細長いアンビル本体から下行する一対の側面である。これらの側面は、組織があごの間に置かれた時、組織と接触し、このため、組織のさらに近位の移動を妨げる。残念なことに、組織止めは、時々、組織の後方通過を防止するために効果がなく、これは、もちろん、ステープルされていない組織を横切開させる。
【0010】
カム閉鎖機構に関連して観察される別の困難は、あごが開位置にある時のあごの間の開口、又はアンビルが傾斜カミング表面を有する時創成された「ギャップ(gap)」が、所望のものよりも小さいことである。ギャップは大きいほど、良い。これは、広いギャップにより、外科医は、締め付けの前に、あごの間で組織をさらに容易に位置付けることができるためである。適正な組織位置付けは、適正なステープル形成の見込みを増大させる。さらに、ステープルが発火された後に、あごは、開位置に戻され、しばしば、消費したステープルカートリッジを取り除き、続く発火のために、それに新しいもの再装填することが必要となる。もう一度、大きなギャップは、外科医又は手術室助手が消費したカートリッジを取り除き、それに新しいものを再装填することを容易にする。
【0011】
最後に、カム閉鎖機構は、さらに他の欠点を有する。末端効果器が、体腔内の手術部位に位置付けられた時、下方力がアンビルの遠位端部に加えられたならば、アンビルは、その開から閉位置へ旋回する。これは、アンビルが身体組織又は器官に対して改めてみがきをかける時、頻繁に発生する。この不注意の閉鎖は、手術中、破裂と時間の損失を生じさせる。さらに、アンビルは「正(positive)」の開位置、又は確実に固定された開位置を有さないために、末端効果器は、解剖器具として効果的でない。これは、全体として、器具のたわみ性と所望性を制限する。
【0012】
別の締付け機構は、ロシア特許No.728、848において記載される。この機構はまた、開から閉位置にアンビルを旋回させるために後方から前方位置に移動する往復閉止管を有する。横ピンは、アンビルに添着され、閉止管は、閉止管におけるスロット内でこれらのピンに載上する。この機構は、アンビルにおいて傾斜カミング表面を有する閉鎖機構に付随したいくつかの欠点を避けるが、それは、閉止管とアンビルの間の相対移動を必要とする。結果として、アンビルのすべてが、ステープル形成のために使用されるわけではない。大きなアンビル長は、厚い組織が締付けられた時、曲がり又はねじりを生じさせ、潜在的にステープルの偽形成に帰着する。アンビルが開位置にある時、組織接触表面の間のギャップは、望ましいよりも小さい。
【0013】
組織がアンビルとステープルカートリッジの間で締付けられた時生ずる別の問題は、アンビルが開から閉位置に移動される時、アンビルがカートリッジに関して不整合にされることである。これは、結果として、組織の不適当な締め付けを生じさせ、究極的に、組織においてステープルを偽形成又は誤配置させる。
【0014】
このため、前述の内視鏡手術器具のための締付け機構において固有の欠点を考慮して、より良い締付け又はつかみ機構を備えた内視鏡手術器具が、望まれる。この締付け機構は、組織があごの間に置かれた開位置からその組織の締め付け又はつかみのための閉位置へ、器具の末端効果器のあごの相対移動を生じさせる。機構は、摩擦損失を低減させ、このため、文献等において記載された機構よりも、大きい効率を設ける。それはまた、しばしばアンビルを表現する上あごの全長を完全に利用し、結果として、組織が締付けられた時、あごの曲がり又はねん回を縮小する。さらに、開位置においてあごの間の広いギャップの創成を可能にする効率的な締付け機構は、カートリッジ除去及び再装填とともに、あごにおける組織の位置付けを容易にする。あごが切開のために使用されるように、開位置においてあごの間に正の開口を設けるそのような締付け機構が開発されたならば、望ましい。さらに、アンビルが組織を締め付けるために閉じられるために、あごの間に適正な整合を保証する機構が提供されたならば、望ましい。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
一実施態様において、発明は、6つの基本要素を具備する手術器具である。これらの要素は、次のものである。a)器具を把持するための剛性フレーム、b)フレームから細長いし、遠位端部を有する細長いシャフト、c)近位及び遠位端部を有する第1及び第2あごを含むシャフト遠位端部から細長いする末端効果器、d)第2あごの近位端部と協働的に掛合された第1支柱、e)第2あごの近位端部に添着されたプッシャー部材、f)フレームにおいて少なくとも部分的に収容されたアクチュエ−タ。
【0016】
末端効果器のあごは、身体組織を収容するための開位置からこの組織を締め付け又はつかむための閉位置へ、相互に関して可動である。第1あごは、基部と第1及び第2側壁を有する細長い経路を含む。各側壁は、近位及び遠位端部を有し、側壁は、基部から第2あごに向って配される。各側壁は、相互に対向した細長いスロットを有する。各スロットは、側壁の近位端部に隣接した最下端部から、側壁の遠位端部に向った最上端部へ、上方に斜め表示される。さらに、第2あごは、組織接触表面を含む。
【0017】
第2あごに協働的に掛合された第1支柱は、相互に対向した細長いスロット内に収容され、ここで、それはスロット内で摺動することができる。
【0018】
第2あごに添着されたプッシャー部材は、第2あごの組織接触表面に隣接して配設される。或る実施態様において、細長いシャフトの遠位端部は、プッシャー部材として作用する。プッシャー部材は、後方位置から前方位置に可動である。プッシャー部材が後方位置にある時、第1ピンは、スロットの最下端部において位置付けられ、第2あごの遠位端部は、第1あごの遠位端部の後方に表示される。支柱と第2あごが、このようにして位置付けられた時、第1及び第2あごは、それらの開位置において表示される。プッシャー部材が前方位置にある時、第1支柱は、スロットの最上端部に移動し、第2あごの遠位端部は、第1あごの遠位端部に隣接する。この位置において、第1及び第2あごは、閉位置において表示される。
【0019】
アクチュエ−タは、細長いシャフトと協働したプッシャー部材に作動可能に連結される。それは、前方位置から後方位置へプッシャー部材の移動を行わせる。結果として、第2あごは、定置した第1あごに対して、開から閉位置に移動される。
【0020】
この発明の手術器具は、末端効果器のあごの間で組織をより効率的に締め付ける又はつかむための機構を含む。プッシャー部材は、第1あごから離間した位置から第1あごに隣接した位置に第2あごを移動させるために、第2あごに関して移動しない。むしろ、プッシャー部材は、第2あごの近位端部に当接し、その結果、プッシャー部材が後方に移動する時、第2あごは、連繋して後方に移動する。同様に、プッシャー部材が前方に移動する時、第2あごは、それと共に前方に移動する。基本的に、第1及び第2あごの開及び閉位置は、側壁の近位端部に隣接した最下端部から側壁の遠位端部に向った最上端部への、第1側壁のスロットに載上する第1支柱の移動により、創成される。
【0021】
重要なことに、締付け又はつかみ機構は、開から閉位置に第2あごを移動させるために、従来の傾斜カミング表面を使用しない。従って、第2あごは、近位端部において傾斜カミング表面を必要とせず、閉鎖を行うために、プッシャー部材が第2あごに関して前方に移動し、このあごにカミング力を設けることは、不必要である。このため、第2あごをその閉位置に向ってカム作用させるために必要な摩擦力を生ずる際に固有の非効率性は、除去された。究極的に、摩擦力は低下されるために、この発明の手術器具における締付け機構では、使用者は、従来のカミング機構に対して必要とされた力と比較して、あごの間で組織を締付けるために小さな力しか必要とされない。
【0022】
締め付けのための従来のカミング機構の除去は、別の有意義な利益を提供する。第2あごにおけるカミング表面は、取り除かれたために、第2あごのほぼ全長が、組織を締め付けるために使用される。実際に、開から閉位置にあごを移動させるプッシャー部材は、第2あごの組織接触表面に隣接して位置付けられる。第2あごの操作長は、結果として、あごの実長とほぼ同一である。第2あごは、このため、器具の重量を低減させるために、薄いビームから作製され、組織が締付けられた時あごが曲がる又はねじれる傾向は、縮小される。
【0023】
この発明の手術器具の締付け機構に対する別の付加的利益は、あごが開位置にある時、あごの間に組織を都合良く位置付ける能力である。これは、あごが開位置にある時、第2あごが、第1あごの遠位端部の後方に位置付けられるためである。第2あごの後方位置付けは、開位置においてあごの間に広いギャップを生成し、このため、あごの間に組織を位置付ける器具の使用者の能力を高める。第1あごが、第1あごの細長い経路において収容されたステープルカートリッジを含む時、それはまた、経路から消費したカートリッジを取り除き、それに新しいものを再装填する使用者の能力を高める。
【0024】
最後に、プッシャー部材は、第2あごの近位端部に添着されるために、第2あごは、アクチュエ−タがプッシャー部材を移動させるために操作されるまで、その開位置にとどまる。対照的に、先行技術のカミング機構は、一般に、第2あごを離間位置において維持するために、ばね押圧にたよった。それ自体、使用者が、第2あごを第1あごに隣接した閉位置に移動させることを望む時、それは、容易にこの位置に移動される。言い替えれば、この発明の手術器具へ組み込まれた締付け又はつかみ機構は、確実な開口を設け、このため、あごが、手術中、様々な方法で組織を操作するために位置付けられている時、大きな信頼性を提供する。
【0025】
別の実施態様において、発明は、細長いステープルカートリッジと細長いアンビルを具備する外科用ステープリング器具である。細長いステープルカートリッジは、カートリッジ締付け表面と、カートリッジ整合表面を細長いステープルカートリッジの近位端部において有する。カートリッジ整合表面は、カートリッジ締付け表面に隣接する。カートリッジ整合表面は、表面内に埋め込まれた整合溝を含む。細長いアンビルは、カートリッジ締付け表面に面するアンビル締付け表面を有する。それはまた、表面の近位端部においてアンビル整合表面を有する。アンビル整合表面は、アンビル締付け表面に隣接する。アンビル整合表面は、表面からつき出る一対の離間された整合リブを含む。
【0026】
細長いアンビルは、カートリッジ及びアンビル締付け表面が表面の間の組織の挿入のために相互に離間された後方位置から、カートリッジ及びアンビル締付け表面が組織の締め付けのために互いに隣接する前方位置に、細長いステープルカートリッジに関して可動である。細長いアンビルが、後方位置から前方位置に移動される時、アンビル整合表面における整合リブは、カートリッジ整合表面における整合溝内に収容され、摺動する。
【0027】
アンビルが、後方から前方位置に移動される時、カートリッジのカートリッジ整合表面内の整合溝とアンビルのアンビル整合表面における整合リブの間の相互作用は、組織が締付けられた時、2つのあごのミス整合をかなり最小化又は防止する。結果として、組織は、あごの間に適正に締付けられ、器具が発火された時、ステープルの誤発火又は偽形成は、かなり縮小される。
【0028】
この発明の手術器具は、その最大の利益を引き出し、内視鏡手術法のために主に適合される。しかし、内視鏡手術法だけでなく、従来の開手術法においても、この発明の手術器具の応用を見いだすことは、完全に予知でき、この発明の範囲内にある。
【0029】
【実施例】
最初に図1を参照すると、この発明の好ましい手術器具である、内視鏡直線カッター10の一般図が、示される。カッターは、器具を把持するための剛性フレーム11と、フレームから配された円筒管の形式における細長いシャフト12と、シャフトの遠位端部14に取り付けられた末端効果器13を有する。フレームは、末端効果器の締め付け及び発火機構を作動させるために、末端効果器に作動可能に連結されたアクチュエ−タ15を有する。アクチュエ−タは、パームグリップハンドル16、締付けトリガ17と発火(firing)トリガ18を含む。末端効果器は、それぞれ、近位及び遠位端部20と21を有する第1あご19を含む。同様に、末端効果器は、それぞれ、近位及び遠位端部23と24を有する第2あご22を含む。第1あごは、ステープルカートリッジ25を収容するための細長い経路の形式において形状付けられる(ステープルのためのスロットは不図示)。ステープルカートリッジは、形成されたステープルの列の間で締結された組織を切り取るために、ナイフ刃(不図示)の通過のための縦スロット26を有する。第2あごは、ステープルが形成されるアンビルを表現する。締付けトリガが、パームグリップハンドルに対して圧搾された時、カートリッジとアンビルの間に位置付けられた組織が、締付けられる。一旦、組織が締付けられたならば、発火トリガが、締付けトリガに対して圧搾され、カートリッジから組織を通ってステープルを発火させ、アンビルに対してステープルを形成する。内視鏡手術法においてカッターの使用を容易にするために、細長いシャフト12は、トロカールカニューレに嵌通される細長い円筒管である。内視鏡直線カッターは、非常に公知であり、特別な締め付け及び発火機構の詳細は、多数の特許において記載された。例えば、米国特許No.5、040、715とNo.5、307、976を参照せよ。
【0030】
図2と図3を参照すると、末端効果器13の細部が、図示される。末端効果器の主要構成部分は、第1あごを表現する細長い経路19、第2あごを表現するアンビル22、一対のアンビル案内スロット28と29内の協働すべり移動のためにアンビルの近位端部23に取り付けられた第1スロット支柱27、及び、この特に好ましい実施態様において、開から閉位置に経路に関してアンビルを動かすためのプッシャー部材として作用する円筒管12である。単純性と明瞭性のために、細長い経路に嵌込む図1に示されたステープルカートリッジ25は、示されない。
【0031】
細長い経路19は、基部30と第1及び第2側壁31と32をそれぞれ有する。第1側壁は、近位及び遠位端部33と34をそれぞれ有する。同様に、第2側壁は、近位及び遠位端部35と36をそれぞれ有する。側壁は、互いに対向し、アンビルに向って一般平行関係において基部から配設される。ステープルカートリッジは、カートリッジの底部が基部上に据えられ、カートリッジの側部が、経路の側壁の内壁に対して居心地よく収まる如く、経路へ挿入される。側壁の遠位端部における第1及び第2カートリッジクリップ37と38は、それぞれ、経路へ納められた時、カートリッジの締まりばめを保証する。第1及び第2の細長いアンビル案内スロット28と29は、それぞれ、第1及び第2側壁において表示される。各側壁は、側壁の近位端部33に隣接した最下端部から最下端部の遠位に位置付けられた最上端部へ上方に斜めに配される。各側壁の近位端部に隣接して、第1及び第2保持スロット39と40と第1及び第2保持クリップ41と42がある。
【0032】
アンビルは、細長い経路に面する組織接触表面43を有する。組織接触表面の近位端部に隣接して、アンビルに取り付けられた2つの支柱がある。第1支柱27は、アンビルにおける最近位の位置において取り付けられ、経路の第1及び第2アンビル案内スロットにおいて収容された長スロット支柱である。第2支柱44は、第1支柱の遠位に位置付けられた短いすべり支柱である。第2支柱は、組織があごの間に存在しない時、経路の側壁の第1及び第2すべり表面45と46にそれぞれ載置される。組織接触表面と反対側のアンビルの表面において、閉止管支持表面47と傾斜面48がある。
【0033】
閉止管12の遠位端部13は、細長い経路に関して開から閉位置にアンビルを移動させるために、アンビルと協働する。従って、それは、アンビルの閉止管支持表面47と接触しているアンビルスラスト表面49と、アンビルの傾斜面と同様に協働する閉止管(不図示)の遠位端部の内部において埋め込まれた傾斜面を有する。第1及び第2固定スロット50と51が、それぞれ、アンビルに管を固定するために使用される閉止管の遠位端部において表示される。固定スロットがアンビルに管を固定するために使用される方法は、下記の図4と図5の議論に関連して例示され、さらに詳細に記載される。
【0034】
細長い経路19は、保持棒52への器具のシャフトの遠位端部に添着される。保持棒は、細長いシャフト内に収容され、言い替えれば、それは、プッシャー部材として機能する円筒管の中空内部にはめ込まれる。保持棒は、その遠位端部において経路リテ―ナ53を有する。経路リテ―ナは、第1及び第2保持壁56と57からそれぞれ放射状外側に配された第1及び第2固形弧状表面54と55を有する。経路リテ―ナはまた、第1及び第2保持壁内にそれぞれ配された第1くぼみ部分58と第2くぼみ部分(不図示)を含む。経路リテ―ナは、細長い経路の近位端部において第1及び第2保持スロット39と40へはめ込まれ、第1及び第2保持クリップ41と42は、保持壁における第1及び第2くぼみに対して偏向される。このようにして、保持棒の遠位端部は、細長い経路の近位端部に取り付けられる。最後に、保持棒(図3)の近位端部において、棒保有溝59がある。この溝は、棒の軸方向移動を防止し、同時に、回転移動を許容するために、器具のフレーム11内の棒の近位端部の取付けを容易にする。
【0035】
図4と図5は、開及び閉位置における細長い経路19とアンビル22の間の位置関係を示す。最初に、あごが開から閉位置へ移動された時、閉止管とアンビルの間に実質的に相対移動がないことが強調されるべきである。言い替えれば、閉止管が、前方に移動する時、アンビルは、連繋して前方に移動する。同様に、閉止管が後方に移動する時、アンビルは、同様に後方に移動する。アンビルリテーナ戻り止め60は、第1及び第2固定スロット50と51(図2)の間に位置付けられた閉止管の部分がクリンピングされた時、アンビルに閉止管の遠位端部14を添着するために創成される。
【0036】
特に図4を参照すると、閉止管13が、その後方位置において示される。この位置において、第1スロット支柱は、経路の側壁におけるアンビル案内スロットの最下端部内に位置付けられ、あごは、開位置にある。開位置において、アンビルは、細長い経路から離間され、アンビルの遠位端部24は、経路の遠位端部21の後方にある。図5を参照すると、閉止管が、前方位置まで前方に移動された時、あごは、閉位置にある。第1スロット支柱は、側壁における最下端部から最上端部へアンビル案内スロットに載上し、第2すべり支柱は、組織が存在しない時、あごの開放中、遠位方向において経路の第1及び第2すべり表面45と46において摺動する。あごが、閉位置にある時、アンビルは、経路に隣接する。組織が存在する時、第2すべり支柱は、締め付けに対する組織の抵抗により、経路のすべり表面45と46から引き上げられる。さらに、閉止管とアンビルは、連繋して前方に移動したために、アンビルの遠位端部は、経路の遠位端部の後方にもはやなく、むしろ、アンビルと経路の遠位端部は、互いにほぼ一致する。
【0037】
図6と図7を参照すると、あごの間に身体組織を挿入するための開位置から、組織を締め付けるための閉位置にあごを移動させる締付けシ−ケンスが、示される。アクチュエ−タ15の締付けトリガ17が、パームグリップハンドル16に対して圧搾された時、閉止管12は、後方位置から前方位置に移動させられ、結果として、カートリッジ充填経路から離間された位置から経路に隣接した位置にアンビルを移動させる。図6と図7において、フレームの下半分が、図示される。フレームの上半分は、下半分に単純に成形され、締め付けと発火のための機構を完全に取り囲む。締付けトリガ17が圧搾された時、それは、軸受けピン61の周りで旋回する。クロ−ジュアピニオン62は、アクチュエ−タラック63と協働し、アクチュエ−タラックは、縦前方に移動する。アクチュエ−タラックは、閉止管アクチュエ−タ64の構成部分である。閉止管アクチュエ−タは、その遠位端部において、閉止管の近位端部67に添着された第1及び第2腕65と66をそれぞれ有する。結果として、締付けトリガが圧搾され、アクチュエ−タラックが前方に移動する時、閉止管アクチュエ−タは、同様に、前方に移動し、閉止管を後方から前方位置に移動させる。棒保有溝59が、フレームの下及び上半分における第1及び第2嵌合ボス(不図示)と接触するために、保持棒52は、フレームに固定される。この特別な構成により、保持棒は、軸方向固定位置にとどまるが、使用者は、回転ノヴ68を回すことにより、保持棒、閉止管と末端効果器を回転させることができる。一旦、締付けトリガが、あごの間で組織を締付けるために圧搾されたならば、発火トリガは、続いて、組織へステープルを発火するために圧搾され、同時に、ステープルの列の間で切断する。あごの間で組織を締め付けるための機構と、発火し組織を切断するための構造及び機構の一層の詳細は、一般に譲渡された、米国特許No.5、465、895において記載される。
【0038】
図8は、外科用締結組立品69の形式におけるこの発明の内視鏡直線カッターの好ましい末端効果器を示す。組立品は、カートリッジ経路71へはめ込まれた細長いステープルカートリッジ70を有する。ステープルカートリッジは、細長いアンビル72に面する。
【0039】
細長いステープルカートリッジの詳細が、図12〜図14と関連して、図8において例示される。カートリッジは、その近位端部においてカートリッジ整合表面73を有する。カートリッジ整合表面から遠位に、一般平面のカートリッジ締付け表面74が配設される。ステープルスロット75の3つのオフセット垂直列が、カートリッジ締付け表面内に同様に埋め込まれたナイフスロット76の各側においてカートリッジ締付け表面内に埋め込まれる。各ステープルスロットは、ステープル(不図示)を収納し、カッターが発火された時、排出され、アンビルに対して形成される。
【0040】
ステープルカートリッジは、カートリッジのカートリッジ整合表面73内に埋め込まれた整合溝77を含む。カートリッジナイフスロット76は、同様に、整合溝内に埋め込まれ、結果として、カートリッジ整合表面の近位端部からカートリッジのカートリッジ締付け表面の遠位端部の隣接まで配設される。カッターが発火された時、切削ナイフ(不図示)は、カートリッジを通ってナイフスロット内を遠位にすべり、組織を締結するために発火された3列のステープルのセットの各々の間で組織を切断する。
【0041】
締結組立品69の細長いアンビル72が、図15〜図17と関連して、図8において詳細に示される。細長いアンビルは、近位端部におけるアンビル整合表面78と、整合表面から遠位のアンビル締付け表面79を有する。アンビル及びステープルカートリッジの整合及び締付け表面は、互いに面するように位置付けられ、各構成部分の表面は、相互に対向する。アンビル整合表面は、カートリッジの嵌合表面と直接に相互作用しないが、次の如く整合機能を起こす。アンビル整合表面は、アンビル整合表面からカートリッジ整合表面の方へつき出る一対の離間された整合リブ80を有する。整合リブは、好ましくは、互いに全く同じ形状及び大きさにされ、カートリッジ整合表面における整合溝内に収容され、摺動するように設計される。アンビル締付け表面は、カートリッジのカートリッジ締付け表面内に埋め込まれた対応するステープルスロットと嵌合する3つのオフセット垂直列のステープル形成ポケット81の2つのセットを有する。ステープルが、カートリッジにおけるスロットから排出された時、ステープルは、それぞれのステープル形成ポケット内のアンビルに対して形成される。アンビルナイフスロット82は、アンビル内に埋め込まれ、アンビル整合表面の近位端部からアンビル締付け表面の遠位端部の隣接まで配設される。アンビルナイフスロットは、離間された整合リブの間に位置し、アンビル締付け表面内に埋め込まれた3列のステープル形成ポケットの2つのセットを分離する。
【0042】
図9〜図11と図13を簡単に参照すると、使い捨てカートリッジを除去可能に収容するためのカートリッジ経路71が、示される。経路は、カートリッジ取付表面84によって分離された第1及び第2の離間側壁83を有する。経路は、第1及び第2側壁の間のカートリッジ取付表面においてカートリッジを確実に位置させるような大きさにされる。カートリッジ経路におけるカートリッジの適正な配置を容易にするために、カートリッジ経路は、カートリッジ70の側面において表示された対応する位置決めタブ91を収容する2つのノッチ90を有する。適正な配置をさらに容易にするために、カートリッジ取付表面は、カートリッジの下側において表示されたピン86を収容するカートリッジクリアランスホール85を有する。
【0043】
図4〜図7において図示の如く、アンビルとカートリッジの締付け表面の間で組織を締め付けるために、アンビルが前方に移動された時、アンビル整合表面からつき出る整合リブの対は、カートリッジのカートリッジ整合表面内に埋め込まれた整合溝に収容され、摺動する。このようにして、組織の締め付けに応答して、開位置から閉位置へ移動された時、アンビルが不整合になる傾向は、縮小される。アンビルが閉位置にあり、アンビルとカートリッジの締付け表面が、組織を締め付けるために互いに隣接する時、ステープリング器具は、発火される用意が整う。発火された時、ステープルは、組織を締結するために排出されるだけでなく、ナイフは、スライド整合溝内に埋め込まれたナイフスロットのために、カートリッジと整合表面の離間された整合リブの間を、締結組立品を通って遠位に摺動する。
【0044】
好ましい締結組立品69の別の潜在的に有益な特徴が、図8と図15〜図17において例示される。特に、所望時に、アンビル72の近位端部は、アンビルが開から閉位置に移動された時、カートリッジ経路にまたがる一対の外側組織止め具87を含む。各外側組織止め具は、止め前縁88を有し、アンビルの整合リブの対における前縁89と組み合わせて、アンビルとカートリッジの締付け表面の近位の組織の「ミルキング」をかなり縮小又は防止する。この特定の実施態様において、外側組織止め具前縁が整合リブの前縁の遠位に位置するために、前縁の位置付けは、特に望ましい。
【0045】
この発明が、最も好ましい実施態様に関連して記載されたが、読者は、この説明により、下記のクレームに関連して主張された発明の範囲を制限するべきではない。明らかに、多数の付加的な実施態様が、技術における当業者に容易に明らかになり、本発明の範囲及び精神内に入るであろう。例えば、発明は、内視鏡の応用に特に適合されるが、開手術におけるこの発明の多数の応用が、見いだされることは十分に可能であると考えられる。さらに、末端効果器が、内視鏡直線カッターに関連して記載されたが、多数の末端効果器構成が、使用され、次のクレイムの範囲内に入ることは容易に明らかになる。
【0046】
本発明の主なる特徴及び態様は以下のとおりである。
【0047】
1.a)カートリッジ締め付け表面と、該カートリッジ締め付け表面に隣接した近位端部における整合溝を埋め込んだカートリッジ整合表面とを有する細長いステープルカートリッジと、
b)該カートリッジ締め付け表面に面するアンビル締め付け表面と、該アンビル締め付け表面に隣接した近位端部における突出する一対の離間整合リブを含むアンビル整合表面とを有する細長いアンビルとを具備し、
該細長いアンビルは、該カートリッジ及びアンビル締め付け表面が組織の挿入のために互いに離間された後方位置から、該カートリッジ及びアンビル締め付け表面が組織の締め付けのために互いに隣接した前方位置へ、該細長いステープルカートリッジに関して可動であり、該細長いアンビルが、該後方位置から該前方位置に移動された時、該アンビル整合表面における該整合リブは、該カートリッジ整合表面における該整合溝内に収容され、摺動する外科用ステープリング器具。
【0048】
2.該細長いステープルカートリッジの該カートリッジ締め付け及び整合表面が、カートリッジナイフスロットを埋め込み、該カートリッジナイフスロットが、該カートリッジ整合表面において埋め込まれた該整合溝内に埋め込まれる上記1に記載の器具。
【0049】
3.該細長いアンビルの該アンビル締め付け及び整合表面が、アンビルナイフスロットを埋め込み、該アンビルナイフスロットが、該離間整合リブの間に位置する上記2に記載の器具。
【0050】
4.該細長いアンビルが、該アンビル締め付け表面の近位端部において一対の外側組織止めを配設し、該細長いアンビルが該前方位置にある時、該外側組織止めは、該カートリッジ締め付け表面の近位端部に隣接して該細長いカートリッジにまたがる上記3に記載の器具。
【0051】
5.該外側組織止めの各々が、止め前縁を有し、該整合リブの各々が、リブ前縁を有し、該止め前縁が、該リブ前縁の遠位に位置する上記4に記載の器具。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】内視鏡直線カッターである、発明の最も好ましい手術器具の斜視図である。
【図2】直線カッターの末端効果器の分解斜視図である。
【図3】直線カッターの末端効果器の組立て斜視図である。
【図4】後方位置におけるプッシャー部材と身体組織を収容するための開位置におけるあごを含む末端効果器の組立て斜視図である。
【図5】前方位置におけるプッシャー部材と身体組織を締め付けるために閉位置におけるあごを含む末端効果器の組立て斜視図である。
【図6】取り除かれたプッシャー部材に対して成形フレームの上半分とアクチュエ−タの上半分を有する内視鏡直線カッターの側面図である。器具は、あごを開位置にして示される。遠位端部は、明瞭性のために短縮された。
【図7】取り除かれたプッシャー部材に対して成形フレームの上半分とアクチュエ−タの上半分を有する内視鏡直線カッターの側面図である。器具は、締付けトリガを圧縮させ、発火トリガを発火位置において示される。従って、器具は、あごを閉位置にして示される。遠位端部は、明瞭性のために短縮された。
【図8】カートリッジ経路において正しく込められたステープルカートリッジとアンビルを含む外科用締結組立品の形式における内視鏡直線カッターのための好ましい末端効果器の斜視図である。
【図9】図8に例示されたカートリッジ経路の平面図である。
【図10】明瞭性のために前壁の左端部分が取り壊された、図9のカートリッジ経路の側面図である。
【図11】図10の線11−11に沿って取ったカートリッジ経路の端部図である。
【図12】図8に例示されたステープルカートリッジの平面図である。
【図13】図12のステープルカートリッジの側面図である。
【図14】図13の線14−14に沿って取ったステープルカートリッジの端面図である。
【図15】アンビルが組織の締め付けから負荷を受けた時、図8に例示されたアンビルの側面図である。負荷が存在しない時、アンビルの形状は、仮線で示される。
【図16】図15のアンビルの底面図である。
【図17】図15の線17−17に沿って取った断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10 カッター
11 フレーム
12 シヤフト
13 効果器
15 アクチユエータ
16 ハンドル
17 トリガ
Claims (1)
- a)カートリッジ締め付け表面(74)と、該カートリッジ締め付け表面(74)に隣接した近位端部における、整合溝(77)を埋め込んだカートリッジ整合表面(73)とを有する細長いステープルカートリッジ(70)と、
b)該カートリッジ締め付け表面(74)に面するアンビル締め付け表面(79)と、該アンビル締め付け表面(79)に隣接した近位端部における、突出する一対の離間整合リブ(80)を含むアンビル整合表面(78)とを有する細長いアンビル(72)とを具備し、
該細長いアンビル(72)は、該カートリッジ及びアンビル締め付け表面(74、79)が組織の挿入のために互いに離間された後方位置から、該カートリッジ及びアンビル締め付け表面(74、79)が組織の締め付けのために互いに隣接した前方位置へ、該細長いステープルカートリッジ(70)に関して可動であり、該細長いアンビル(72)が、該後方位置から該前方位置に移動された時、該アンビル整合表面(78)における該整合リブ(80)は、該カートリッジ整合表面(73)における該整合溝(77)内に収容され、摺動し、
該細長いアンビル(72)が、該アンビル締め付け表面(79)の近位端部において一対の外側組織止め具(87)を有し且つ該アンビルの整合リブの対に前縁(89)を有し、そして各外側組織止め具(87)は、止め前縁(88)を有し、該前縁(89)と組み合わせて該アンビルとカートリッジの締付け表面の近位の組織のミルキングを縮小又は防止し、該細長いアンビル(72)が該前方位置にある時、該外側組織止め具(87)は、該カートリッジ締め付け表面(74)の近位端部に隣接して該細長いカートリッジ(70)にまたがることを特徴とする外科用ステープリング器具。
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JPH10113351A JPH10113351A (ja) | 1998-05-06 |
JP4044653B2 true JP4044653B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 |
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JP26294197A Expired - Lifetime JP4044653B2 (ja) | 1996-09-12 | 1997-09-11 | 外科用締付け機構 |
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EP (1) | EP0829235B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4044653B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU716012B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2215636C (ja) |
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-
1996
- 1996-09-12 US US08/713,055 patent/US5814055A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-09-03 AU AU36808/97A patent/AU716012B2/en not_active Expired
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- 1997-09-11 DE DE69722540T patent/DE69722540T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-11 EP EP97307051A patent/EP0829235B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-11 ES ES97307051T patent/ES2201248T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-11 JP JP26294197A patent/JP4044653B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE69722540T2 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
CA2215636A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
EP0829235B1 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
EP0829235A1 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
AU716012B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
JPH10113351A (ja) | 1998-05-06 |
DE69722540D1 (de) | 2003-07-10 |
ES2201248T3 (es) | 2004-03-16 |
US5814055A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
AU3680897A (en) | 1998-03-19 |
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