JP3833386B2 - Scroll-shaped processing device and method for manufacturing scroll-shaped component - Google Patents

Description

【００５８】
半径減少誤差ΔＲとインボリュート曲線との関係を図１６を用いて説明する。
インボリュート曲線の曲率半径Ｒは、基礎円半径ａと伸開角θにより（数２）のように表せる。
【数２】

【００５９】
（数１）と（数２）から伸開角θでの加工装置の半径減少誤差ΔＲは（数３）のように表すことができる。
【数３】

この（数３）で求められる各伸開角ごとの半径減少誤差ΔＲをあらかじめ計算し、数値制御プログラムの加工軌跡を補正することにより、半径減少誤差は補正可能であり、直交２軸の加工装置においてもスクロール形状を高精度に加工することが可能となる。
【００６０】
また、加工面粗さを向上させるためには以下の方法を取る。仕上げ加工工程に荒加工工程で発生する切削振動が伝達すると、加工面粗さが悪化する。そこで、ワーク台装置は一面ごとに独立した構成とする。これによって、荒加工と仕上げ加工とを同時に行うに際し、仕上げ加工工程に荒加工工程で発生する切削振動が伝達しないようにして加工面粗さを向上させることのできる。
【００６１】
上記構成により加工精度を向上でき、直交２軸の加工装置においても、従来のインボリュート形状の専用加工装置と同様の加工精度を確保できる。
以上のことから、本発明のスクロール形状加工装置は、スクロール部品を高精度，高能率でさらに安価に製造することができる。
【００６２】
【発明の効果】
以上詳細に説明したように、本発明によれば、ラップ部分が主にインボリュート曲線で形成されるスクロール部品を１台の加工装置にて荒加工と仕上げ加工、さらに穴加工とを高精度，高能率に実施でき、加工ラインの設備費を低減できるスクロール形状の加工装置および加工方法を提供することができる。
【００６３】
また、本発明によれば、直交して移動するスライドテーブルを制御することにより工具位置を制御し、インボリュート曲線を加工する方式を採用し、従来の専用機で採用されている直動テーブルとロータリテーブルとによる加工方式に比べ、制御軸数を減らし、加工装置を低価格に製造できるスクロール形状の加工装置および加工方法を提供することができる。
【００６４】
さらに、本発明によれば、複数台のワーク台装置で荒加工と仕上げ加工とを同時に行うに際し、仕上げ加工工程に荒加工工程で発生する切削振動が伝達しないようにして加工面粗さを向上させることのできるスクロール形状の加工装置および加工方法を提供することことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施の形態を示すスクロール形状加工装置の外観斜視図である。
【図２】図１のスクロール形状加工装置を上部から見た外観平面図である。
【図３】本発明の一実施形態に係るスクロール形状加工装置の独立した１つのワーク台装置の構造を示すアンクランプ時の説明図で、（ａ）は正面図、（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図４】図３のワーク台装置のクランプ時の説明図で、（ａ）は正面図、（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図５】本発明の一実施形態に係るスクロール形状加工装置の旋回クランプ装置を上部から見た平面図である。
【図６】図５の装置のワーク台装置を上部から見た平面図である。
【図７】図３のワーク台装置の旋回クランプ装置の斜視図である。
【図８】本発明の一実施形態に係るスクロール部品の加工工程を示すフローチャートである。
【図９】本発明の一実施形態に係るスクロール形状加工装置によるスクロール形状の荒加工を示す説明図で、（ａ）は斜視図、（ｂ）は加工部を示す拡大図である。
【図１０】本発明の一実施形態に係るスクロール形状加工装置によるスクロール部品の穴加工を示す説明図で、（ａ）は斜視図、（ｂ）は加工部を示す断面図である。
【図１１】本発明の一実施形態に係るスクロール形状加工装置によるスクロール形状の仕上げ加工を示す説明図で、（ａ）は斜視図、（ｂ）は加工部を示す拡大図である。
【図１２】本発明の第二の実施の形態を示すスクロール形状加工装置の外観斜視図である。
【図１３】図１２のスクロール形状加工装置を上部から見た外観平面図である。
【図１４】本発明の第二の実施形態に係るスクロール部品の加工工程を示すフローチャートである。
【図１５】数値制御装置のサーボの追従遅れによる半径減少誤差を示す説明図である。
【図１６】インボリュート曲線を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１，１Ａ…加工装置本体、１ａ，１ｃ…本体ベッド、２，２Ａ…旋回装置、３…ワーク台装置、４…ワーク、５…把持チャック、６，１１，１６…Ｘ軸スライドテーブル、７，１２，１７…Ｚ軸スライドテーブル、８，１３，１８…Ｙ軸スライドテーブル、９，１４，１９…工具台、１０，１５，２０…工具主軸、２６…工具、２７…ラップ、２８…ざぐり穴、２９…旋回クランプ装置、３０…クランプアーム、３１…ロケートピン、３２…基準パッド、３３…油圧装置、３４…パレットハンガー。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a scroll-shaped processing device and Manufacture of scroll-shaped parts The present invention relates to a method, in particular, for cutting or grinding a scroll scroll and a fixed scroll having a spiral wrap mainly formed by an involute curve in a scroll compressor used for refrigeration equipment or the like with high accuracy and high efficiency. Scroll-shaped processing device and Manufacture of scroll-shaped parts It is about the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The structure of the scroll compressor is, for example, as described in JP-A-1-262302, orbiting scroll and stationary comprising a disc-shaped end plate and a spiral wrap standing upright on one surface of the end plate The scroll has a scroll, the laps of both scrolls mesh with each other, the orbiting scroll is driven to revolve with respect to the fixed scroll, and the refrigerant and the like are compressed in a compression chamber formed between the wraps.
[0003]
When the shape accuracy of the lap part of this scroll compressor is poor, the formation of the compression chamber becomes incomplete during operation, and the desired compressor performance cannot be obtained. For this reason, in the processing of the lapping part, a dedicated processing device having high motion accuracy is generally used. For example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-57856, a dedicated processing apparatus includes a moving table that moves linearly, a tool table that is loaded on the moving table, and a rotary shaft that is supported by the tool table. A tool attached to the tip of the rotating shaft, that is, an end mill or a grinding wheel, and a rotary table arranged to face the tool and rotating while supporting a scroll component.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, in the processing of scroll parts, the processing time difference between roughing and finishing is as large as about 6 times, so after roughing the cast or forged material with a general-purpose machining center, it is finished with the above-mentioned machine exclusively for scroll shape processing. It was processed. This is because rough machining with a scroll shape requires a large machining allowance and cannot increase the feed rate of the tool, so the machining time becomes longer, whereas in finishing, the machining allowance is small and high-speed machining is possible. This is because if the processes are integrated into one processing apparatus, a problem that the cycle time of the processing line becomes long occurs.
[0005]
For this reason, conventionally, in rough machining with a long cycle time, a plurality of general-purpose machining centers are arranged on the machining line for one finishing machine to balance the cycle time with the finishing process.
From the above, in the processing of scroll parts, the roughing time is reduced to the same level as the finishing time, and the roughing and finishing are carried out with a single processing device, thereby reducing the equipment cost in the processing line. This was an important issue.
[0006]
Conventionally, the scroll shape has been processed by two-axis control using a rotary table and a linear motion table. This is because if the scroll shape is processed by a two-axis slide table that moves orthogonally, the center of the scroll shape is caused by the follow-up delay of the servo of the numerical control device, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-41845. This is because the error in the movement trajectory of the machining tool becomes large at the portion, and the involute shape cannot be machined with high accuracy and high efficiency.
[0007]
For this reason, a dedicated processing device having a rotary table and a linear motion table requires a work table device that rotatably supports the workpiece, which causes the processing device to be expensive.
Finishing with a processing device having a biaxial slide table that moves the scroll shape orthogonally has been an important issue for reducing the cost of the scroll processing device.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to perform rough machining on a scroll component in which a lap portion is mainly formed by an involute curve with a single machining apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide a scroll-shaped processing apparatus and a processing method capable of performing finishing processing and further hole processing with high accuracy and high efficiency, and reducing the equipment cost of a processing line.
[0009]
Another object of the present invention is to adopt a method in which a tool position is controlled by controlling a slide table that moves in an orthogonal direction to process an involute curve, and is used in a conventional dedicated machine. It is an object to provide a scroll-shaped processing apparatus and a processing method capable of reducing the number of control axes and manufacturing a processing apparatus at a low price as compared with a processing method using a rotary table.
[0010]
Still another object of the present invention is to reduce the surface roughness by preventing the cutting vibration generated in the roughing process from being transmitted to the finishing process when performing roughing and finishing simultaneously with a plurality of work table devices. It is an object to provide a scroll-shaped processing apparatus and processing method that can be improved.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the configuration of the scroll-shaped processing apparatus according to the present invention is to process a scroll-shaped work having a spiral wrap standing upright on the end plate, and to support the work And a turning device for turning the work table device, a mechanism for attaching and detaching the work to and from the work table device, and a tool table having a tool spindle that rotatably supports the processing tool on a main body bed. In this processing apparatus, at least three of the work table devices are on the main body bed, and each work table device is structured to be separated from the main body bed. The workpiece table device includes at least two workpiece holding devices, and is capable of detachably holding the workpiece. A mechanism for allowing the work holding device to grip the scroll-shaped work so that one of the plurality of work table devices is opposed to the work loading / unloading means and the work directions are substantially the same. A scroll wrap of a plurality of workpieces on the work table device by a swiveling device that rotates the work table device and positions the work table device so as to face each tool table, and a tool spindle to which at least two machining tools are attached. And at least one tool table capable of machining scroll laps of a plurality of workpieces on the workpiece table device one by one by means of at least one tool table capable of simultaneously machining a plurality of workpieces on the workpiece table device. It consists of
[0012]
Here, as a means for positioning the work table device so as to face each tool table, each work table device is independently incorporated into the lower part of the work table device so as to be able to contact and separate, and the work table device is directly attached to the main body bed. Means for abutting and clamping are provided.
[0013]
More specifically, the turning device for turning and positioning the work table device includes a rotation drive unit, a hanger provided from the rotation drive unit, a clamping means for guiding, turning and positioning the work table device, and each work table device. And a means for positioning so as to correctly face each tool table when the tool is turned.
The work table device provided with the work holding device is one in which one work table device is opposed to the workpiece loading / unloading means when other work table devices are opposed to the respective tool tables. It is.
Further, at least one of the tool tables installed so as to face the workpiece table device is provided with a plurality of tool spindles.
[0014]
In order to achieve the above object, the configuration of the scroll-shaped machining method according to the present invention is a method of machining a scroll-shaped workpiece having a spiral wrap standing upright on the end plate, and a workpiece that supports the workpiece. A base device, a turning device for turning the work table device, a mechanism for attaching and detaching the workpiece to the work table device, and a tool table including a tool spindle for rotatably supporting a processing tool are provided on the main body bed. Using a scroll-shaped processing device, there are at least three work table devices on the main body bed, and each work table device is separated from the main body bed, and pivots and moves almost simultaneously on the main body bed. The workpiece table device is configured to be positioned so as to face the tool table, and the workpiece table device includes at least two workpiece holding devices to detachably hold the workpiece. With the apparatus configured to be able to hold one of the plurality of work table devices facing the work loading / unloading means, the work holding device holds the scroll-shaped work so that the directions of the work are substantially the same. Scrolling a plurality of workpieces on the workpiece table device by a step of rotating the workpiece table device and positioning the workpiece table device so as to face each tool table, and a tool spindle to which at least two machining tools are attached. It includes at least a step of machining a lap simultaneously and a step of machining a scroll lap of a plurality of workpieces on the workpiece table device one by one with a tool spindle to which one machining tool is attached.
[0015]
More specifically, when machining the scroll shape one by one with one tool spindle, each piece of a plurality of workpieces attached to the workpiece table device by the workpiece holding device.
Coordinate data for correcting the deviation of the coordinate position of the scroll shape is stored in advance in the numerical control device, and the coordinate center of the numerical control program is determined by the coordinate data corresponding to each work holding device of each work base device. Is modified to process the scroll shape.
[0016]
Also, angle data for correcting the deviation of the starting angular position of each of the scroll shapes of a plurality of workpieces attached to the workpiece table device by the workpiece holding device when processing the scroll shapes one by one with one spindle. Is stored in advance in the numerical control device, and the scroll shape is processed by rotating the numerical control program according to the angle data in accordance with the angle data corresponding to each work holding device of each work table device.
[0017]
Furthermore, it is a machining method for machining with a tool table provided with a slide table that linearly moves the scroll shape orthogonally, and is numerically controlled with a relationship that is at least inversely proportional to the radius of curvature of the scroll lap and a value that is proportional to the square of the tool feed speed. Calculate the radius of curvature reduction error from the programmed normal control locus generated in the device in advance, find the radius of curvature reduction error, and correct the locus of the numerical control program and the tool feed rate to tend to reduce the error It is intended to be processed.
[0018]
In addition, the scroll-shaped processing device of the present invention has a spiral wrap that stands upright on the end plate, and in processing of a scroll part in which the wrap portion is formed by an involute curve, a single processing device can be used. Processing and finishing are performed.
More specifically, in rough machining where the machining allowance is large and the feed rate of the tool cannot be increased, the machining time per piece is shortened by machining a plurality of workpieces attached to the workpiece table simultaneously with a plurality of tool spindles. In finishing, high-speed machining is performed with one tool spindle to ensure machining accuracy.
[0019]
Further, in the finishing process, a conventional processing apparatus is attached to a moving table that moves linearly, a tool table loaded on the moving table, a rotating shaft supported by the tool table, and a tip of the rotating shaft. In the processing apparatus of the present invention, a tool table provided with a slide table that moves orthogonally is configured by a rotary table that is disposed so as to face the tool and rotates while supporting a scroll component. And a function of correcting the curvature radius reduction error of the involute curve so that the involute shape can be processed with high accuracy by the rotating shaft supported by the tool table and the tool attached to the tip of the rotating shaft. Was added. Thereby, since the rotary table and the attached control system which the conventional processing apparatus had were not required, the cost reduction of a processing apparatus is realizable.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[Embodiment 1]
First, the configuration of a scroll-shaped machining apparatus that implements the method of manufacturing a scroll component according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a scroll shape processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an external plan view of the scroll shape processing apparatus of FIG.
[0021]
In FIG. Do This is a swivel device installed substantially at the center of 1a. Four work table devices 3 are provided symmetrically in the orthogonal direction with respect to the center of the turning device 2, each work table device 3 is provided with a work holding device outward, and a plurality of work table devices 3 are provided on each surface of the four-surface work holding device. The four workpiece table devices 3 can be independently rotated and positioned in the direction of the arrow 21, and the details of the structure are shown in FIGS. And will be described later.
[0022]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 4 denotes a work, and the work 4 handled in the present invention has a scroll-like shape having a spiral wrap standing upright on an end plate, and the wrap portion is mainly formed by an involute curve. Reference numeral 5 denotes a gripping chuck related to a work holding device provided on each surface of the work table device 3 for gripping the work 4.
[0023]
In FIG. 1, reference numerals 9, 14, and 19 denote first, second, and third three tool tables that are installed so as to face the three surfaces of the work table device 3.
The first tool rest 9 is provided with a Z-axis slide table 7 which is a cutting direction on an X-axis slide table 6, and a Y-axis slide table 8 which is a vertical direction via a jig on the upper part thereof. It is a structure. A plurality of tool spindles 10 (three in the figure) that can be rotated by attaching a tool are installed on the tool base 9.
[0024]
Similarly, as for the 2nd tool stand 14, the Z-axis slide table 12 is installed on the X-axis slide table 11, and the Y-axis slide table 13 is installed in the upper part via the jig | tool. In the third tool stand 19, a Z-axis slide table 17 is installed on the X-axis slide table 16, and a Y-axis slide table 18 is installed on the upper part thereof via a jig. One tool spindle 15, 20 is attached to the second and third tool stands 14, 19.
The position of each tool stand is clear from FIG. The main body bed 1a has a substantially T shape, and the swivel device 2 is installed at the substantially central portion thereof.
[0025]
The work table device 3 has an independent configuration. The work base device 3 has a structure in which the work 4 is attached to one surface, and a work clamping device is attached to the back side of the surface to which the work 4 is attached. First, an independent configuration of the work table device 3 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view at the time of unclamping showing the structure of one independent work table device of the scroll shape processing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view, 4A and 4B are explanatory views at the time of clamping of the work table device of FIG. 3, wherein FIG. 4A is a front view, FIG. 5B is a side view, and FIG. 5 is a turning of the scroll shape processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the work table device of the apparatus of FIG. 5 as viewed from above, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the turning clamp device of the work table device of FIG.
[0026]
3 and 4, 1b is a circumferential groove formed in the work bed device 3 installation portion of the main body bed 1a, 3a is a base portion of the work table device 3, and 29 is in contact with the base 3a of the work table device 3. The releasable swivel clamp devices 29a and 29b are wheels mounted on the swivel clamp device 29 and come in contact with and separated from the base 3a of the work table device 3, 30 is a clamp arm equipped on the upper part of the rotary clamp device 29, 31 is The locating pin 31 for positioning the work table device 3 is provided on the main body bed 1 a and is fitted to the pin hole 3 c of the work table device 3 to position the work table 3. Reference numeral 32 denotes a reference pad for positioning the work table device 3, and 33 denotes a hydraulic device that drives the turning clamp device 29.
[0027]
By the way, the indexing rotary table in the conventional processing apparatus is, for example, a four-surface processing station (work table apparatus) at equal intervals in the circumferential direction as disclosed in the composite processing apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-265249. Is equivalent to an integrated structure via a support, and is structured to rotate by meshing the internal and external teeth of the index drive means.
[0028]
On the other hand, the turning device 2 of the present invention has four work table devices 3 that are symmetrically independent in the orthogonal direction with respect to the center of the device.
That is, the work table device 3 has an independent structure as shown in FIG. The work table device 3 has a work 4 attached to one surface with a gripping chuck 5 and a work clamping device 5a on the back side of the surface to which the work 4 is attached.
[0029]
The four independent work table devices 3 are of a type that rotates with the swing clamp device 29 as a rail and is fixed to the main body bed 1 a by the swing clamp device 29. A locating pin 31 is used for positioning in the turning direction. The reference pad 32 is used for positioning in the height direction.
FIG. 3 shows a state in which the work table device 3 is unclamped, and the work table device 3 is separated from the main body bed 1a. The turning clamp device 29 and the clamp arm 30 are in contact with the base portion 3a of the work table device 3 by the wheels 29a and 29b and are held in the base portion 3a. The turning clamp device 29 serves as a rail for guiding and moving the work table device 3.
[0030]
FIG. 4 shows a state where the work table device 3 is clamped. The swing clamp device 29 and the clamp arm 30 are lowered by the hydraulic device 33, and the work table device 3 is fixed to the main body bed 1a by the clamp arm 30. The wheels 29a and 29b are separated from the base portion 3a, and the clamp arm 30 presses the inlay portion 3b inside the base portion 3a downward to fix the work table device 3 on the main body bed 1a. This stationary position is positioned by the locate pin 31 and the reference pad 32. That is, the work table device 3 is pressed downward by the clamp arm 30 and fixed on the reference pad 32.
[0031]
Next, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the turning clamp device 29 and the clamp arm 30 as viewed from above. There are four turning clamp devices 29 symmetrically with respect to the x and y axes orthogonal to the center O of the four work table devices 3, and these turning clamp devices 29 turn the work table device 3 in the circumferential direction. It is fan-shaped to fulfill the role of the rail.
[0032]
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the turning device 2 and the work table device 3 as seen from above. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 34 denotes a pallet hanger, and the pallet hanger 34 has a claw 34 a that holds the work table device 3.
The four work table devices 3 have an independent configuration and cannot be swung by the work table device 3 itself. Therefore, when the work table device 3 is turned after the processing is finished, the turning device 2 is used. The turning device 2 has a drive source for turning the work table device 3. The details of the swivel device 2 are not shown in each figure because they are built in the case 2a of the swivel device 2 shown in FIG.
[0033]
Further, FIG. 7 shows the appearance of the turning clamp device 29. Two clamp arms 30 are provided on one turning clamp device 29. Since the turning clamp device 29 has a rail function for turning the work table device 3, four wheels 29 a are provided on both sides of the fan-shaped main body of the turning clamp device 29, and a clamp arm above the turning clamp device 29. 30 mounting members are provided with four wheels 29b. The swing clamp device 29 is moved up and down in the direction of arrow 35 by the hydraulic device 33 to perform unclamping and clamping.
[0034]
As described above, the swivel device 2 includes a swivel drive unit located at the center of the device, a pallet hanger 34 having four sets of claws 34a symmetrically provided in the orthogonal direction from the swivel drive unit, and four sets of claws 34a. Four independent work table devices 3 that are gripped and rotated, and these work table devices 3 are installed in the lower part of the work table device 3 so as to be able to come into contact with and separate from each other and in the circumferential groove 1b formed in the main body bed 1a. A turning clamp device 29 for guiding, turning and positioning, and a locating pin 31 and a reference pad 32 for positioning so as to correctly face each tool table 9, 14, 19 when each work table device 3 is turned. Is.
The means for realizing the independent configuration of the work table device is not limited to the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 and does not prevent the adoption of other shapes and structures capable of realizing the same function.
[0035]
Next, the manufacturing method of the scroll components using the scroll shape processing apparatus of this embodiment is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece 4 is carried in by an automatic loading / unloading device (not shown) from the direction indicated by the arrow 22, and a plurality (three in this embodiment) of the workpieces 4 (this embodiment). Is held by the gripping chuck 5 of the three workpiece holding devices and attached to the workpiece table device 3. The work table device 3 on which the work 4 is mounted is turned 90 degrees and positioned at a position facing the first tool table 9. The workpiece 4 facing the tool table 9 is roughly machined into a scroll shape by a tool attached to a plurality (three in this embodiment) of the tool spindle 10.
[0036]
When the roughing is completed, the workpiece table device 3 is turned 90 degrees, and the workpiece 4 faces the second tool table 14. Here, the workpiece 4 is drilled by a tool attached to one tool spindle 15.
Further, the work base device 3 is turned 90 degrees, and the work 4 is finished into a scroll shape by a tool that faces the third tool base 19 and is attached to one tool spindle 20.
[0037]
When the machining is completed, the work table device 3 is turned 90 degrees, and the work 4 is carried out by the automatic loading / unloading device. Each tool table 9, 14, 19 is programmed to start machining when the workpiece 4 is present on the workpiece table 3 facing each other, and the respective machining steps proceed simultaneously.
[0038]
Each of the first, second, and third tool stands 9, 14, and 19 is controlled by the independent control device based on the independent machining program. In addition, each control device is controlled by the main computer in order to start processing, select a processing program, and the like.
[0039]
An example of the processing steps of this apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing step of a method for manufacturing a scroll component according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing rough processing of the scroll shape by the scroll shape processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10A is a perspective view, FIG. 10B is an enlarged view showing a processing portion, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing drilling of a scroll part by a scroll shape processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. ) Is a perspective view, FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view showing a processing portion, FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a finishing process of a scroll shape by a scroll shape processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. (B) is an enlarged view showing a processing part.
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 8, the machining process in the present embodiment is carried out by bringing the workpiece into the scroll shape machining apparatus described above, and performing the rough machining 23 of the scroll shape, the hole machining 24 necessary for ensuring the performance, and the finish machining 25 of the scroll shape. After processing in order, the work is unloaded. Although not shown in the drawings, as another example, processing is performed in three stages: scroll-shaped rough processing 23, scroll-shaped intermediate finishing processing, and scroll-shaped finishing processing 25. The following will be described based on the processing steps shown in FIG.
[0041]
Since each machining process is performed independently each time the work table device is turned, the cycle time is determined by the process having the longest machining time. For this reason, it is desirable that the processing time of each processing step is substantially the same and within the cycle time of the processing line.
First, the specific content of the processing method of the scroll-shaped roughing 23 will be described with reference to FIG.
In rough machining, the machining allowance of the work 27 by the tool 26 is as large as 1 to 2 mm. Therefore, when the tool feed speed is increased, the load on the tool increases, chatter vibration occurs, and the tool breaks. Arise. For this reason, in this embodiment, the following means are used in order to shorten the processing time.
[0042]
As one of the means, as shown in FIG. 9A, a plurality of workpieces 4 held by the gripping chuck 5 of the workpiece table device 3 are attached to the same number of tool spindles 10 as the workpieces attached to the tool table 9. A tool 26 is used for simultaneous machining. FIG. 9 shows an example in which three workpieces are machined by a tool 26 attached to three tool spindles 10. Since a plurality of tool spindles are moved by a single moving table, the machining efficiency can be increased without increasing the price of the machining apparatus.
Another means is a method of simultaneously machining both sides of the groove of the lap 27 of the workpiece 4 with a tool 26 as shown in FIG.
[0043]
The groove of the lap 27 is divided into a double-sided machining method in which both sides are machined simultaneously and a single-sided machining method in which only one side is machined. In the former double-sided machining method, the load applied to the tool is large and the machining accuracy is deteriorated. Short processing time. On the other hand, the one-side machining method has good machining accuracy, but has a feature that the distance that the tool moves is long and the machining time is long.
The machining time shown in FIG. 9A or the combination of the machining means shown in FIG. 9A and the machining means shown in FIG. 6 can be shortened.
[0044]
Next, the specific content of the processing method of the hole processing 24 (see FIG. 8) will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b).
The hole machining in this embodiment is for machining a counterbore 28 in the center of the workpiece 4. The number of the tool spindle 15 of the 2nd tool stand 14 is one, and the counterbore hole 28 of the some workpiece | work 4 attached to the workpiece base apparatus 3 is processed in order one by one.
[0045]
Next, the concrete content of the processing method of the scroll-shaped finishing process 25 (refer FIG. 8) is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 11 (a), (b).
In the finishing process in this embodiment, since the machining allowance is as small as 0.05 to 0.1 mm, the load on the tool 26 is small, and the tool feed speed can be increased. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 11B, the one-side processing method that can improve the processing accuracy is used as the processing method. In addition, since high-speed machining is possible, the machining time is such that even if a plurality of workpieces 4 attached to the workpiece table device 3 are sequentially machined by one tool 26 of the tool spindle 20 of the third tool table 19, Finishing can be done in the same time as roughing 23.
The scroll-shaped high-precision machining method will be described later.
[0046]
[Embodiment 2]
Next, the configuration of the second embodiment of the scroll-shaped processing apparatus for carrying out the scroll component manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
12 is an external perspective view of the scroll shape processing apparatus showing the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is an external plan view of the scroll shape processing apparatus of FIG. 12 as viewed from above. 12 and 13, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the same configurations as those in the first embodiment.
The difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is the difference in the number of work table devices and tool tables, and the structure of the work table device itself is substantially the same.
[0047]
12 and 13, reference numeral 1A denotes a processing apparatus main body of the scroll shape processing apparatus, 1c denotes a main body bed, and 2A denotes a swiveling device installed almost at the center of the main body bed 1c. Reference numerals 9 and 14 denote first and second tool tables that are installed so as to face two surfaces of the work table device 3.
The first tool rest 9 is provided with a Z-axis slide table 7 which is a cutting direction on an X-axis slide table 6, and a Y-axis slide table 8 which is a vertical direction via a jig on the upper part thereof. It is a structure. A plurality of tool spindles 10 (three in the figure) that can be rotated by attaching a tool are installed on the tool base 9.
[0048]
Similarly, as for the 2nd tool stand 14, the Z-axis slide table 12 is installed on the X-axis slide table 11, and the Y-axis slide table 13 is installed in the upper part via the jig | tool. One tool spindle 15 is attached to the second tool rest 14.
The position of each work table device and tool table is clear from FIG. The main body bed 1c has a substantially Y-shape, and the turning device 2A is installed at substantially the center thereof.
[0049]
The swivel device 2A has three independent work table devices 3 that divide the circumferential direction into three equal parts with respect to the center of the device.
The configuration in the second embodiment such as the independent configuration of the work table device 3, the swing drive unit of the swing device 2 </ b> A, the pallet hanger, the swing clamp device, the clamp arm, and the positioning unit is the same as that described in the first embodiment. Therefore, illustration description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0050]
A scroll-shaped machining method in the second embodiment shown in FIGS.
The workpieces 4 are carried in from the direction indicated by the arrow 22 by an automatic loading / unloading device (not shown), and a plurality (three in this embodiment) of workpieces 4 are a plurality (three in this embodiment). It is gripped by the gripping chuck 5 of the holding device and attached to the work table device 3. The work table device 3 on which the work 4 is mounted is turned by 120 degrees and positioned at a position facing the first tool table 9. The workpiece 4 facing the tool table 9 is roughly machined into a scroll shape by a tool attached to a plurality (three in this embodiment) of the tool spindle 10.
[0051]
When the roughing is completed, the work table device 3 is further rotated by 120 degrees, and the work 4 is opposed to the second tool table 14. Here, it is finished into a scroll shape by a tool attached to one tool spindle 15.
When the machining is completed, the work table device 3 is turned by 120 degrees, and the work 4 is carried out by the automatic loading / unloading device.
[0052]
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the processing steps of the scroll component according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is intended for a workpiece that does not require drilling, or a workpiece in which the drilling process is performed in a separate process, among the implementation processes shown in the flowchart of FIG. That is, the work is carried into the scroll shape machining apparatus, and after the machining is performed in the order of the scroll-shaped rough machining 23 and the scroll-shaped finishing process 25, the work is carried out. Since specific processing steps are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
[0053]
[Embodiment 3]
Finally, a scroll-shaped high-accuracy machining method will be described.
The position accuracy of the involute curve is improved by the following method in finishing. The position accuracy of the involute curve is a combination of the deviation between the center coordinate of the outer circumference of the workpiece and the center position of the foundation circle of the involute curve and the deviation in the rotational direction of the involute curve with respect to the center of the foundation circle. is there.
[0054]
First, we will describe how to improve the accuracy of the deviation between the center coordinates of the outer circumference of the workpiece and the center position of the basic circle of the involute curve.
The multiple workpieces that are attached to the workpiece table device by the workpiece holding device have slight variations in the workpiece holding device position of each workpiece table device, so there is an error between the center position of the outer circumference of the workpiece and the center position of the basic circle of the involute curve. Arise. In order to reduce this error, the numerical control device stores in advance the center position of the outer circumference circle for each workpiece holding device, and when the workpiece table device is pivotally indexed to the position facing the finishing tool table, Corresponding to each work holding device of the work table device, the center coordinate of the numerical control device is corrected, the involute shape is processed, and the above error is reduced.
[0055]
Next, a description will be given of increasing the accuracy of the amount of deviation in the rotational direction with respect to the center of the basic circle of the involute curve.
The workpiece holding device of each workpiece table device has an error in the rotation direction with respect to the ideal shape around the center of the basic circle of the involute curve when holding the workpiece. This is because the position of the pin that serves to position the workpiece in the angular direction of each workpiece holding device has a position error for each workpiece holding device. For this reason, the work has an angular variation in the rotation direction for each work holding device. Therefore, the rotation direction error of each work holding device is stored in advance in the numerical control device, and when the work table device is indexed for rotation, the machining program is converted to coordinate rotation corresponding to each work holding device of each work table device. Then, create a new machining program to machine the involute shape. Thereby, the angle error of the involute shape can be reduced.
[0056]
Next, a highly accurate machining method by reducing a tool path error called a radius reduction error will be described.
FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a radius reduction error due to servo tracking delay of the numerical controller, and FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an involute curve.
When the scroll shape is processed at high speed by the orthogonal two-axis processing device, there is a problem that a tool trajectory error called a radius reduction error is generated due to the servo tracking delay of the numerical control device, and the lap shape cannot be processed with high accuracy.
[0057]
FIG. 15 shows a response result and a radius reduction error ΔR when a circular arc command with a radius R is given in an orthogonal X and Y 2-axis machining apparatus. Compared to the radius R of the arc position command shape, the radius of the actual movement locus becomes smaller due to the tracking delay of the servo of the numerical controller. This radius reduction error can be approximately expressed as (Equation 1) by the tool feed speed F and the position loop gain Kp.
[Expression 1]

[0058]
The relationship between the radius reduction error ΔR and the involute curve will be described with reference to FIG.
The radius of curvature R of the involute curve can be expressed as (Formula 2) by the basic circle radius a and the expansion angle θ.
[Expression 2]

[0059]
From (Equation 1) and (Equation 2), the radius reduction error ΔR of the processing apparatus at the expansion angle θ can be expressed as (Equation 3).
[Equation 3]

By calculating in advance the radius reduction error ΔR for each expansion angle obtained by this (Equation 3) and correcting the machining locus of the numerical control program, the radius reduction error can be corrected, and the orthogonal biaxial machining apparatus The scroll shape can be processed with high accuracy.
[0060]
In addition, the following method is taken to improve the processed surface roughness. When the cutting vibration generated in the roughing process is transmitted to the finishing process, the machined surface roughness deteriorates. Therefore, the work table device has an independent structure for each surface. Thereby, when performing roughing and finishing simultaneously, the machining surface roughness can be improved by preventing the cutting vibration generated in the roughing process from being transmitted to the finishing process.
[0061]
With the above configuration, the machining accuracy can be improved, and the machining accuracy with the orthogonal two-axis machining device can be ensured as in the conventional involute dedicated machining device.
From the above, the scroll shape processing apparatus of the present invention can manufacture scroll parts with high accuracy and high efficiency at a lower cost.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a scroll part whose lap portion is mainly formed by an involute curve is subjected to roughing and finishing with a single processing device, and further, high-precision, high-precision drilling. It is possible to provide a scroll-shaped processing apparatus and processing method that can be efficiently implemented and that can reduce the equipment cost of the processing line.
[0063]
In addition, according to the present invention, a tool table is controlled by controlling a slide table that moves orthogonally, and a method for machining an involute curve is adopted. As compared with a processing method using a table, it is possible to provide a scroll-shaped processing device and a processing method capable of reducing the number of control axes and manufacturing a processing device at a low price.
[0064]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, when roughing and finishing are simultaneously performed by a plurality of work table devices, the machining surface roughness is improved by preventing the cutting vibration generated in the roughing process from being transmitted to the finishing process. It is possible to provide a scroll-shaped processing apparatus and processing method that can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a scroll shape processing apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an external plan view of the scroll shape processing apparatus of FIG. 1 as viewed from above.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views at the time of unclamping showing the structure of one independent work table device of the scroll shape machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3A is a front view and FIG. 3B is a side view; is there.
4A and 4B are explanatory views at the time of clamping of the work table device of FIG. 3, in which FIG. 4A is a front view, and FIG. 4B is a side view.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the turning clamp device of the scroll shape machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention as viewed from above.
6 is a plan view of the work table device of the apparatus of FIG. 5 as viewed from above.
7 is a perspective view of a turning clamp device of the work table device of FIG. 3. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a process of processing a scroll component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory views showing rough machining of a scroll shape by the scroll shape machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 9A is a perspective view and FIG. 9B is an enlarged view showing a machining portion;
FIGS. 10A and 10B are explanatory views showing drilling of a scroll part by the scroll shape processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 10A is a perspective view and FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view showing a processing portion;
FIGS. 11A and 11B are explanatory views showing scroll shape finishing by the scroll shape processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 11A is a perspective view and FIG. 11B is an enlarged view showing a processing portion;
FIG. 12 is an external perspective view of a scroll shape processing apparatus showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
13 is an external plan view of the scroll shape processing apparatus of FIG. 12 as viewed from above.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a process of processing a scroll component according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a radius reduction error due to servo tracking delay of the numerical control device;
FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an involute curve.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A ... Processing apparatus main body, 1a, 1c ... Main body bed, 2, 2A ... Swivel device, 3 ... Work base device, 4 ... Work, 5 ... Gripping chuck, 6, 11, 16 ... X-axis slide table, 7, 12, 17, ... Z-axis slide table, 8, 13, 18 ... Y-axis slide table, 9, 14, 19 ... Tool table, 10, 15, 20 ... Tool spindle, 26 ... Tool, 27 ... Lapping, 28 ... Counterbore , 29 ... Rotating clamp device, 30 ... Clamp arm, 31 ... Locate pin, 32 ... Reference pad, 33 ... Hydraulic device, 34 ... Pallet hanger.

Claims (6)

A turning device for turning move the worktable device comprises a plurality independently detachably more support word click of the scroll-shaped having a spiral wrap upstanding on the end plate,
A plurality of tool stands having a tool spindle for rotatably supporting a processing tool;
In the processing apparatus of a scroll shape that includes a main body and Bed the pivoting device and mounting said plurality of tool post,
The pivoting device includes means for positioning to face the respective workpiece table device to the respective tool stand and pivotal movement in a state of being separated from the body base head, facing the respective workpiece table device to the respective tool post And means for clamping to the main body bed in a state of being positioned,
At least one tool stand among the plurality of tool post is a tool spindle which at least two machining tools are mounted, a plurality of on the worktable device clamped state opposite to the tool post workpiece It is configured to perform roughing on the scroll lap at the same time,
At least one other tool post of said plurality of tool post, the rough machining at the same time, by a single processing tool is a tool spindle mounted, the work in a state of being clamped by facing the tool post It is configured to finish the scroll lap of multiple workpieces on the platform device one by one ,
A scroll-shaped processing device characterized by the above. Each of the tool stands is orthogonal to both the Z axis, which is a cutting direction along the tool spindle direction, the X axis which is orthogonal to the Z axis and which is horizontal, and the Z axis and the X axis. The tool spindle can be controlled in each of the three axis directions of the Y axis that moves the tool spindle in the vertical direction, and the scroll lap of the workpiece is configured to be processed by the two-axis control of the XY axis of the tool table ,
The scroll-shaped processing apparatus according to claim 1. A turning device for turning move the worktable device comprises a plurality independently detachably more support word click of the scroll-shaped having a spiral wrap upstanding on the end plate, the tool spindle for rotatably supporting the machining tool in the method in which a plurality of tool post, with the pivoting device and the processing device scroll shape with a body bed for mounting the plurality of tool post, to produce parts of a scroll shape with a
A step of the work is a bunch lifting on one of the work holding device of said plurality of worktable device,
A step of positioning to face with pivotal movement of the respective worktable device each tool post,
A step of clamping each work table device to the main body bed in the positioned state;
A step of simultaneously roughing a scroll lap of a plurality of workpieces on the workpiece table device by the tool table to which at least two processing tools are attached in a state where each workpiece table device is clamped to the main body bed ; ,
With each of the work table devices clamped to the main body bed, the tool table to which one processing tool is attached finishes the scroll laps of a plurality of workpieces on the work table device one by one. Having a process,
A method of manufacturing a scroll-shaped part characterized by the above. Each of the tool stands is orthogonal to both the Z axis, which is a cutting direction along the tool spindle direction, the X axis which is orthogonal to the Z axis and which is horizontal, and the Z axis and the X axis. It can be controlled in each of the three axis directions of the Y axis that moves the tool spindle vertically .
In the step of roughing or finishing the scroll lap of the workpiece, machining by two-axis control of the XY axes of the tool table ,
The method for manufacturing a scroll-shaped part according to claim 3. In the step of machining the scroll lap of the workpiece by the 2-axis control of the XY axes of the tool table ,
In accordance with the expansion angle of the involute curve, the decrease error of the curvature radius from the normal control trajectory programmed in the numerical control device is at least in accordance with the relationship inversely proportional to the radius of curvature of the scroll lap and the relationship proportional to the square of the tool feed speed. Calculate in advance, find the reduction error of the radius of curvature, correct the trajectory of the numerical control program and the tool feed speed according to the extension angle of the involute curve, and control the XY2 axes to reduce the error Processing,
The method of manufacturing a scroll-shaped part according to claim 4 . The swiveling device is incorporated in a swivel drive unit located at the center of the device, the work table device driven by the swivel drive unit, and a lower part of the work table device so as to be able to contact and separate, and guides each work table device. And a turning clamp device that clamps the work table device to the main body bed at a position facing the tool tables, and positioning the work table devices so as to correctly face the tool tables when the work table devices are turned. Means and
The turning clamp device includes a wheel that contacts and separates from the work table device, a clamp arm that clamps the work table device, and a device that performs unclamping and clamping by moving the clamp arm up and down,
The positioning means comprises a locating pin for positioning in the turning direction and a reference pad for positioning in the height direction;
  The scroll-shaped processing apparatus according to claim 1.

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