JP4037550B2

JP4037550B2 - Method for producing fertilizer or soil amendment using livestock excreta

Info

Publication number: JP4037550B2
Application number: JP37865398A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 稔中野渡
Original assignee: 有限会社シワ保全
Priority date: 1998-12-22
Filing date: 1998-12-22
Publication date: 2008-01-23
Anticipated expiration: 2018-12-22
Also published as: JP2000185988A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の目的】
この発明は、肥料や土壌改良材として有力な有機質資材でありながら、未だ効率的な処理のための有効な手段が講じられていない家畜排泄物、特に含有水分量の多い生豚糞、生牛糞等を利用して得られる、殆ど無臭に近く、しかも取り扱いに秀れた粒状化してなる新規な家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造方法を提供しようとするものであり、併せて、家畜排泄物の円滑な処理をなし得るようにすることにより、それらによる公害対策としても寄与することが可能となるようにしようとするものである。
【０００２】
【従来技術】
工業生産を中心に、我が国の経済力は飛躍的な発展を遂げ、世界経済全体の中で均衡を欠く程の状況となっていることから、その是正策として建設、金融をはじめとした各種市場の解放が求められていて、その結果、農産物市場の解放についても次第に外圧が強まり、既に一部農産物について市場解放を実施し、今後も米など我が国の食料事情にも影響を及ぼし兼ねない各種農産物についても、その自由化が求められてくることは必死の情勢となってきている。
こうした厳しい環境から、今後の農産技術は、外国から入り込んでくるであろう安価で豊富な農産物に対し、十分に対抗し得るだけの特色ある効率的な農産物作りが不可欠であり、我が国農家のより一層の奮起が必要となってくる。
【０００３】
一方、消費者側では、このような市場の変化から、豊富な食料に恵まれて食糧事情が良くなると共に、個々人の健康管理についての意識が高まってきていて、有害食品に対する評価が極めて厳しくなり、従前までのような増産のための化学肥料や農薬に頼った農作物が敬遠され、可能な限り自然農法によって生産された農作物を買い求めようとする傾向が強まってきており、豊富且つ安価であるとはいえ、その実態の知れない輸入農作物に対する不安から、国内のそれも自然農法である有機農法生産による農作物に大きな期待を寄せ、この傾向はより強まるものと予想されることから、それに応えるだけの力のある農家には、今後十分な需要が見込まれ、奮起に値するだけの明るい展望も予想されている。
【０００４】
質的向上を果たすための農産技術として、これまで圃場に大量に投与され続けてきた化学肥料および農薬の蓄積による弊害、即ち、地力低下を如何に改善するか、そのための有効な肥料や土壌改良材を如何に安く手に入れていくかという課題は、極めて重大な関心事となっており、そのため、かって化学肥料や農薬に頼っていなかった時代に主流を成していた堆肥に代表される有機質肥料や土壌改良材が再び注目され始めてきていて、最近では、かっての堆肥のように、藁や牧草等の有機質繊維に家畜の生糞を混入して自然発酵させただけのもので、悪臭を伴い、取り扱いの悪い有機質肥料ではなく、例えば、コンポストのように、都市廃棄物としての家庭台所ゴミ、あるいは下水処理場や屎尿処理場から出る汚泥等を原料として作り出したコンポストのように、殆ど無臭に近く、ペレット化して取り扱い上にも秀れたものも提供され、それらを積極的に取り入れる農家も増え続けている。
【０００５】
しかし、このコンポストに代表されるような有機質肥料や土壌改良材の場合には、その多くが大型プラントによる生産となっているため、最終製品としての単価の点に問題があって、大量に使用しなければならない農家にとっては負担が掛かり過ぎる等の理由もあり、必ずしも効果的な肥料ないし土壌改良材となるところまでには至っておらず、したがって、どちらかといえば、汚泥処理のための公害対策用手段として機能している観が強く、その副次的な最終製品として肥料ないし土壌改良材となるコンポストが作り出されているというのが実態といわざるを得ないような状況である。
【０００６】
しかも、この汚泥等の処理をする公害対策用として導入されているとはいうものの、家畜等の生糞は、今のところ、コンポストの原料資材としてその対象となってはおらず、したがって、畜産農業の盛んな東北・北海道地域等では、家畜等の生糞のための処理施設に多大の経費を投入しなければならず、経営基盤の弱い畜産農家にあっては、基準どおりの施設を持たないままの経営を続けざるを得ず、結果として辺りに生糞公害を巻き起こし、社会問題化してしまうといったようなケースも頻発している。
【０００７】
この発明は、以上のような状況、即ち、有機質肥料ないしは土壌改良材に対する価値評価の変化、およびそれらのための有効な原料資材である筈の生糞の未活用の実態、ならびに畜産農家の糞尿処理のための負担増等といった現状に鑑み、家畜排泄物、特に含有水分量の多い生豚糞、生牛糞等の処理、活用という課題を取り上げ、逸早く開発、研究に着手し、長年に亘って試行錯誤と実験とを繰り返してきた結果、遂にその成果を得るに至ったものであり、畜産農家から家畜排泄物を継続的且つ集中的に引き取り、一括処理して有機質肥料化あるいは土壌改良材化したり、大規模畜産農家においては、農家自らがそれを導入して家畜排泄物を有機質肥料化あるいは土壌改良材化することも可能であって、しかも、得られる有機質肥料あるいは土壌改良材は、極めて良質の有効成分からなるものとなって圃場に見合った地力の回復を図ることができ、丈夫で無公害の作物作りに威力を発揮することができるようになる新規な家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造方法を提供しようとするものであり、以下では、代表的な幾つかの実施例と共に、その構成の詳細を説示していくこととする。
【０００８】
【発明の構成】
この発明の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造方法は、基本的に以下のとおりの構成を要旨としている。即ち、
［第１工程］
堆肥化したオガ屑等の有機繊維材や、一次処理済み家畜排泄物等のような発酵過程にある有機質資材を、屋内コンクリート床上に４０〜５０ｃｍ厚程度に略平らに広げ、その上から家畜の生排泄物だけを毎回略０．０１ｍ ^３／ｍ ^２前後の割合となるよう略均質に散布、供給しながら、略８０回／分程度の回転数でロータリー爪を回転させながら略７０ｍ／ｈ程度の速度で低速進行する撹拌を１回／日、略３０日間に渡って繰り返すことにより、強制発酵させて含水率２５〜２８％程度となった一次処理排泄物を作り出す工程。
【０００９】
［第２工程］
屋内コンクリート床上に略平らに広げられたままの第１工程終了後の一次処理排泄物に対し、対象作物に適した割合で植物肥料三要素の一つを添加した上、生糞の供給はしないで、さらに１回／日の撹拌を略１０日間程度に渡って継続することにより、半ば粒状化してなる二次処理排泄物とする工程。
【００１０】
［第３工程］
それら粒状化された二次処理排泄物を屋根付き堆積場に山積み堆積し、自然通風環境下に放置して熟成発酵させ、その発酵熱が７０℃を越えない段階に１回の切り返しを実施し、その間の発酵熱で含有水分を強制発散させる工程。
【００１１】
［第４工程］
以下、同様に発酵熱が７０℃を越えない段階に１回の切り返しを実施し、その間の自己発熱よって含有水分を徐々に強制発散させる工程を、最終的に含水率２０％以下となるまでの略３〜６ケ月間に渡って適宜回数だけ繰り返すことにより、完全に発酵熟成すると共に、一時的に発酵を強制停止した状態の三次処理排泄物を得るようにする工程。
以上、第１ないし４工程によって製造する構成を要旨とする家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造方法である。
【００１２】
一次処理排泄物は、先ず、有機質資材、例えば、オガクズやカンナクズ、樹皮片等といった木質系の有機素材の外、藁や牧草、米ヌカ等を、屋内コンクリート床上に４０〜５０ｃｍ厚程度に略平らに敷き広げた上、糞尿や適宜発酵促進剤を散布する等して発酵を促し、かなりの程度にまで堆肥化した所定深さの発酵床を予め用意した後、それに家畜の生糞だけを毎回略均質に散布、供給しながら１回／日の撹拌を略３０日間に渡って繰り返し、強制発酵させることにより、その発酵過程で水分がかなりの程度蒸発して含水率で２５〜２８％程度となり、黒変した泥状物質となった性状のものを指している。したがって、この発明による家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造工程が稼働し始めてからは、改めてオガクズやカンナクズ等といった有機質資材からの発酵床作りは必要とせず、この一次処理排泄物となったものの一部、所定量だけを次の二次処理排泄物に回し、残りを発酵床にしていくようにすることにより、オがクズやカンナクズ等を使った発酵床作りを省略したままで、永久にこの発明の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材を得るようにすることもできる。
【００１３】
二次処理排泄物は、三次処理排泄物、即ち、この発明の肥料または土壌改良材とするための前段階の性状のもので、上記した一次処理排泄物（既述のとおり、その全てを対象にするとは限らず、その中の所定量だけを対象とし、その余は、そのまま発酵床として残し、再び生糞だけを供給するものになる場合も含む。）に、対象作物に適した割合で植物肥料三要素、即ち窒素、燐酸、カリの一つが添加された上、略１０日間程度、生糞の供給なしで１回／日の撹拌だけを継続することにより、不均一ではあるものの粒状化した性状のものとして得られ、それらは、三次処理排泄物とするために、それまでの屋内から屋根付き堆積場に移されることになる。
【００１４】
三次処理排泄物は、完全に発酵熟成すると共に、一時的に発酵を強制停止させた含水率２０％以下で、かなり平均化した粒状物となった、この発明の肥料または土壌改良材となるものであり、大きさ、形ともまちまちで必ずしも平均化しておらず、団塊状のものも多く含む状態の先の二次処理排泄物を、雨水を防止できる屋根付き堆積場に山積み堆積し、自然通風環境下に放置したままで熟成発酵させ、その発酵熱が７０℃に達して有効な微生物を死滅させ、効果的な微生物分解作用を阻害して適正にセルロース分解期が経過しなくなってしまう前の段階（時節の違いや、同時期でも天候によっても左右されるが、１０ないし１５日間程度の間隔）を見計らって、そのタイミングに１回の切り返しを３〜６ケ月間（含有水分が略２０％以下、望ましくは１６％程度に達し、一時的に発酵を停止した状態になるまでの期間）に渡って繰り返すことにより、その間に自らの発酵熱で含有水分を強制発散させると共に、大きい粒度のものを自然崩壊させ、できるだけ平均化した粒度のものになるようにして得られる。
【００１５】
なお、この三次処理排泄物は、この発明の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材としてそのまま提供しても勿論差支えはないが、その取り扱い上、あるいは製品化上の都合から、一旦篩に掛けてより粒度を平均化してから所定量毎袋詰めして提供するようにし、除かれた所定粒度以下のものは、オガクズやカンナクズ等といった有機質資材の発酵床作りに回したり、家畜排泄物や一次処理排泄物の中に混入使用することになる。
【００１６】
また、この発明の家畜排泄物は、特に家畜の種類を特定するものではなく、鶏糞、牛糞、豚糞その他であって、畜舎から回収した直後の生糞をそのまま、即ち水分調整等特別な調整処理を何等施すことなく用いる。但し、その種類、あるいは同種の生糞でも季節の違い等によって一次処理排泄物とする際の散布量が適宜最適量となるよう調整されることはいうまでもない。
【００１７】
第１工程における家畜の生排泄物だけの略均質に散布、供給は、屋内コンクリート床上に４０〜５０ｃｍ厚程度に略平らに広げ、堆肥化したオガ屑等の有機繊維材や、一次処理済み家畜排泄物等のような発酵過程にある有機質資材の上から、毎回略０．０１ｍ ^３／ｍ ^２前後の割合となるようにして実施されるようにし、それと同時に略８０回／分程度の回転数でロータリー爪を回転させながら略７０ｍ／ｈ程度の速度で低速進行するようにした撹拌を、１回／日の割合で略３０日間に渡って繰り返し実行していくやりかたを標準とし、それら家畜生糞の単位面積当たりの散布量、ロータリー爪の回転数と進行速度、およびそれらの相対的な関係は、生糞の種類、即ち家畜の種類、水分の多寡、時節の違い等による気温差等の要素に応じ、前記した標準的な値から適宜増減調節して、その過程における生糞の強制発酵が理想的に進行するよう管理していき、その含水率［水分／（固体＋水分）］で２５〜２８％前後、望ましくは２６％前後の値にまで達し、異臭の発散が殆ど無くなる状態を以て発酵程度を判断する目安とすることにより、効率的に一次処理排泄物を作り出すようにすべきである。
【００１８】
第２工程では、上記第１工程終了後の一次処理排泄物を、そのまま屋内コンクリート床上に略平らに広げた状態としておき、対象作物に適した割合で植物肥料三要素、即ち窒素、燐酸、カリの一つを添加した上、全く生糞の供給はしないで、さらに１回／日の撹拌を略１０日間程度に渡って継続することにより、半ば粒状化、即ち粒の大きさ、形とも不揃いである上、団塊状のものも含む等、やや柔らかめの泥状化してなる二次処理排泄物を形成する。
なお、植物肥料三要素を添加しないで二次処理排泄物を形成する場合にも、生糞供給なしの１回／日、略１０日間程度に渡る撹拌は、次の第３工程に移行する前処理工程として必ず必要とする。
【００１９】
この第２工程で得られた二次処理排泄物は、引き続き、第３工程として、それまでの屋内から屋根付き堆積場にパワーショベルその他の機械器具を使って移送され、当該屋根付き堆積場において山積み堆積され、自然通風環境下に放置したままで熟成発酵させ、その発酵熱が７０℃を越えない段階（時節違いや同一時期でも気温、風量等の違いで異なる。）に１回の切り返しを実施し、その間の発酵熱で含有水分を強制発散させる。この切り返しのタイミングを間違い、早すぎれば熟成発酵に時間が掛かり過ぎて効率的な製造をできなくし、また、遅すぎれば、有効な微生物を死滅させ、何時まで経っても熟成発酵が進まず、腐敗してしまうことから、温度管理を怠らないようにする必要がある。
【００２０】
以下、同様に発酵熱が７０℃を越えない段階に１回の切り返しを実施し、その間の自己発熱よって含有水分を徐々に強制発散させる工程を、最終的に含水率２０％以下となるまで略３〜６ケ月間程度の期間（時節違いや同一時期でも気温、風量等の違い等の要因に大きく左右される。）に渡って適宜回数だけ繰り返す第４工程により、完全に発酵熟成した後、水分低下によって一時的に発酵を強制停止した状態となり、全体的に均質化した粒状の三次処理排泄物、即ちこの発明の肥料または土壌改良材を完成する。
【００２１】
この後、必要に応じて、上記のようにして得られた三次処理排泄物を篩にかけ、３〜１０ｍｍ程度の粒度、望ましくは略５ｍｍ前後のものに揃え、肥料または土壌改良材として取り扱い易くなるようにすると共に、製品としての取り扱いがし易いよう、通気孔を設けた１０キログラム、１５キログラム、……等といった所定単位毎の定量袋に充填、封入するようにした第５工程を加わえ、定量毎袋詰めした家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材を製造するようにすることもできる。
【００２２】
【作用効果】
以上のように、この発明の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造方法は、家畜排泄物、特に含有水分量の多い豚、牛等の糞尿を、生糞のまま何等の前処理をすることなく直接一次処理排泄物に散布、供給するという工程を経て製造することができることから、先ず何よりも東北、北海道地域に多い畜産農家の糞尿処理対策に極めて大きく貢献することができ、この発明の製造方法による公設、私設の大掛かりな処理場を建設し、そこに周辺畜産農家からの糞尿を運搬、集中して処理するか、あるいは施設そのものもそれ程高価なものとならないことから、畜産農家自らが、発生する糞尿に応じた比較的小規模のこの発明の製造方法による処理場を畜舎に近接して建設し、日々糞尿の処理を実施してしまうようにするかして、何等近隣住民に迷惑を掛けることもなく糞尿処理を可能にするものであり、したがって、従前からの課題となっていた家畜排泄物による公害問題を一挙に解決できるという大きな特徴を有している。
【００２３】
しかも、その製造工程において、生糞尿の散布、攪拌をする第１工程はもとよりのこと、植物肥料三要素の混合をする第２工程とも、コンクリート床を有する建屋内において機械化して実施することができるため、処理作業は極めて小人数の作業者によって効率的に実施でき、その過程で悪臭を周辺に撒き散らす虞がない上、強制発酵させられる結果、早期の中に悪臭自体も消滅して略１ケ月程度の極めて短期間を経過させた後には、雨水を防止できる屋根付き堆積場に山積み堆積しても、何等悪臭の問題を生ずることもなく、自然通風環境下に放置したまま、温度管理による切り返しを機械的に繰り返していって、その含水率を目安に熟成発酵程度の確認をしながら所定期間を経過しさえすれば、確実に高品質の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造が可能になるという簡便且つ効率的な製造法となっており、上記のように糞尿処理に大いに役立ちながら、加えて家畜排泄物という極めて有用な資材から安価で高品質の肥料または土壌改良材が比較的短期間の中に生産できることとなって、畜産農家にとっては二重の経済効果がもたらされ、農家経営を安定させる上で大いに役立つことになるという秀れた効果が得られることになる。
【００２４】
一方、こうして得られたこの発明の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材は、家畜排泄物という極めて有効な有機質資材から直接発酵、熟成させたものとなって極めて肥料成分に富み、しかも目的に応じて植物肥料三要素の一つが適宜選択的に配合されたものになる上、大量且つ安定した生産が可能であって、しかも従前からの有機質肥料や土壌改良材に比較してもかなり安価に供給できることから、それまでの化学肥料の使い過ぎによる地力の衰えを回復させ、自由化された農産物に対抗するための高品質、無農薬農産物の効率的生産が迫られている各種生産農家にとって、極めて有用且つ安全なものとして手軽に受け入れ、使用することを可能にし、その結果、有用微生物の積極的な持ち込み効果、硫化水素や地中有害ガス発生の防止効果、リン酸の固定化防止効果、窒素の固定、菌増殖効果等がもたらされ、土壌改良が円滑に進み、植物成育のための秀れた肥料効果が大いに期待できるものとなり、生産農家の意欲向上に繋がっていくものと考えられる。
【００２５】
さらに、この肥料または土壌改良剤は、殆ど無臭であって、一時的に発酵停止状況とした手頃な乾燥状態で粒状のものに形成され、しかもその取り扱いがし易いよう所定量毎に袋詰めしたものとして提供可能となることから、農地への散布作業にとっては勿論のこと、保管、管理等といった面での取り扱いに際しても極めて都合の良いものになるという特徴も加わって、農産物輸入の自由化という厳しい局面に対しても、十分に競争力ある作物作りの可能性が保証されるという秀れた効果を奏することにもなる。
【００２６】
叙述の如く、この発明の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造方法は、厄介者とされてきた家畜排泄物の取り扱いを画期的に改善し得たものになっているだけではなく、それを有効活用して極めて高品質の有機質肥料または土壌改良材とすることに成功したものであり、したがって、公害対策技術としても高い評価がなされると共に、生産農家の各種育成作物の生産効率を高めるための有効な手段としても欠くことができない極めて有用なものとして、広くそれら農家に受け入れられ、普及するものになると予想され、また、農家以外の人々にとっても、例えば、園芸用の土作りに使用したり、台所から出る生ゴミ処理用に採用することができる外、ゴルフ場の芝の健全な生育、管理にも役立つものと考えられ、各方面で大いにその威力を発揮するものになるといえる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
図面は、この発明の家畜排泄物による肥料または土壌改良材の製造方法の代表的な実施例を示すものである。[0001]
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an organic material that is effective as a fertilizer and soil improver, yet has not yet been provided with effective means for efficient treatment, particularly live pig feces and raw cattle feces with high water content. It is intended to provide a method for producing fertilizer or soil amendment using a new livestock excretion that is almost odorless and is excellent in handling. By enabling the smooth processing of excrement, it is intended to be able to contribute as pollution countermeasures.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the center of industrial production, Japan's economic strength has made rapid progress, since it has become a degree of situation that lacks balance in the entire world economy, construction as the corrective measures, beginning with the various market financial release is not being sought, its result, gradually intensified external pressure also for the release of the agricultural products market, already some agricultural products market release was carried out for, not doubles also affect Japan's food situation, such as the United States in the future various agricultural products The need for liberalization has become a desperate situation.
Given this harsh environment, it is essential for future agricultural technology to produce unique and efficient agricultural products that can sufficiently compete against cheap and abundant agricultural products that will come from abroad. More inspiration is needed.
[0003]
On the other hand, consumers are blessed with abundant food and the food situation has improved, and awareness of health management for individuals has increased, and the evaluation of harmful foods has become extremely strict. Agricultural crops that depend on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase production as before have been shunned, and there is an increasing tendency to purchase crops produced by natural farming as much as possible. No. However, because of concerns about imported crops that are unclear, there are high expectations for crops produced by organic farming, which is also a natural farming method in Japan. Farmers with a lot of demand are expected to have enough demand in the future, and a bright outlook that is worthy of inspiration is expected.
[0004]
Agricultural technology to achieve qualitative improvement, how to improve the adverse effects of accumulation of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that have been administered in large quantities in the field until now, that is, how to reduce the decline in geological power, effective fertilizer and soil improvement for that purpose The issue of how to get timber cheaply has become a very important concern, so it is represented by compost that has become mainstream in the days when it did not rely on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Organic fertilizers and soil improvers have begun to attract attention again, and recently, just like natural compost, natural fermented livestock feces are mixed with organic fibers such as straw and pasture, Instead of organic fertilizer with bad odor and poor handling, for example, household kitchen waste as compost, or sludge from sewage treatment plants and manure treatment plants was produced as raw materials. As of composting, almost close to the odorless, those were also Xiu is on the handling and pelletized is also provided, and continues increasing number of farmers to incorporate them actively.
[0005]
However, in the case of organic fertilizers and soil amendments represented by this compost, many of them are produced by large plants, so there is a problem in unit price as a final product, and they are used in large quantities. There are also reasons such as overloading the farmers who have to do so, and it has not necessarily reached the point where it becomes an effective fertilizer or soil conditioner. Therefore, if anything, pollution countermeasures for sludge treatment It is a situation that has a strong view of functioning as a means of use, and that the compost that is used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner has been produced as a secondary final product.
[0006]
Moreover, although it has been introduced for pollution control that treats sludge, etc., live feces such as livestock are not currently targeted as compost raw materials. In the thriving Tohoku / Hokkaido area, a large amount of money must be invested in treatment facilities for livestock and other livestock excrement, and livestock farmers with weak management bases do not have facilities as standard There are many cases where it is necessary to continue management as it is, and as a result, it causes live feces pollution and becomes a social problem.
[0007]
The present invention provides the above situation, that is, changes in the value evaluation for organic fertilizers or soil conditioners, the actual state of unused raw manure that is an effective raw material for them, and the excrement of livestock farmers In light of the current situation such as increased burden for treatment, we took up the issue of treatment and utilization of livestock excrement, especially raw pig feces and raw cattle feces with a high water content, and quickly started development and research, over many years As a result of repeated trial and error and experimentation, we finally obtained the results. We continuously and intensively collected livestock excreta from livestock farmers and processed them collectively into organic fertilizer or soil improvement materials. In large-scale livestock farmers, it is possible for farmers themselves to introduce it into livestock excreta to make organic fertilizer or to improve soil, and to obtain organic fertilizer or壌改Ryozai to a novel livestock will be able to demonstrate a very good quality Become shall consist of the active ingredient can be achieved the recovery of soil fertility commensurate with the field, power to the crop making strong and pollution-free The present invention is intended to provide a method for producing fertilizer or soil amendment using excrement , and in the following, details of the configuration will be explained together with some typical examples.
[0008]
[Structure of the invention]
The manufacturing method of the fertilizer or soil improvement material by the livestock excrement of this invention makes the summary the following structures fundamentally. That is,
[First step]
Spread organic fiber material such as composted sawdust and organic materials in the fermentation process such as primary livestock excrement on the indoor concrete floor to a thickness of about 40-50cm, and from there About 70 m / h while rotating the rotary claw at about 80 times / minute while sprinkling and supplying only the live excretion approximately uniformly at a rate of about 0.01 m ³ / m ² each time A step of creating primary treated excrement having a moisture content of about 25 to 28% by forced fermentation by repeating stirring at a low speed of 1 time / day for approximately 30 days .
[0009]
[Second step]
One of the three elements of plant fertilizer is added to the primary treatment excrement after the completion of the first step, which has been spread almost flat on the indoor concrete floor, and no raw manure is supplied. Then, the step of making the secondary treatment excrement formed into a semi-granularized material by further agitating once / day for about 10 days.
[0010]
[Third step]
These granulated secondary treatment wastes are piled up in a covered sedimentation area, left standing in a naturally ventilated environment, matured and fermented, and turned over once when the fermentation heat does not exceed 70 ° C. The process of forcibly releasing the contained water with the heat of fermentation during that time.
[0011]
[Fourth step]
In the same manner, the process of performing turnover once in a stage where the heat of fermentation does not exceed 70 ° C. and gradually forcibly releasing the contained moisture by self-heating during that time until the moisture content is finally 20% or less. A process of obtaining a tertiary treatment excretion in a state where fermentation is completely fermented and matured, and fermentation is forcibly stopped temporarily, by repeating as many times as appropriate over approximately 3 to 6 months.
The above is a method for producing fertilizer or soil amendment using livestock excrement having the structure produced by the first to fourth steps.
[0012]
Firstly, the waste from primary treatment is made from organic materials such as sawdust, cannabis, and bark pieces, as well as straw, grass, rice bran, etc., on an indoor concrete floor, approximately 40-50 cm thick. In addition to spreading fertilizer and appropriate fermentation promoters to promote fermentation and preparing a fermentation bed of a predetermined depth composted to a considerable extent, only live animal feces are added to it each time. By repeating the stirring once / day for about 30 days while spraying and supplying almost homogeneously, by forced fermentation, water is evaporated to a considerable extent during the fermentation process, and the water content becomes about 25 to 28%. , Refers to those that have turned into black mud. Therefore, after the manufacturing process of fertilizer or soil amendment using livestock excreta according to the present invention has started, it is not necessary to make a fermented bed from organic materials such as sawdust and cannabis, and this primary processing excrement has become. A part of the thing, only a predetermined amount is turned to the next secondary treatment excrement, and the rest is made into a fermentation bed. Moreover, the fertilizer or soil improvement material by the livestock excrement of this invention can also be obtained.
[0013]
The secondary treatment waste is the tertiary treatment waste, that is, the property of the previous stage for making the fertilizer or soil amendment material of the present invention. It is not necessarily limited to a certain amount, and only the predetermined amount is targeted, and the remainder is left as a fermentation bed, and only raw stool is supplied again.) By adding one of the three elements of plant fertilizer, ie, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, and continuing stirring only once / day for about 10 days without supplying raw feces, granulation of non-uniform material They will be transferred to the roofed sedimentation area from the previous indoors for tertiary treatment waste.
[0014]
The tertiary treatment excrement is a fertilizer or soil conditioner according to the present invention that has been completely fermented and matured, and has become a granular material that is considerably averaged at a moisture content of 20% or less in which fermentation is temporarily stopped. Naturally ventilated by depositing the waste from the secondary treatment in a state where the size and shape vary and are not necessarily averaged, and also contain a large amount of nodules in a covered sedimentation area where rainwater can be prevented. Aged and fermented while left in the environment, the heat of fermentation reaches 70 ℃, kills effective microorganisms , inhibits the effective microbial degradation action, before the cellulose degradation period has not passed properly Estimate the stage (depending on the time of the day, the weather at the same time, or the interval of about 10 to 15 days), and switch once for 3 to 6 months at that timing (water content is about 20%) Less than, Desirably, it reaches about 16% and is repeated over a period until the fermentation is temporarily stopped), so that the moisture contained in it is forcibly diffused by its own heat of fermentation and a large particle size is naturally removed. It is obtained by disintegrating and obtaining a particle size averaged as much as possible.
[0015]
Of course, this tertiary treatment excrement can be provided as it is as a fertilizer or soil improver from the livestock excrement of the present invention, but for the convenience of handling or commercialization, it is temporarily sieved. The average particle size is further averaged and then packed in a predetermined amount to be provided, and the removed ones below the predetermined particle size are used for making fermented beds of organic materials such as sawdust and cannabis, livestock excrement and primary treatment It will be mixed and used in excreta.
[0016]
Further, the livestock excrement of the present invention does not particularly specify the type of livestock, but is chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung, etc., and the live dung immediately after being collected from the barn is used as it is, that is, special adjustment such as moisture adjustment. Used without any treatment. However, it is needless to say that the application amount of the same type or the same type of live feces is appropriately adjusted to the optimum amount when used as the primary treatment excrement depending on the season.
[0017]
In the first step, only the livestock excretion of livestock is distributed almost uniformly, and the supply is spread almost flat on an indoor concrete floor to a thickness of about 40 to 50 cm, and composted organic fiber materials such as sawdust and primary treated livestock. It is carried out at a rate of about 0.01 m ³ / m ² each time from the top of organic materials in the fermentation process such as excrement, and at the same time, the rotation is about 80 times / min. The standard method is to repeat stirring for 30 days at a rate of about 70 m / h while rotating the rotary claw at a speed of about 70 m / h. The amount of application per unit area of live feces, the rotational speed and speed of rotary claws, and the relative relationship between them is the type of live feces, that is, the type of livestock, the amount of water, the temperature difference due to the time difference, etc. Depending on the element before It is adjusted to increase or decrease as appropriate from the standard values described, and is managed so that forced fermentation of raw feces in the process progresses ideally, and its moisture content [moisture / (solid + water)] is 25 to 28%. The primary treatment excrement should be efficiently produced by using as a guideline for judging the degree of fermentation with a state where the value reaches around 26%, preferably around 26% and almost no odor divergence occurs.
[0018]
In the second step, the primary treatment excrement after the completion of the first step is left as it is spread almost flat on the indoor concrete floor, and the plant fertilizer three elements, that is, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, are proportioned to the target crop. In addition to the addition of one of the above, the live feces are not supplied at all, and the agitation is continued for about 10 days for about 10 days. In addition, it forms secondary treatment excrement formed into a slightly softer mud, such as including a nodule.
In addition, even when the secondary treatment excrement is formed without adding the three elements of plant fertilizer, stirring for about 10 days once / day without supplying raw feces is performed before moving to the next third step. Necessary as a processing step.
[0019]
The secondary treatment excrement obtained in the second step is subsequently transferred from the indoors to the covered deposition site using a power shovel or other machinery as the third step. Stacked and fermented while standing in a naturally ventilated environment, with one turnover at a stage where the heat of fermentation does not exceed 70 ° C (differences due to differences in temperature, air volume, etc. even at the same time) It is carried out, and the contained water is forcibly released by the heat of fermentation during that time. If the timing of this turnover is incorrect, if too early, it takes too much time for aging fermentation, making it impossible to produce efficiently, and if it is too late, effective microorganisms are killed, and aging fermentation does not progress even after many hours, Since it will rot, it is necessary to neglect temperature control.
[0020]
Hereinafter, similarly, the process of carrying out one turnover at a stage where the heat of fermentation does not exceed 70 ° C., and gradually forcibly releasing the contained water by self-heating during that time until the water content finally becomes 20% or less. After complete fermentation and ripening in the fourth step, which is repeated as many times as necessary over a period of about 3 to 6 months (depending greatly on factors such as differences in time and temperature, air volume, etc. even at the same time) Fermentation is temporarily stopped due to the decrease in water content, and the particulate tertiary treatment waste, which is homogenized as a whole, that is, the fertilizer or soil conditioner of the present invention is completed.
[0021]
Thereafter, if necessary, the tertiary treatment excrement obtained as described above is sieved, and it is easy to handle it as a fertilizer or a soil conditioner, with a particle size of about 3 to 10 mm, preferably about 5 mm. In addition, in order to make it easy to handle as a product, in addition to the fifth step, which is filled and sealed in a predetermined amount of a quantitative bag such as 10 kg, 15 kg,... It is also possible to produce fertilizer or soil amendment material from livestock excrement packed in a bag every time.
[0022]
[Function and effect]
As described above, the method for producing fertilizer or soil amendment using livestock excrement according to the present invention pretreats livestock excrement, particularly manure such as pigs and cows having a high water content, with raw manure. Since it can be manufactured through the process of directly spraying and supplying to the primary treatment excrement without any problems, first of all, it can greatly contribute to the measures for excrement disposal of livestock farmers in the Tohoku and Hokkaido regions. A public or private large-scale treatment plant is built by the manufacturing method, and manure from the surrounding livestock farmers is transported and concentrated there, or the facilities themselves are not so expensive. , A relatively small treatment plant according to the manufacturing method of the present invention corresponding to the generated manure is constructed close to the barn and the manure is processed every day. Is intended to enable manure treatment without even bother to people, therefore, has a large feature that pollution by livestock excrement, which has been a problem from the previous to be solved at once.
[0023]
Moreover, in the manufacturing process , not only the first process of spreading and stirring raw manure, but also the second process of mixing the three elements of plant fertilizer can be carried out mechanized in a building having a concrete floor. Therefore, the processing work can be carried out efficiently by a very small number of workers, and there is no risk of odors being scattered around the process, and as a result of forced fermentation, the odor itself disappears in an early stage and is abbreviated. After a very short period of about one month, even if piled up in a covered sedimentation area that can prevent rainwater, temperature control is possible without leaving any odor problems and leaving it in a naturally ventilated environment. If the specified period of time has passed while confirming the degree of aging fermentation using the moisture content as a guideline, the fertilizer or It is a simple and efficient production method that makes it possible to produce soil amendments, and it is very useful for manure treatment as described above, and in addition, it is cheap and high-quality fertilizer from extremely useful materials such as livestock excreta or soil improvement material is a fact that can be produced in a relatively in a short period of time, taking to livestock farmers is brought double the economic effect, was Xiu is that will be great help to stabilize the farm management An effect will be obtained.
[0024]
On the other hand, the fertilizer or soil conditioner obtained from the livestock excreta of the present invention obtained in this way is directly fermented and aged from an extremely effective organic material such as livestock excreta and is extremely rich in fertilizer components, and depending on the purpose. In addition, one of the three elements of plant fertilizer is appropriately selectively mixed, and it is possible to produce in large quantities and stably, and it is supplied at a relatively low cost compared to conventional organic fertilizers and soil improvers. It is possible for various producers to recover the decline of geopower caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer and to efficiently produce high-quality, pesticide-free agricultural products to counter liberalized agricultural products. It can be easily accepted and used as a useful and safe product, and as a result, it can effectively bring in useful microorganisms and prevent the generation of hydrogen sulfide and harmful gases in the ground. As a result, phosphoric acid immobilization prevention effect, nitrogen fixation, fungus growth effect, etc. are brought forward, soil improvement proceeds smoothly, and excellent fertilizer effect for plant growth can be greatly expected, This is thought to lead to increased motivation.
[0025]
Furthermore, this fertilizer or soil conditioner is almost odorless, is formed into a granular material in an affordable dry state temporarily suspended, and is packed in bags every predetermined amount for easy handling. Since it can be provided as a product, it will be very convenient for handling in terms of storage, management, etc., as well as spraying work on agricultural land, and it will be a liberalization of imports of agricultural products. Even in difficult situations, it has the excellent effect of guaranteeing the possibility of producing sufficiently competitive crops.
[0026]
As described above, the method for producing fertilizer or soil amendment using livestock excrement of the present invention has not only dramatically improved the handling of livestock excrement that has been regarded as a troublesome person, It has been successfully used to produce extremely high-quality organic fertilizers or soil conditioners. Therefore, it has been highly evaluated as a pollution control technology, and the production efficiency of various cultivated crops by producers has been improved. It is expected that it will be widely accepted and popularized by farmers as an extremely useful tool that is indispensable as an effective means to enhance it, and for non-farmers, for example, to make soil for horticulture. It can be used for the disposal of garbage from the kitchen, and it is also considered useful for the healthy growth and management of golf course turf. It can be said to be the ones to exert force.
[Brief description of the drawings]
The drawings show a typical embodiment of a method for producing a fertilizer or soil amendment using livestock excreta according to the present invention.

Claims

The manufacturing method of the fertilizer or soil improvement material by the livestock excrement characterized by manufacturing by the following 1st thru | or 4 processes.
[First step]
Spread organic fiber material such as composted sawdust and organic materials in the fermentation process such as primary livestock excrement on the indoor concrete floor to a thickness of about 40-50cm, and from there About 70 m / h while rotating the rotary claw at about 80 times / minute while sprinkling and supplying only the live excretion approximately uniformly at a rate of about 0.01 m ³ / m ² each time A step of producing primary treatment excrement having a water content of about 25 to 28% by forced fermentation by repeating agitation that proceeds at a low speed at a speed of about once for about 30 days.
[Second step]
One of the three elements of plant fertilizer is added to the primary treatment excrement after the completion of the first step, which has been spread almost flat on the indoor concrete floor, and no raw manure is supplied. Then, the step of making the secondary treatment excrement formed into a semi-granularized material by further agitating once / day for about 10 days.
[Third step]
These semi-granulated secondary treatment wastes are piled up in a covered sedimentation area, left in a naturally ventilated environment and aged and fermented, and once turned to a stage where the heat of fermentation does not exceed 70 ° C. The process of carrying out and forcibly releasing the contained water with the heat of fermentation during that time.
[Fourth step]
Hereinafter, similarly, the process of carrying out one turnover at a stage where the heat of fermentation does not exceed 70 ° C. , and gradually forcibly releasing the contained water by self-heating during that time until the water content finally becomes 20% or less. A step of obtaining a tertiary treatment excrement in a state where fermentation is completely matured and fermentation is forcibly stopped temporarily by repeating as many times as necessary over a period of about 3 to 6 months.

In the manufacturing method of the fertilizer by the livestock excrement or the soil improvement material of the animal excrement of Claim 1 which consists of a 1st thru | or 4 process, after the 1st process is complete | finished, only the predetermined amount in a primary treatment excrement is sent to a 2nd process, and it remains. The fertilizer or soil from livestock excreta is produced by making the fermented floor waste from organic materials such as sawdust and cannabis, etc. A method for producing an improved material.

After the 4th step, the tertiary treatment excrement is sieved to a particle size of a predetermined size or more, and a 5th step of filling and enclosing a quantitative bag provided with a vent is added. The manufacturing method of the fertilizer or soil improvement material by the livestock excrement in any one of Claim 1 or 2 which manufactured the material.