CN112457136A - Rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112457136A CN112457136A CN202011500026.4A CN202011500026A CN112457136A CN 112457136 A CN112457136 A CN 112457136A CN 202011500026 A CN202011500026 A CN 202011500026A CN 112457136 A CN112457136 A CN 112457136A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- layer
- forage
- turning
- biological fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The biological fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: poultry and livestock manure, human excrement and urine mixture, forage, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, quicklime, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs, wall soil, special plant ash and mushroom bran; the special plant ash comprises the following components: plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shells, bone meal, fish scale meal, monopotassium phosphate and Angel yeast strains. The biological fertilizer disclosed by the invention is harmless and odorless, is rich in active organic matters, and can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops and improve soil; the preparation process is simple to operate, can quickly and thoroughly decompose the materials and kill harmful germs, effectively reduces the production cost and improves the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biological fertilizer is mainly derived from plants and/or animals, and is applied to carbon-containing substances which are used for providing required nutrition for the plants in soil. The biological fertilizer is generally processed from biological substances, animal and plant wastes and plant residues, and macromolecules in the biological fertilizer are decomposed into small molecules through processing, and toxic and harmful substances in the biological fertilizer are eliminated. The biological fertilizer is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, including various organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The wide application of the biological fertilizer can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, improve soil and increase crop yield on one hand; on the other hand, the method can treat animal and plant wastes in a pollution-free way, reduce the use amount of chemical fertilizers, and is beneficial to city beautification and environmental protection.
The traditional biological fertilizer is produced in a full-open fermentation mode, so that odor is easily generated, flies and insects are easily attracted, workshops and environments are polluted, and the fermentation temperature cannot be accurately controlled; the process is complex and the occupied area is large; the fermentation time is long; the automation degree is low, and a large amount of labor is required to be invested; the decomposition is not thorough, harmful bacteria are contained, the crops are easy to be ill, and the quality is not guaranteed. Therefore, the processing of the prior biological fertilizer has the defects of long fermentation period, incomplete decomposition, harmful bacteria content, high cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fast-synthesis, harmless and odorless biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The biological fertilizer disclosed by the invention is harmless and odorless, is rich in active organic matters, and can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops and improve soil; the preparation process is simple to operate, can quickly synthesize the biological fertilizer, thoroughly decompose the materials, kill harmful germs, effectively reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a biological fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: poultry and livestock manure, human excrement and urine mixture, forage, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, quicklime, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs, wall soil, special plant ash and mushroom bran;
the special plant ash comprises the following components: plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shells, bone meal, fish scale meal, monopotassium phosphate and Angel yeast strains.
Preferably, the biological fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-60 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 15-60 parts of forage, 2-3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.2-1.5 parts of gypsum, 0.8-1.5 parts of urea, 0.4-0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.2-1.5 parts of quick lime, 2-3 parts of peanut cake, 2.5-3 parts of vegetable cake, 2.5-3 parts of bean dregs, 15-20 parts of wall soil, 67-87 parts of special plant ash and 15-20 parts of mushroom bran.
Preferably, the livestock manure is selected from one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the human excrement and urine mixture is a mixture of human excrement and urine, and the proportion of the human excrement and urine mixture can be set according to requirements. The human excrement and urine mixture can be selected from student excrement in a campus debris-free collecting and storing tank. The reason is that the feces of students in the campus debris-free collecting and storing pond are easier to collect than those of other places and contain less heavy metals and other living pollutants.
Wherein, a dry-wet separator can be adopted to separate the human excrement and urine mixture and collect the human excrement.
Preferably, the forage is one or more of wheat straw, rice straw and corn stalks.
According to the technical scheme, the wheat straw adopted by the invention is the stem and leaf of Elymus repens (L.) Gould; straw, which is stem and leaf of gramineous plant rice (academic name: Oryza sativa L.) and glutinous rice (academic name: o.sativa l.var.glutinosa Matsum.); the corn stalks are the stalks of corn (with the scientific name: Zea mays L.).
Further preferably, the forage is crushed prior to pre-stacking. Specifically, the grass can be crushed into 6-10 cm by adopting a pricking knife; or crushing the forage into filaments by a crusher.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the wall soil is the soil blocks obtained by crushing the soil wall. The earth wall is generally a wall body formed by tamping clay and straw or mixture of straw, lime and soil, and is generally used for pigsty walls, cowshed walls, toilet walls and old house walls. The wall soil contains some indissolvable phosphorus and potassium compounds, and can be converted into easily-dissolvable quick-acting nutrients through long-term physicochemical action. Meanwhile, sewage, dirt and human and animal excreta in daily life of people infiltrate into soil, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound forms nitric acid through ammoniation and nitrification, and then is combined with potassium, so that nutrition can be provided for crops.
Wall soils with a history of more than 100 years are preferred.
Preferably, the special plant ash comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of plant ash, 50-60 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 0.7-1.4 parts of egg shell, 0.6-1.6 parts of bone powder, 0.7-2 parts of fish scale powder, 0.01-0.05 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6-1 part of Angel yeast strain.
Further preferably, the special plant ash is prepared by the following method:
mixing plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shell, bone powder, fish scale powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Angel yeast strain uniformly, sealing and fermenting to obtain the special plant ash.
Specifically, the special plant ash is prepared by the following method:
(1) collecting turf and leaves on the mountain slope, drying the turf and leaves in the sun for 2-3 days, and burning the turf and leaves into plant ash.
(2) Mixing plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shell, bone powder, fish scale powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Angel yeast strain uniformly, controlling water content at 65% -68%, and piling into round piles.
(3) Fermenting at 60-70 deg.C for 7-10 days, and pulverizing into powder with pulverizer to obtain special plant ash.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the main component of the plant ash is potassium carbonate. The plant ash fertilizer is ash generated by burning plants, and therefore contains almost all elements necessary for plant growth. The plant ash contains potassium element at most, and generally contains 6-12% of potassium, of which more than 90% is water-soluble and exists in the form of carbonate. The plant ash component contains a second most phosphorus element, typically 1.5-3% phosphorus. The plant ash also contains calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other trace nutrient elements. However, the ash content of different plants is different.
The invention makes the nutrient substance of the plant ash more abundant and can be more effectively utilized by plants by preparing the special plant ash. Wherein, in the preparation of the common plant ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is not added. The invention can add potassium dihydrogen phosphate into the special plant ash through the setting of the components and the optimization of the fermentation process.
Preferably, the fungus chaff is vinasse or edible fungus cultivation waste.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(a) pre-stacking: wetting forage and livestock manure by using a human manure and urine mixture respectively;
(b) building a pile: composting the wetted forage; wherein, each pile is made into a forage layer, and a livestock manure layer is applied on the forage layer to obtain the pile; wherein, one or more of human excrement, urea and ammonium bicarbonate are further applied on the livestock excrement layer, wherein the human excrement is separated from a human excrement-urine mixture;
(c) fermentation: after pile building, performing first pile turning, second pile turning and third pile turning on the piles;
wherein, the first turning comprises the following steps:
(1) applying phosphate fertilizer, peanut cake, vegetable cake and bean dregs on the forage layer; applying the layer of livestock manure on the corresponding forage layer in the stacking of the step (b) to the corresponding forage layer;
(2) stacking the Chinese herbal medicine layers in the step (b) in the reverse order to obtain a stack after the first stack turning;
the second turning comprises the following steps:
(3) applying phosphate fertilizer, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs and calcium lime on the forage layer; applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the first turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(4) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the first turning to obtain the compost after the second turning;
the third turning comprises the following steps:
(5) applying gypsum on the forage layer;
(6) applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the second turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(7) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the second turning to obtain the compost after the third turning;
(d) and (3) secondary fermentation: and uniformly mixing the mushroom bran, the wall soil and the special plant ash with the piled material after the third turning, and sealing and fermenting to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Preferably, in step (a), the moisture content of the forage is 55-60%; the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 55-60%.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, in the pre-stacking process, the human excrement and urine mixture is used for respectively wetting forage and livestock excrement.
In particular, wetting forage with human excrement and urine mixture can comprise the following steps:
uniformly applying the human excrement and urine mixture to forage, then performing pre-stacking on the forage, wherein the total height of the stacked forage of the pre-stacking is not more than 2.5 m, 8 layers of forage are stacked, and the human excrement and urine mixture is further applied to every two layers of forage; sealing and fermenting for 2-3 days. Pre-built stacks of forage are typically rectangular stacks.
Specifically, the human excrement and urine mixture is used for wetting the excrement of the livestock, and the following steps can be adopted:
uniformly mixing a human excrement and urine mixture with the livestock excrement, and then pre-stacking the livestock excrement; sealing and fermenting for 2-3 days. The pre-built pile of the livestock manure is generally conical pile.
Preferably, in step (b), the thickness of the grass layer is 15-20 cm; the thickness of the livestock manure layer is 2-3 cm.
Preferably, in step (b), the forage layer and the livestock manure layer are repeatedly piled up in a total of 6-8 layers.
Preferably, a layer of animal manure is further applied on top of the piled material.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, human excrement, urea and ammonium bicarbonate are further added on the livestock and poultry excrement layer, so that the nutrients of the biological fertilizer can be increased, and the fermentation temperature is increased.
Preferably, in step (c), the first heap turnover is carried out 6-7 days after heap building.
Preferably, a layer of animal manure is further applied on top of the pile after the first turn.
Preferably, in step (c), the second turning is performed 5 to 6 days after the first turning.
Preferably, the peanut cake and the rapeseed cake are ground into powder before application.
Preferably, said phosphate fertilizer is selected from calcium superphosphate.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the calcium superphosphate can not only increase the fertilizer amount of the compost, but also accelerate the fermentation speed. Wherein the amount of calcium superphosphate is 0.75-0.8kg per square meter.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the loss of nitrogen can be reduced by adding the calcium superphosphate into the human excrement mixture. This is because the main components of superphosphate are monocalcium phosphate and gypsum, with a small amount of free sulfuric acid. The carbonic acid in the decomposed human excrement mixture can generate ammonium dihydrogen phosphate when meeting monocalcium phosphate, and the free sulfuric acid and gypsum can generate ammonium sulfate when meeting the carbonic acid.
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate are more stable than ammonium carbonate, so that the volatilization of ammonia gas is reduced, and the loss of nitrogen is reduced.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, in the second pile turning, quicklime is applied to the forage layer, the quicklime is used for adjusting the acidity of the pile, and the pH value of the pile is controlled to be 7.5-8.0.
Preferably, a layer of animal manure is further applied on top of the pile after the second turn.
Preferably, in step (c), a third pile turn is performed 5-6 days after the second pile turn.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, in the third turning, gypsum is applied on the grass layer. Gypsum, also known as calcium sulfate, is soluble in water but not very soluble. The gypsum can supplement the nutrient elements of sulfur and calcium required by the growth of crops and can play a role in stabilizing the pH value.
Preferably, a layer of animal manure is further applied on top of the pile after the third turn.
Preferably, the temperature in the middle of the pack is 70-75 ℃.
Preferably, during the pile turning process, an exhaust hole is arranged. The diameter of the vent holes is 7-8cm, and the interval is about 1 meter. Is used for increasing oxygen and accelerating fermentation speed.
Preferably, in the secondary fermentation, the fermentation is carried out for 80 to 120 minutes at 70 to 80 ℃ in a sealed manner.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, in the secondary fermentation, the temperature of the materials is controlled at 70-80 ℃, and the materials are fermented in a sealing way for 80-120 minutes, so that the harmful bacteria and the mosquitoes and flies can be effectively killed, the propagation of germs is avoided, and the insect pests are inhibited. Specifically, the secondary fermentation can be carried out in a sealed manner by adopting an efficient harmless bio-fertilizer fermentation device.
Preferably, the bio-fertilizer is granulated.
Specifically, the granulation of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. pouring the obtained biological fertilizer into a novel compound fertilizer manufacturing granulator for granulation;
2. cooling the biological fertilizer granules to obtain the biological fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm;
3. baking at 60-80 deg.C to make the water content of the biological fertilizer be 40-45%, and packaging the biological fertilizer.
In the baking process, various high-temperature tail gases of the kiln can be fully utilized, so that energy is saved, and the stable product quality is ensured. Therefore, the energy-saving effect can be improved, no pollution is caused, and manual guard is not needed. The material heating and drying device can adopt a dryer (rotary dryer), the material in the rotary cylinder body arranged in the same shaft sleeve is turned back and raised between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body through the helical blades and the discontinuous helical raising plates, and then the product is collected from the lower part of the bottom end.
Generally, the width of the piled material pile is 1-1.5 meters, the height is 1-1.6 meters, and the length is not limited. The material pile should be in the north-south direction, the width of the bottom of the material pile should be consistent with that of the top of the material pile, and the interval between the piles is 60 cm, so that the lighting, ventilation and fermentation are facilitated.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, pile turning is carried out after pile building, wherein pile turning refers to re-piling of the piled materials. During turning, the position of exchanging the materials inside the forage layer with the materials outside the forage layer and the position of exchanging the materials inside the livestock manure layer with the materials outside the forage layer are also included; the materials need to be loosened and uniform so as to promote the uniform mixing and fermentation of the materials.
The water content of the biological fertilizer prepared by the method is 40-45% (when the forage is held by hands, water drops are leached and do not fall), the appearance is dark brown, and the biological fertilizer has no excrement odor and ammonia odor, and the grass excrement is uniformly mixed, loose, finely crushed and has no caking. The forage is moist, glossy and dark brown. The pH value of the biological fertilizer is about 8.0-8.5. White actinomycetes were observed in the dry part of the material.
The invention has the advantages of
(1) The biological fertilizer disclosed by the invention is rich in trace elements including calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, sulfur and the like through selection of components and scientific proportioning of the components, contains rich active organic matters, can provide comprehensive and sufficient nutrition for crops, promotes the growth and development of root systems of the crops, improves the physiological activity of the crops, increases the yield of the crops, and improves the drought and waterlogging resistance of the crops; and can improve the soil.
(2) According to the components of the biological fertilizer, the preparation method controls the temperature, the water content and the pH value of the biological fertilizer through the combination of pre-composting, fermentation and secondary fermentation, so that the material is fermented completely and thoroughly in a short time, and meanwhile, harmful bacteria are effectively killed and insect pests are prevented, wherein the whole process from composting to secondary fermentation only needs 16-20 days, the production cost is effectively reduced, and the economic effect is improved.
(3) The preparation method of the invention can treat animal and plant wastes without pollution, reduce the using amount of chemical fertilizers and is beneficial to environmental protection.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A biological fertilizer comprises 15 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of pig dung, 7 parts of chicken dung, 8 parts of duck dung, 50 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 20 parts of wheat straw, 15 parts of straw, 25 parts of corn stalk, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.5 parts of gypsum, 1.5 parts of urea, 0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.5 parts of quicklime, 3 parts of peanut cake, 2.5 parts of vegetable cake, 2.5 parts of bean dregs, 15 parts of wall soil, 67 parts of special plant ash and 15 parts of vinasse;
the special plant ash comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of plant ash, 50 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 0.7 part of egg shell, 0.6 part of bone powder, 0.7 part of fish scale powder, 0.01 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.6 part of Angel yeast strain;
the special plant ash is prepared by the following steps:
mixing plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shell, bone powder, fish scale powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Angel yeast strain uniformly, and sealing and fermenting at 60 deg.C for 7 days to obtain the final product.
In order to complete the fermentation, the wheat straw, the rice straw and the corn stalk are crushed into 6-10 cm grass meal by a pricking knife and a crusher before preparing the biological fertilizer.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(a) pre-stacking: wetting forage and livestock manure by using a human manure and urine mixture respectively; the water content of the forage is 55-60%; the water content of the livestock manure is 55-60%;
(b) building a pile: composting the wetted forage; wherein, each pile of the forage layer is provided with a livestock manure layer, and human manure, urea and ammonium bicarbonate are further applied on the livestock manure layer; repeatedly piling 6 layers to obtain piled materials; applying a layer of animal manure on top of the stockpile; wherein the thickness of the forage layer is 20 cm; the thickness of the livestock manure layer is 3 cm;
(c) fermentation: controlling the temperature in the middle of the stacking to be 70 ℃, turning the stacking for the first time 6 days after stacking,
wherein, the first turning comprises the following steps:
(1) applying calcium superphosphate, peanut cake, vegetable cake and bean dregs on the forage layer; applying the layer of livestock manure on the corresponding forage layer in the stacking of the step (b) to the corresponding forage layer;
(2) stacking the materials in the step (b) in the reverse order to obtain a stack after the first stack turning, and applying a livestock manure layer on the top of the stack;
after 6 days of first turning, turning the piles for the second time, wherein the second turning comprises the following steps:
(3) applying calcium superphosphate, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs and quicklime on the forage layer, and controlling the pH value of the compost to 7.5-8.0; applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the first turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(4) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the first-time stack-turned forage layer to obtain a second-time stack-turned forage, and further applying a livestock manure layer on the top of the stack;
and after 5 days of second pile turning, carrying out third pile turning on the piles, wherein the third pile turning comprises the following steps:
(5) applying gypsum on the forage layer;
(6) applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the second turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(7) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the second stack turning to obtain a third stack turning, and further applying a livestock manure layer on the top of the stack;
and in the pile turning process, air exhaust holes are arranged, the diameter of each air exhaust hole is 7cm, and the interval is 1 m. Is used for increasing oxygen and accelerating fermentation speed.
(d) And (3) secondary fermentation: and uniformly mixing the vinasse, the wall soil and the special plant ash with the piled material after the third turning, and fermenting for 120 minutes in a sealing way at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Example 2
A biological fertilizer, 3 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of pig dung, 2 parts of chicken dung, 3 parts of duck dung, 20 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 5 parts of wheat straw, 5 parts of corn stalk, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.2 parts of gypsum, 0.8 part of urea, 0.4 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.2 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of peanut cake, 3 parts of rapeseed cake, 3 parts of bean dregs, 18 parts of wall soil, 78 parts of special plant ash and 18 parts of vinasse;
the special plant ash comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of plant ash, 54 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 1.4 parts of egg shell, 1.6 parts of bone powder, 2 parts of fish scale powder, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 1 part of Angel yeast strain;
the special plant ash is prepared by the following steps:
mixing plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shell, bone powder, fish scale powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Angel yeast strain uniformly, and then sealing and fermenting at 65 deg.C for 10 days to obtain the special plant ash.
In order to complete the fermentation, the wheat straw, the rice straw and the corn stalk are crushed into 6-10 cm grass meal by a pricking knife and a crusher before preparing the biological fertilizer.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(a) pre-stacking: wetting forage and livestock manure by using a human manure and urine mixture respectively; the water content of the forage is 55-60%; the water content of the livestock manure is 55-60%;
(b) building a pile: composting the wetted forage; wherein, each pile of the forage layer is provided with a livestock manure layer, and human manure, urea and ammonium bicarbonate are further applied on the livestock manure layer; repeatedly piling 8 layers to obtain piled materials; further applying a layer of animal manure on top of the stockpile; wherein the thickness of the forage layer is 15 cm; the thickness of the livestock manure layer is 2 cm;
(c) fermentation: controlling the temperature in the middle of the stacking to be 75 ℃, turning the stacking for the first time 7 days after stacking,
wherein, the first turning comprises the following steps:
(1) applying calcium superphosphate, peanut cake, vegetable cake and bean dregs on the forage layer; applying the layer of livestock manure on the corresponding forage layer in the stacking of the step (b) to the corresponding forage layer;
(2) stacking the materials in the step (b) in the reverse order to obtain a stack after the first stack turning, and further applying a livestock manure layer on the top of the stack;
and after 5 days of first pile turning, performing second pile turning on the piles, wherein the second pile turning comprises the following steps:
(3) applying calcium superphosphate, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs and quicklime on the forage layer, and controlling the pH value of the compost to 7.5-8.0; applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the first turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(4) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the first stack turning to obtain a second stack turning, and further applying a livestock manure layer on the top of the stack;
and after 5 days of second pile turning, carrying out third pile turning on the piles, wherein the third pile turning comprises the following steps:
(5) applying gypsum on the forage layer;
(6) applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the second turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(7) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the second stack turning to obtain a third stack turning, and further applying a livestock manure layer on the top of the stack;
and in the pile turning process, air exhaust holes are arranged, the diameter of each air exhaust hole is 8cm, and the interval is 1 m. Is used for increasing oxygen and accelerating fermentation speed.
(d) And (3) secondary fermentation: and uniformly mixing the vinasse, the wall soil and the special plant ash with the piled material after the third turning, and fermenting for 80 minutes in a sealing way at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Example 3
A biological fertilizer comprises 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of pig dung, 5 parts of chicken dung, 6 parts of duck dung, 35 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 10 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts of rice straw, 20 parts of corn stalk, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.4 parts of gypsum, 1.2 parts of urea, 0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.5 parts of quicklime, 3 parts of peanut cake, 3 parts of vegetable cake, 3 parts of bean dregs, 20 parts of wall soil, 84 parts of special plant ash and 20 parts of edible fungus cultivation waste;
the special plant ash comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of plant ash, 60 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 1 part of egg shell, 0.8 part of bone powder, 1 part of fish scale powder, 0.03 part of monopotassium phosphate and 1 part of Angel yeast strain;
the special plant ash is prepared by the following steps:
mixing plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shell, bone powder, fish scale powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Angel yeast strain uniformly, and fermenting at 70 deg.C for 8 days under sealed condition to obtain the final product.
In order to complete the fermentation, a pulverizer is adopted to crush the wheat straws, rice straws and corn stalks into grass powder before preparing the biological fertilizer.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(a) pre-stacking: wetting forage and livestock manure by using a human manure and urine mixture respectively; the water content of the forage is 55-60%; the water content of the livestock manure is 55-60%;
(b) building a pile: composting the wetted forage; wherein, each pile of the forage layer is provided with a livestock manure layer, and human manure, urea and ammonium bicarbonate are further applied on the livestock manure layer; repeatedly piling 8 layers to obtain piled materials; further applying a layer of animal manure on top of the stockpile; wherein the thickness of the forage layer is 18 cm; the thickness of the livestock manure layer is 3 cm;
(c) fermentation: controlling the temperature in the middle of the stacking to be 72 ℃, turning the stacking for the first time 7 days after stacking,
wherein, the first turning comprises the following steps:
(1) applying calcium superphosphate, peanut cake, vegetable cake and bean dregs on the forage layer; applying the layer of livestock manure on the corresponding forage layer in the stacking of the step (b) to the corresponding forage layer;
(2) stacking the Chinese herbal medicine layers in the step (b) in the reverse order to obtain a stack after the first stack turning; further applying a layer of animal manure on top of the stockpile;
and after 5 days of first pile turning, performing second pile turning on the piles, wherein the second pile turning comprises the following steps:
(3) applying calcium superphosphate, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs and quicklime on the forage layer, and controlling the pH value of the compost to 7.5-8.0; applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the first turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(4) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the first turning to obtain the compost after the second turning; further applying a layer of animal manure on top of the stockpile;
and after 6 days of second pile turning, carrying out third pile turning on the piles, wherein the third pile turning comprises the following steps:
(5) applying gypsum on the forage layer;
(6) applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the second turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(7) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the second turning to obtain the stacked materials after the third turning; further applying a layer of animal manure on top of the stockpile;
in the process of turning the pile, the exhaust holes are arranged, the diameter of each exhaust hole is 8 meters, and the interval is 1 meter. Is used for increasing oxygen and accelerating fermentation speed.
(d) And (3) secondary fermentation: and uniformly mixing the edible fungus cultivation waste, wall soil and special plant ash with the piled material after the third turning, and fermenting for 100 minutes in a sealing way at the temperature of 75 ℃ to obtain the biological fertilizer.
In the above preparation method, the forage refers to wheat straw, rice straw, and corn stalk. The livestock manure refers to cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
Tests prove that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the biological fertilizer prepared by the method is more than or equal to 50%, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 33:1, so that the biological fertilizer meets the national biological fertilizer standard NY 884-2012.
The method also comprises the step of granulating the biological fertilizer prepared by the method.
Specifically, the granulation of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. pouring the obtained biological fertilizer into a novel compound fertilizer manufacturing granulator for granulation;
2. cooling the biological fertilizer granules to obtain the biological fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm;
3. baking at 60-80 deg.C to make the water content of the biological fertilizer be 40-45%, and packaging the biological fertilizer.
Compared with the biological fertilizer in the prior art, the biological fertilizer mainly has the following differences:
1. the selected raw materials are different: in the prior biological fertilizer preparation, the excrement of livestock and poultry is taken as an excrement raw material, a human excrement and urine mixture is not used, and common plant ash is adopted.
The human excrement and urine contains a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, most of the nitrogen and phosphorus elements are nitrogen and phosphorus organic matters which are not completely digested by human bodies, and the organic nitrogen and phosphorus are difficult to directly absorb and utilize by crops. Therefore, the human excrement and urine can have obvious fertilizer effect after being decomposed and applied. The existing process can not quickly decompose the materials, so that the human excrement and urine mixture can not be used as one of the excrement raw materials.
2. The preparation process is different. The traditional biological fertilizer is produced in a full-open fermentation mode, so that odor is easily generated, flies and insects are easily attracted, workshops and environments are polluted, and the fermentation temperature cannot be accurately controlled; the process is complex and the occupied area is large; the fermentation time is long, about 27 days; the automation degree is low, and a large amount of labor is required to be invested; the decomposition is not thorough, harmful bacteria are contained, the crops are easy to be ill, and the quality is not guaranteed. Therefore, the existing biological fertilizer preparation process consumes long time, does not need secondary fermentation, can not thoroughly decompose materials, and contains toxic and harmful bacteria.
The preparation process of the invention can rapidly synthesize the biological fertilizer, thoroughly decompose the materials and kill harmful germs, and the prepared biological fertilizer is harmless and odorless. In the secondary fermentation, a high-efficiency harmless bio-fertilizer fermentation device can be adopted, full-sealed fermentation treatment and automatic temperature control are carried out, and the generated gas is discharged in waste purification treatment, so that a workshop is ensured to have good environment; the fermentation time is short, and the fertilizer can be fermented and produced within 9 hours generally; the whole process is automated, and only 1-2 persons are needed for fixing; after high-temperature fermentation, harmful germs are thoroughly removed, organic matters are thoroughly decomposed, and the nutrient content is high.
3. Because the selected raw materials are different, the nutrients provided by the biological fertilizer are different. The biological fertilizer disclosed by the invention has an obvious effect of promoting the growth of crops, can enhance the resistance of the crops, simultaneously supplements soil nutrients, enhances the soil activity, improves the soil structure, promotes the growth and development of the roots of the crops and plants, enhances the physiological activity, the yield and the quality of the crops, particularly the taste of agricultural products, and ensures that the agricultural products have the best taste, special nutrition, no public hazard and no residue.
4. The existing biological fertilizer cannot treat the human excrement and urine mixture in a more environment-friendly way due to the limitation of the process.
5. The difference between the production costs. By further calculation, the distance of each 30m3The biological fertilizer of the invention has the raw materials plus auxiliary materials of 2400 yuan plus electricity charge of 630 yuan plus artificial 120 yuan plus 3150 yuan, and the production cost of each ton of biological fertilizer is about 145 yuan. In the prior art, the market price of the biological fertilizer is about 900-. It can be seen that the bookThe biological fertilizer can effectively reduce the production cost.
Claims (10)
1. A rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: poultry and livestock manure, human excrement and urine mixture, forage, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, quicklime, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs, wall soil, special plant ash and mushroom bran;
the special plant ash comprises the following components: plant ash, human excrement and urine mixture, egg shells, bone meal, fish scale meal, monopotassium phosphate and Angel yeast strains.
2. The biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-60 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 15-60 parts of forage, 2-3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.2-1.5 parts of gypsum, 0.8-1.5 parts of urea, 0.4-0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.2-1.5 parts of quick lime, 2-3 parts of peanut cake, 2.5-3 parts of vegetable cake, 2.5-3 parts of bean dregs, 15-20 parts of wall soil, 67-87 parts of special plant ash and 15-20 parts of mushroom bran.
3. The biological fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is selected from one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
4. The biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forage is one or more of wheat straw, rice straw and corn stalks.
5. The biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the purpose-made plant ash comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of plant ash, 50-60 parts of human excrement and urine mixture, 0.7-1.4 parts of egg shell, 0.6-1.6 parts of bone powder, 0.7-2 parts of fish scale powder, 0.01-0.05 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6-1 part of Angel yeast strain.
6. The biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fungus chaff is vinasse or edible fungus cultivation waste.
7. A method for preparing a biological fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 comprising the steps of:
(a) pre-stacking: wetting forage and livestock manure by using a human manure and urine mixture respectively;
(b) building a pile: composting the wetted forage; wherein, each pile is made into a forage layer, and a livestock manure layer is applied on the forage layer to obtain the pile; wherein, one or more of human excrement, urea and ammonium bicarbonate are further applied on the livestock excrement layer, wherein the human excrement is separated from a human excrement-urine mixture;
(c) fermentation: after pile building, performing first pile turning, second pile turning and third pile turning on the piles;
wherein, the first turning comprises the following steps:
(1) applying phosphate fertilizer, peanut cake, vegetable cake and bean dregs on the forage layer; applying the layer of livestock manure on the corresponding forage layer in the stacking of the step (b) to the corresponding forage layer;
(2) stacking the Chinese herbal medicine layers in the step (b) in the reverse order to obtain a stack after the first stack turning;
the second turning comprises the following steps:
(3) applying phosphate fertilizer, peanut cake, vegetable cake, bean dregs and calcium lime on the forage layer; applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the first turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(4) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the first turning to obtain the compost after the second turning;
the third turning comprises the following steps:
(5) applying gypsum on the forage layer;
(6) applying the livestock manure layer on the corresponding forage layer in the piled material after the second turning to the corresponding forage layer;
(7) stacking the materials in the reverse order of the forage layer after the second turning to obtain the compost after the third turning;
(d) and (3) secondary fermentation: and uniformly mixing the mushroom bran, the wall soil and the special plant ash with the piled material after the third turning, and sealing and fermenting to obtain the biological fertilizer.
8. The method for preparing the biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (a), the water content of the forage is 55-60%; the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 55-60%.
9. The method for preparing the biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (b), the thickness of the grass layer is 15-20 cm; the thickness of the livestock manure layer is 2-3 cm.
10. The process for preparing bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature in the middle of the pile is controlled at 70-75 ℃ in step (c).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011500026.4A CN112457136A (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2020-12-17 | Rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011500026.4A CN112457136A (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2020-12-17 | Rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112457136A true CN112457136A (en) | 2021-03-09 |
Family
ID=74804787
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011500026.4A Pending CN112457136A (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2020-12-17 | Rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112457136A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113880618A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-04 | 刘盼盼 | Preparation method of biological fertilizer |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1179874A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-23 | Akio Tobimatsu | Odorless fermentation treatment of excreta of domestic animal |
| CN105347869A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-02-24 | 重庆市旺利原农业发展有限公司 | Livestock manure bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108840777A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州世农肥业有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly highly efficient microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111233547A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-05 | 青岛盛鼎洲农业科技发展有限公司 | Composite probiotic organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-12-17 CN CN202011500026.4A patent/CN112457136A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1179874A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-23 | Akio Tobimatsu | Odorless fermentation treatment of excreta of domestic animal |
| CN105347869A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-02-24 | 重庆市旺利原农业发展有限公司 | Livestock manure bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108840777A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州世农肥业有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly highly efficient microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111233547A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-05 | 青岛盛鼎洲农业科技发展有限公司 | Composite probiotic organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113880618A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-04 | 刘盼盼 | Preparation method of biological fertilizer |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104387136B (en) | Method for producing organic fertilizer from municipal dry branch/fallen leaf waste and application thereof | |
| CN102584364B (en) | Biologic organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102653479B (en) | Biological organic fertilizer prepared by using mushroom bran as raw material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102924185B (en) | Chicken manure fermented fertilizer | |
| CN108002954B (en) | Anaerobic-aerobic balanced fermentation method for agricultural wastes | |
| CN109265217A (en) | A kind of production method of soil conditioner | |
| CN101665312B (en) | Livestock and poultry manure treating method | |
| CN102134169A (en) | Technology for producing biological organic fertilizer by using dairy manure and straw | |
| CN101229982A (en) | Method for producing organic compound fertilizer by using biogas residues | |
| CN107445769A (en) | A kind of tealeaves ecological fertilizer special | |
| CN104829378A (en) | Watermelon fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103664257B (en) | Preparation method of biogas slurry cured organic fertilizer | |
| CN106316687A (en) | Organic fertilizer giving consideration to crop nutrient needs and soil ecological improvement and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104355737A (en) | Sugarcane fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| Chandra | Organic manures | |
| CN107892635A (en) | A kind of soil for improving conservation ability and promoting absorption ability organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108821927A (en) | A kind of biological organic fertilizer and its preparation process | |
| CN106699353A (en) | Formula of bacterial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102807400A (en) | Method for preparing organic fertilizer through barrel fermentation | |
| CN106518188B (en) | The production method of special fertilizer for sugar cane | |
| CN104860734A (en) | Rice selenium-zinc-iron-rich microbial fermentation fertilizer, and preparation method as well as application thereof | |
| CN110759762A (en) | Preparation method of organic fertilizer | |
| CN103044099A (en) | Method for making special novel fertilizer for strawberries | |
| CN106116772A (en) | The Fertilizer Transformed Application way that becomes thoroughly decomposed is concentrated in straw field | |
| CN112457136A (en) | Rapidly-synthesized harmless odorless biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |