JP3788588B2 - Parts washing and drying method - Google Patents

Parts washing and drying method Download PDF

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JP3788588B2
JP3788588B2 JP2001275560A JP2001275560A JP3788588B2 JP 3788588 B2 JP3788588 B2 JP 3788588B2 JP 2001275560 A JP2001275560 A JP 2001275560A JP 2001275560 A JP2001275560 A JP 2001275560A JP 3788588 B2 JP3788588 B2 JP 3788588B2
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cleaning
solvent
tank
drying
pressure
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JP2003080187A (en
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武司 土屋
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東静電気株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、油脂系の汚れ等が付着した機械部品やメッキ部品等を減圧下で洗浄し乾燥する部品洗浄乾燥方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
金属製機械部品、メッキ部品、電子部品等の各種部品には、その製造工程や組立工程等において、切削油等の工作油脂、フラックス、塵埃等をはじめとして様々な汚れが付着する。このような汚れが付着した機械部品や電子部品等の被処理物の清浄は、従来、例えば炭化水素系、塩素系等の金属洗浄溶剤を使用して、被処理物を洗浄溶剤に浸漬して超音波による振動を与えて洗浄する浸漬洗浄工程を行ない、次に、洗浄溶剤の蒸気を噴霧して洗浄を行う蒸気洗浄工程を行なうことにより成されている。そして、真空乾燥工程を行うことにより、蒸気洗浄後の被処理物を乾燥している。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、従来の洗浄装置において、浸漬洗浄工程における洗浄乾燥槽への洗浄溶剤の給液、及び洗浄乾燥槽から使用済みの洗浄溶剤を貯溜する溶剤タンクへの排液は、その給液系及び排液系に搬送用のポンプを夫々介設して行われており、駆動機器の重複使用によりコストが全体として増大していた。
【0006】
そこで、本発明は、駆動機器の重複使用を排除して装置のコストを全体として低減することができる部品洗浄乾燥方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記に鑑み提案されたもので、請求項1に記載のものは、洗浄乾燥槽内に被処理物を収容し、該被処理物を洗浄溶剤に浸漬して超音波振動を与えて洗浄する部品洗浄乾燥方法において、
前記洗浄溶剤は溶剤タンク内に貯溜されており、該溶剤タンクから洗浄乾燥槽への洗浄溶剤の給液、及び該洗浄乾燥槽から溶剤タンクへの洗浄溶剤の排液は、洗浄乾燥槽内の圧力と溶剤タンク内の圧力とを大気圧以下であって、尚且つ爆発下限界以下の圧力範囲内で圧力差を付け、圧力に差がついた状態で洗浄乾燥槽と溶剤タンクとの間を連通させることにより、高圧力側の洗浄溶剤を低圧力側に移送することを特徴とする部品洗浄乾燥方法である。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明に係る部品洗浄乾燥装置1の系統構成を示す概略図、図2は部品洗浄乾燥装置1を制御する制御装置50の概略ブロック図である。
【0016】
図1に示すように、工作油脂等の汚れが付着した機械部品や電子部品等の被処理物2の洗浄及び乾燥は、洗浄乾燥槽3内にバスケット4に入れた複数の被処理物2を収容して行われる。この洗浄乾燥槽3内では、例えば炭化水素等の洗浄溶剤を使用して、被処理物2を洗浄溶剤に浸漬して超音波による振動を与えて洗浄する浸漬洗浄工程を行ない、次に洗浄溶剤の蒸気を導入して被処理物2の洗浄を行う蒸気洗浄工程を行ない、さらに蒸気洗浄後の被処理物2を真空乾燥工程を行って乾燥する。
【0017】
洗浄溶剤としては、炭化水素系溶剤(パラフィン、ナフテン)、塩素系溶剤(トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレン)、臭素系溶剤(ノルマルプロピルブロマイド)、フッ素系溶剤(HFC、HFE、HCFC)等が挙げられるが、環境保護の観点から炭化水素系が好ましい。
【0018】
洗浄乾燥槽3は、上部が開閉可能な中空箱体状の耐圧容器であり、上部開口部5に形成されたフランジ部5aにはシール材6を介して、該開口部5を密閉して覆う開閉蓋7が設けられている。この開閉蓋7は、少なくともその天井面(下面)7aが傾斜するように洗浄乾燥槽3の上部開口部5に開閉自在に設けられる。開閉蓋7の天井面7aを傾斜させて設けるのは、この開閉蓋7の天井面7aに溶剤ガスが結露した場合に、溶剤液滴を該天井面7aを伝わらせて傾斜側へと流下させるためであり、傾斜側に集められた溶剤液滴は洗浄乾燥槽3の側壁面3bから底面3aへと流下する。したがって、結露した溶剤滴が被処理物2に付着してシミが発生することを防止できる。
【0019】
洗浄乾燥槽3の底部3aには、後述する溶剤タンクに至る排液系8が本発明の洗浄溶剤排液系として接続されており、該排液系8にはこれを開閉する排液弁9が介設されている。
【0020】
上述の浸漬洗浄工程、蒸気洗浄工程、及び真空乾燥工程は、被処理物2を収容する洗浄乾燥槽3内を炭化水素等の可燃性洗浄溶剤の爆発下限界以下まで減圧して行われるので、洗浄乾燥槽3には、真空ポンプ10に至る排気系11が接続されており、該排気系11にはこれを開閉する洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12が介設されている。
【0021】
また、洗浄乾燥槽3には、その内部に洗浄溶剤を流入して被処理物2を浸漬洗浄するために、溶剤タンク13に至る浸漬洗浄系14が本発明の洗浄溶剤給液系として接続されており、該浸漬洗浄系14にはこれを開閉する浸漬洗浄弁15が介設されている。洗浄乾燥槽3には、その内部に流入された洗浄溶剤のレベルを検出するためのレベルスイッチ16が備えられている。浸漬洗浄工程は、前述したように被処理物2を洗浄溶剤に浸漬して超音波による振動を与えて洗浄する工程であり、したがって、本実施形態の洗浄乾燥槽3には、超音波発生装置3cが備えられている。なお、溶剤タンク13は、上部が覆われた密閉容器であり、後述する分岐排気系を介して真空ポンプ10により減圧される。
【0022】
浸漬洗浄工程の完了後、洗浄乾燥槽3内の洗浄溶剤は、前述したように、上記排液弁9を開放して両者を連通させることにより、洗浄乾燥槽3の傾斜底部3aの最下部に接続された排液系8を通じて溶剤タンク13へと排液される。
【0023】
溶剤タンク13から洗浄乾燥槽3への洗浄溶剤の流入、及び洗浄乾燥槽3から溶剤タンク13への排液は、溶剤タンク13と洗浄乾燥槽3との圧力差により行われる。したがって、洗浄乾燥槽3には、前述したように、真空ポンプ10に至る排気系11が接続されている。また、洗浄乾燥槽3にはその内部圧力を検出する洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ51が備えられるとともに、内部圧力表示する洗浄乾燥槽内圧力計17が備えられており、排気系11の洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12の上流側(洗浄乾燥槽側)には洗浄乾燥槽3の内部圧力を大気開放して調整する洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18が分岐介設されている。
【0024】
また、洗浄乾燥槽3との相対関係において溶剤タンク13の内部圧力を調整する必要があるため、排気系11の洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12の下流側(真空ポンプ側)は分岐され、溶剤タンク13に至る分岐排気系19が接続され、この分岐排気系19には溶剤タンク減圧弁20が介設されている。さらに、溶剤タンク13には、その内部圧力を検出する溶剤タンク圧力センサ52が備えられると共に、内部圧力を表示する溶剤タンク圧力計21が備えられており、その内部圧力を大気開放して調整する溶剤タンク大気開放弁22が備えられている。また、溶剤タンク13内の洗浄溶剤の温度を検出して温度管理を行うための溶剤タンク温度センサ53が設けられており、該溶剤タンク温度センサ53からの信号により洗浄溶剤が所定の温度よりも低下すると、制御装置50がヒータ13aに通電して洗浄溶剤を加熱する。
【0025】
浸漬洗浄工程の完了後、排液弁9を開放して両者を連通することにより、洗浄乾燥槽3内の使用済み洗浄溶剤が排液系8を通じて溶剤タンク13へと排液されるが、洗浄に使用した洗浄溶剤には被処理物2に付着していた各種の汚れが混入している。これらの汚れ成分は洗浄乾燥槽3や排液系8に設けるフィルタ等を通しただけでは除去しきれず、省資源および環境保護の観点から洗浄溶剤を再生して使用する。したがって、溶剤タンク13には、使用済み溶剤を蒸留して凝縮し、再生溶剤として貯留するリザーブタンク23に至る再生処理系24が接続されており、この再生処理系24には蒸留器25及びコンデンサ26が順次介設されている。
【0026】
蒸留器25は、例えば耐熱・耐圧性を有する概略円筒体状の竪型容器であり、本実施形態では蒸留器25の下部を収納する状態で、加熱機構25aが備えられている。この加熱機構25aは、例えばオイル加熱ユニットであり、熱源として電気ヒータを備えており、該ヒータにより加熱媒体としての耐熱オイルを加熱し、この加熱オイルを介して蒸留器25を加熱することにより、この蒸留器25内を流通する汚れ成分を含む洗浄溶剤を加熱して蒸発する。
【0027】
なお、沸点を低下させるために蒸留器25内を減圧する。また、溶剤タンク13から蒸留器25への汚れ成分を含む溶剤の流入は、これら溶剤タンク13と蒸留器25との圧力差により行われ、汚れ成分を含む溶剤は蒸留器25の下部に流入し、気化した溶剤蒸気は蒸留器25の上部から取り出される。
【0028】
再生処理系24の蒸留器25よりも下流側には、この蒸留器25によって蒸留した溶剤蒸気を凝縮して液化するためのコンデンサ26が介設されている。このコンデンサ26の本体は、例えば概略円筒体状の竪型または横型の容器であり、その内部に冷却水を通す冷却細管26aを収納した熱交換器である。コンデンサ26を通過する溶剤蒸気は冷却細管26aに接触して凝縮(液化)され、この液化した再生溶剤がリザーブタンク23内に貯溜される。コンデンサ26とリザーブタンク23との間の再生処理系24には、循環ポンプ27aにより再生溶剤を循環させて水分分離器27bに通して水分を分離してからリザーブタンク23に供給すると共に、コンデンサ26からの再生溶剤をエゼクタ27cにより循環流路内に吸引合流する水分分離機構が介設されており、リザーブタンク23には再生溶剤の貯溜量を検出するレベルスイッチ28が備えられている。なお、上記エゼクタ27cは、蒸留器25内を減圧して蒸留効率を高めている。
【0029】
また、リザーブタンク23には、上記洗浄乾燥槽3へ溶剤蒸気を導入して、該洗浄乾燥槽3内に収容された被処理物2の蒸気洗浄工程を行うために、該洗浄乾燥槽3に至る蒸気洗浄系29が本発明の洗浄溶剤蒸気導入系として接続されている。この蒸気洗浄系29には、リザーブタンク23から導入される再生溶剤を溶剤蒸気として気化させるための熱交換器30が介設されており、リザーブタンク23から熱交換器30への再生溶剤の導入、熱交換器30から洗浄乾燥槽3への溶剤蒸気の導入は、リザーブタンク23と洗浄乾燥槽3との圧力差により行われ、熱交換器30よりも上流側の蒸気洗浄系29にはこれを開閉するための蒸気洗浄補助弁31が介設され、熱交換器30よりも下流側の蒸気洗浄系29にはこれを開閉するための蒸気洗浄弁32が介設されている。
【0030】
熱交換器30の本体は、例えば概略円筒体状の竪型または横型の容器であり、その内部に加熱媒体を通す加熱細管30aを収納しており、該熱交換器30を通過する再生溶剤は加熱細管30aに接触して気化され、溶剤蒸気として洗浄乾燥槽3に導入されることになる。熱交換器30の加熱細管30aに通す加熱媒体としては、電気ヒータ等の加熱手段により加熱したオイルが挙げられる。また、熱交換器30の導入口には、この熱交換器30内へ再生溶剤を霧状にして噴出させるための噴霧ノズル33が設けられており、該熱交換器30内へ再生溶剤を噴霧することにより発生する溶剤蒸気を確実にガス化することができる。
【0031】
前記した各機器、即ち真空ポンプ、各種の弁、及び各種センサは、制御装置50に電気的に接続され、この制御装置50の制御の下で予め設定した手順と条件で作動する。
【0032】
本実施形態における制御装置50は、図2に示すように、CPU、ROM、RAMなどを備えたコンピュータにより構成され、タイマ54を備える。そして、この制御装置50の入力側には、操作パネル55に設けた電源スイッチ56、スタートスイッチ57、減圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ58、復圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ59、低圧真空乾燥時間設定スイッチ60、復圧真空乾燥時間設定スイッチ61の他に、洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ51、洗浄乾燥槽レベルスイッチ16、溶剤タンク温度センサ53、溶剤タンク圧力センサ52、リザーブタンクレベルスイッ28チなどが接続され、出力側には、操作パネル55に設けた表示器62の他に、真空ポンプ10、洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12、排液弁9、浸漬洗浄弁15、溶剤タンクヒータ13a、洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18、分岐排気弁19、溶剤タンク減圧弁20、溶剤タンク大気開放弁22、蒸気洗浄補助弁31、蒸気洗浄弁32、耐熱オイル過熱ヒータなどが接続されている。
【0033】
なお、復圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ59、復圧真空乾燥時間設定スイッチ61は、被処理物2の重量、表面積、微細孔や微細隙間の有無や数などの特質に応じて、復圧時間をタイマ54に設定する入力手段として機能する。また、減圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ58、低圧真空乾燥時間設定スイッチ60は、被処理物に応じて所望する時間をタイマ54に設定する入力手段として機能するものである。
【0034】
そして、本実施形態における制御装置50は、浸漬洗浄工程において、上記洗浄乾燥槽内を200Pa以下に減圧して減圧洗浄を行うと共に、該減圧洗浄を行った後、200Paを超え洗浄溶剤の爆発下限界以下の圧力まで復圧し、この復圧状態で復圧洗浄を行う制御を実行するとともに、真空乾燥工程において、上記洗浄乾燥槽3内を真空ポンプ10の限界値まで減圧して低圧真空乾燥を行うと共に、該低圧真空乾燥を行った後、真空ポンプ10の限界値を開放し洗浄溶剤の爆発下限界以下の圧力まで復圧し、この復圧状態で復圧真空乾燥を行う制御を実行する。
【0035】
また、制御装置50は、減圧洗浄を所定の時間行い、該減圧洗浄を行った後、所定の時間復圧洗浄を行う操作を洗浄工程中で複数回繰り返す制御を実行する。なお、繰り返し回数は、予め設定した固定回数でもよいが、操作パネル55の図示していない操作部(外部入力手段)を操作することにより設定できるようにしてもよい。
【0036】
さらに、制御装置50は、低圧真空乾燥を所定の時間行い、該低圧真空乾燥を行った後、所定の時間復圧真空乾燥する操作を乾燥工程中で複数回繰り返す制御を実行する。なお、この繰り返し回数は、予め設定した固定回数でもよいが、操作パネル55の操作部(外部入力手段)を操作することにより設定できるようにしてもよい。
【0037】
次に、本実施形態における部品洗浄乾燥装置1の操作を具体的に説明する。
準備段階として、洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を開放した後、洗浄乾燥槽3の開閉蓋7を開放して、機械部品等の被処理物2を複数個入れたバスケット4を載置部上に載置し、開閉蓋7をシール部材6を介して密閉状態で閉成する。そして、スタートスイッチ57を操作すると、制御装置50が洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を閉成する。
【0038】
このような準備が整ったら、まず、洗浄乾燥槽3へ洗浄溶剤の給液を行う。給液操作は、制御装置50が溶剤タンク大気開放弁22を開放して溶剤タンク13の内部圧力を溶剤タンク圧力センサ52が爆発下限界以下の500Paを検出するまで大気方向へと戻す。そして、溶剤タンク13の内部圧力が500Paになったことが検出されると、制御装置50が溶剤タンク大気開放弁22を閉成し、浸漬洗浄系14の浸漬洗浄弁15、及び排気系11の洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12を開放すると共に、真空ポンプ10を駆動する。すると、浸漬洗浄弁15が洗浄乾燥槽3と溶剤タンク13との間を連通し、洗浄乾燥槽3と溶剤タンク13との圧力差により、溶剤タンク13内から洗浄溶剤が洗浄乾燥槽3へと給液される。このとき、制御装置50の制御により、溶剤タンク減圧弁20、蒸気洗浄弁32、蒸気洗浄補助弁31、及び排液弁9は閉成されている。そして、洗浄乾燥槽3のレベルスイッチ16の上限レベルスイッチが上限レベルを検出して制御装置50に信号を送ると、これにより、制御装置50が浸漬洗浄弁15及び洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12を閉成すると共に、真空ポンプ10を停止する。
【0039】
そして、真空浸漬洗浄工程を行う。この浸漬洗浄工程では被処理物2が加熱溶剤内に浸漬している状態で、超音波発生装置3cにより超音波振動を与えて浸漬洗浄(超音波洗浄)を行う。具体的には、図3に示すように、真空ポンプ10により排気系11を通じて洗浄乾燥槽3内を洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ51が200Pa以下を検出するまで減圧して減圧洗浄を行うと共に、この減圧洗浄を行った後に制御装置50が洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を開放し、洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ51による検出圧力が200Paを超え、かつ洗浄溶剤の爆発下限界以下の500Paの圧力を指示するまで大気圧方向へと復圧して、この復圧状態で復圧洗浄を行い、この復圧洗浄の所定時間が経過した後に洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を閉成し、再度、真空ポンプ10により排気系11を通じて洗浄乾燥槽3内を200Pa以下に減圧して減圧洗浄を行うという、減圧洗浄と復圧洗浄を繰り返し行う。
【0040】
本実施形態では、洗浄乾燥槽3内を200Pa以下に減圧して行う減圧洗浄を所定の時間(T1)行い、この減圧洗浄を行った後、所定の時間(T2)だけ復圧洗浄する操作を定期的に複数回繰り返して洗浄を行っており、200Paを超え爆発下限界以下の圧力の復圧時(T2)に被処理物2に超音波振動を与えている。ただし、超音波を振動を与えるのは復圧洗浄時(T2)に限る必要はなく、連続して発信してもよい。
【0041】
洗浄乾燥槽3内を200Pa以下に減圧して減圧洗浄を行うのは、洗浄溶剤の爆発下限界値との間に圧力差を確保して減圧洗浄を効果的に行うためである。
一方、200Paを超え爆発下限界以下の圧力まで復圧するのは、減圧洗浄の圧力との間に圧力差を確保すると共に、洗浄溶剤の引火を防止するためである。
【0042】
このように復圧洗浄を実施する理由は、被処理物2に微細な空間、例えば微細な孔(特に直径に比較して深い孔)が存在する場合には、洗浄溶剤中に浸漬しても微細な孔の中に空気が残留して抜け難く、すなわち孔内に洗浄溶剤が浸入し難く、超音波洗浄を施しても孔内部へ洗浄溶剤が浸透していかない。また、一度減圧しただけでは、孔内の空気が膨張して、膨張した分の空気が抜けたとしても洗浄溶剤が孔内に浸透していかない。そこで、孔の中の空気を減圧して膨張させて希薄にして膨張分は排出し、その後の復圧操作により残った空気を収縮させることによりこの収縮分の洗浄溶剤を浸透させ、この減圧と復圧とを繰り返すことにより、孔の中から空気を抜け出し易くして、孔内部へ洗浄溶剤を浸透させ、浸透した洗浄溶剤を介して孔の内周面に超音波を伝播して超音波洗浄を効率良く行うものである。
【0043】
なお、ポーラス状の微細な孔や狭い隙間を洗浄する場合には、孔等の中の空気は抜け難いので、減圧洗浄の時間(T1)を長めに設定した方がよいが、比較的大きい孔を洗浄する場合には、復圧洗浄の時間(T2)に超音波振動を与えて洗浄した方が効果が大きい。上記した時間の調整は、前記したように、操作パネル55の減圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ、復圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ59の操作により、被処理物2に応じて設定することができる。
【0044】
浸漬洗浄の完了後に、洗浄乾燥槽3内の汚れ成分を含む溶剤を排液する。排液操作は、制御装置50からの信号により洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を開放し、洗浄乾燥槽3の内部圧力を洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ51が爆発下限界以下の500Paを検出するまで大気方向へと戻す。そして、500Paを検出したならば、洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を閉成し、排液系8の排液弁9、及び分岐排気系19の溶剤タンク減圧弁20を開放すると共に、真空ポンプ10を駆動する。すると、排液弁9の開放により洗浄乾燥槽3と溶剤タンク13とが連通し、これにより洗浄乾燥槽3と溶剤タンク13との圧力差により、洗浄乾燥槽3内から汚れ成分を含む溶剤が溶剤タンク13へと排液される。そして、洗浄乾燥槽3のレベルスイッチ16の下限レベル検出により、排液弁9及び溶剤タンク減圧弁20を閉成する。
【0045】
排液操作の完了後、仕上げ蒸気洗浄工程に移行する。蒸気洗浄工程では、真空ポンプ10は既に駆動状態にあり、制御装置50が排気系11の洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12を開放した後、蒸気洗浄系29の蒸気洗浄弁32及び蒸気洗浄補助弁31を開放する。蒸気洗浄弁32及び蒸気洗浄補助弁31の開放タイミングは、洗浄乾燥槽3の洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ51が100Pa以下の減圧状態を検出したときである。すると、洗浄乾燥槽3とリザーブタンク23との圧力差により、リザーブタンク23から熱交換器30の溶剤導入口30cに導入され、該溶剤導入口30cに設けられた噴霧ノズル33のノズル口33aから溶剤細管30bへ再生溶剤が霧状に噴出されることにより、霧状溶剤が溶剤細管30b内を通過しながら加熱媒体の通過する加熱細管30aと熱交換してガス化し、溶剤液滴の混入しない完全なる溶剤ガスとして洗浄乾燥槽3に導入される。したがって、熱交換器30を大型化することなく、洗浄乾燥槽3に導入する溶剤蒸気への溶剤液滴の混入を防止し、後述する真空乾燥後の被処理物2へのシミの付着を防止することができるものである。
【0046】
蒸気洗浄を所定の時間行った後に制御装置50が蒸気洗浄弁32及び蒸気洗浄補助弁31を閉成して蒸気洗浄工程を完了し、真空乾燥工程へと移行する。移行した時点では真空ポンプ10は継続して駆動状態であり、排気系11の洗浄乾燥槽真空弁12を開放したままであり、真空ポンプ10の限界値まで減圧する。なお、真空ポンプ10は、真空乾燥に理想的な圧力である約7Pa以下まで減圧する能力を備えている。そして、限界値に達したならば、この状態を所定時間維持して低圧真空乾燥を行い、その所定時間経過後に制御装置50が洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を開放して、即ち真空ポンプ10の限界値を開放し、洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ51が爆発下限界以下の500Paを検出するまで大気方向へと戻す。すなわち、復圧する。そして、500Paを検出すると、この復圧状態を所定時間だけ維持して復圧真空乾燥を行い、その後に再度洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を閉成して真空ポンプ限界値まで減圧する。本実施形態では、真空ポンプ限界値での低圧真空乾燥を所定の時間(T1)だけ継続して行い、該真空ポンプ限界値での真空乾燥を行った後に、所定の時間(T2)だけ復圧乾燥する操作を乾燥工程中で複数回繰り返して、乾燥を行っている。
【0047】
このように乾燥工程中で復圧するのは、真空乾燥を行うと、被処理物2に付着した溶剤が気化するときに、気化熱を奪い、被処理物2の表面温度が低下し、この温度低下によって乾燥効率が低下するので、洗浄乾燥槽3の内部圧力を所定時間(T1)ごとに爆発下限界以下の500Paまで大気方向へと復圧して、復圧により蒸発が抑制、すなわち気化熱が奪われて冷却されることを一時的に抑制し、この間に被処理物2が保有する芯熱(内部の熱)を表面に呼び戻して表面温度を高め、この表面温度上昇後に、再び真空方向へと減圧することにより被処理物2の表面からの蒸発を促進させ、これにより総括的に乾燥効率を向上させるものである。
【0048】
本実施形態では、上記復圧状態の保持時間(T2)は、被処理物2に応じて可変である。例えば、リードフレーム等の肉厚の薄い部品の被処理物2を洗浄した後に乾燥を行うと、気化熱が奪われ、被処理物2全体の温度が低下し易い。一方、質量の比較的大きな(表面積の割りに重い)被処理物2は、復圧操作により洗浄乾燥槽3の内部圧力を大気圧方向へと戻すことにより、被処理物2の芯熱が呼び戻され易く、したがって、再び減圧することにより乾燥が促進される割合が高い。しかしながら、薄物の被処理物2の場合には芯熱の絶対量が少ないために、表面の温度上昇を肉厚物ほどには期待することができない。また、洗浄乾燥槽3自体には加熱洗浄溶剤の熱が残っているが、洗浄乾燥槽3内が真空ポンプ10の限界値まで減圧されていると、空気による熱伝導も期待できない。そこで、上記復圧真空乾燥の保持時間(T2)を可変とし、薄物の被処理物2の場合には、爆発下限界以下の500Paまで戻している時間(T2)を長く設定することにより、洗浄乾燥槽3の熱を被処理物2に導入した空気を介して伝導させて加熱し、被処理物2の表面温度が高められてから再び真空ポンプ限界値へと減圧することにより、乾燥を促進させることができるものである。すなわち、復圧真空乾燥の時間T2を調整すると、被処理物2が薄物であるか、厚物であるかにかかわらず、真空乾燥工程において乾燥効率を向上させることができ、乾燥時間を大幅に短縮することができる。
【0049】
真空乾燥工程が完了したら、制御装置50が洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18を開放して、洗浄乾燥槽3の内部圧力を大気開放し、全工程の終了を報知する。そして、洗浄乾燥槽3の開閉蓋7を開放すれば、バスケット4と共に洗浄乾燥された複数の被処理物2を取り出すことができる。
【0050】
また、浸漬洗浄系14による溶剤タンク13から洗浄乾燥槽3への給液、排液系8による洗浄乾燥槽3から溶剤タンク13への排液、及び蒸気洗浄系29によるリザーブタンク23から洗浄乾燥槽3への溶剤蒸気の導入については、全て真空ポンプ10が駆動機器の役割を果たしており、排気系11を通じて洗浄乾燥槽3を、もしくは分岐排気系19を通じて溶剤タンク13を減圧し、あるいは洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁18により洗浄乾燥槽3の内部圧力を大気開放し、もしくは溶剤タンク大気開放弁22により溶剤タンク13の内部圧力を大気開放することにより、洗浄乾燥槽3と溶剤タンク13とに圧力差を与えて、あるいは洗浄乾燥槽3とリザーブタンク23とに圧力差を与えて、洗浄溶剤や溶剤蒸気の移送を行っている。したがって、駆動機器の重複使用を排除して部品洗浄乾燥装置1の装置コストを全体として低減することができる。
【0051】
なお、前記減圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ58、復圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ59、低圧真空乾燥時間設定スイッチ60、復圧真空乾燥設定スイッチ61は、公知のスイッチを適宜選択して構成することができ、テンキー、或いは表示器62と一体化したタッチパネルスイッチでもよい。
【0052】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明によれば、以下の効果を奏する。
すなわち、洗浄溶剤は溶剤タンク内に貯溜されており、該溶剤タンクから洗浄乾燥槽への洗浄溶剤の給液、及び該洗浄乾燥槽から溶剤タンクへの洗浄溶剤の排液は、これら洗浄乾燥槽から溶剤タンクとの圧力差により行われるので、真空ポンプが共通の駆動機器の役割を果たし、駆動機器の重複使用を排除して部品洗浄乾燥装置の装置コストを全体として低減することができる。そして、圧力差により洗浄溶剤を移送する際に、いずれの圧力も爆発下限界以下の圧力範囲なので、引火性のある洗浄溶剤であっても安全に行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る部品洗浄乾燥装置の系統構成を示す概略図である。
【図2】制御装置の概略ブロック図である。
【図3】本実施形態の部品洗浄乾燥装置における浸漬洗浄工程を示す概略図である。
【図4】本実施形態の部品洗浄乾燥装置における真空乾燥工程を示す概略図である。
【図5】本実施形態の部品洗浄乾燥装置における一連の洗浄乾燥工程を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 部品洗浄乾燥装置
2 被処理物
3 洗浄乾燥槽
4 バスケット
5 上部開口部
5a フランジ部
6 シール材
7 開閉蓋
7a 開閉蓋の天井面
8 排液系
9 排液弁
10 真空ポンプ
11 排気系
12 洗浄乾燥槽真空弁
13 溶剤タンク
13a ヒータ
14 浸漬洗浄系
15 浸漬洗浄弁
16 レベルスイッチ
17 洗浄乾燥槽内圧力計
18 洗浄乾燥槽大気開放弁
19 分岐排気系
20 溶剤タンク減圧弁
21 溶剤タンク圧力計
22 溶剤タンク大気開放弁
23 リザーブタンク
24 再生処理系
25 蒸留器
26 コンデンサ
26a 冷却細管
27a 循環ポンプ
27b 水分分離器
27c エゼクタ
28 レベルスイッチ
29 蒸気洗浄系
30 熱交換器
30a 加熱細管
31 蒸気洗浄補助弁
32 蒸気洗浄弁
33 噴霧ノズル
50 制御装置
51 洗浄乾燥槽圧力センサ
52 溶剤タンク圧力センサ
53 溶剤タンク温度センサ
54 タイマ
55 操作パネル
56 電源スイッチ
57 スタートスイッチ
58 減圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ
59 復圧洗浄時間設定スイッチ
60 低圧真空乾燥時間設定スイッチ
61 復圧真空乾燥時間設定スイッチ
62 表示器
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to mechanical parts and plated parts dirt fat system is attached such to the parts washing and drying method of drying washed under reduced pressure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various stains such as machining oil such as cutting oil, flux, dust and the like adhere to various parts such as metal machine parts, plated parts, and electronic parts in the manufacturing process and assembly process. For cleaning such objects such as machine parts and electronic parts that are contaminated with dirt, conventionally, for example, a hydrocarbon-based or chlorine-based metal cleaning solvent is used, and the object to be processed is immersed in the cleaning solvent. An immersion cleaning process for cleaning by applying vibration by ultrasonic waves is performed, and then a steam cleaning process for cleaning by spraying a vapor of a cleaning solvent is performed. And the to-be-processed object after steam washing is dried by performing a vacuum drying process.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the conventional cleaning apparatus, the supply of the cleaning solvent to the cleaning / drying tank in the immersion cleaning process, and the drainage from the cleaning / drying tank to the solvent tank for storing the used cleaning solvent, Each of the liquid systems is provided with a conveying pump, and the cost is increased as a whole due to the redundant use of the driving equipment.
[0006]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a component washing and drying method that can reduce the cost of the apparatus as a whole by eliminating redundant use of drive devices.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and according to the first aspect of the present invention, an object to be processed is accommodated in a cleaning / drying tank, and the object to be processed is immersed in a cleaning solvent to give ultrasonic vibration. In the parts washing and drying method for washing
The cleaning solvent is stored in a solvent tank, and the supply of the cleaning solvent from the solvent tank to the cleaning / drying tank and the drainage of the cleaning solvent from the cleaning / drying tank to the solvent tank are performed in the cleaning / drying tank. Make a pressure difference between the pressure and the pressure in the solvent tank within the pressure range below the atmospheric pressure and below the lower explosion limit. A cleaning and drying method for parts, wherein the cleaning solvent on the high pressure side is transferred to the low pressure side by communicating.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system configuration of a component cleaning / drying apparatus 1 according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control device 50 for controlling the component cleaning / drying apparatus 1.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 1, cleaning and drying of workpieces 2 such as machine parts and electronic components to which dirt such as machine oil and fat is attached are performed by cleaning a plurality of workpieces 2 placed in a basket 4 in a cleaning / drying tank 3. Accommodated. In this cleaning / drying tank 3, for example, a cleaning solvent such as hydrocarbon is used to perform an immersion cleaning process in which the workpiece 2 is immersed in the cleaning solvent and cleaned by applying ultrasonic vibration, and then the cleaning solvent is used. Then, a steam cleaning step is performed to clean the workpiece 2 by introducing the steam, and the workpiece 2 after the steam cleaning is dried by performing a vacuum drying step.
[0017]
Examples of cleaning solvents include hydrocarbon solvents (paraffin, naphthene), chlorine solvents (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene), bromine solvents (normal propyl bromide), fluorine solvents (HFC, HFE, HCFC), etc. Hydrocarbons are preferred from the viewpoint of protection.
[0018]
The washing / drying tank 3 is a hollow box-shaped pressure-resistant container whose upper part can be opened and closed. The flange part 5 a formed in the upper opening part 5 is hermetically covered with the opening part 5 via a sealing material 6. An open / close lid 7 is provided. The open / close lid 7 is provided in an openable and closable manner in the upper opening 5 of the cleaning / drying tank 3 so that at least the ceiling surface (lower surface) 7a is inclined. The ceiling surface 7a of the opening / closing lid 7 is provided to be inclined so that when solvent gas is condensed on the ceiling surface 7a of the opening / closing lid 7, the solvent droplets flow down the inclination surface through the ceiling surface 7a. Therefore, the solvent droplets collected on the inclined side flow down from the side wall surface 3b of the cleaning / drying tank 3 to the bottom surface 3a. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the condensed solvent droplets from adhering to the workpiece 2 and causing spots.
[0019]
A drainage system 8 leading to a solvent tank, which will be described later, is connected to the bottom 3a of the cleaning / drying tank 3 as a cleaning solvent drainage system according to the present invention. A drainage valve 9 for opening and closing the drainage system 8 is connected to the drainage system 8. Is installed.
[0020]
Since the above-described immersion cleaning process, steam cleaning process, and vacuum drying process are performed by reducing the pressure in the cleaning / drying tank 3 containing the workpiece 2 to below the lower explosion limit of a flammable cleaning solvent such as hydrocarbons. An exhaust system 11 leading to the vacuum pump 10 is connected to the cleaning / drying tank 3, and a cleaning / drying tank vacuum valve 12 for opening and closing the exhaust system 11 is interposed in the exhaust system 11.
[0021]
In addition, an immersion cleaning system 14 that reaches the solvent tank 13 is connected to the cleaning / drying tank 3 as a cleaning solvent supply system of the present invention in order to allow the cleaning solvent to flow into the cleaning / drying tank 3 to immerse and clean the workpiece 2. The immersion cleaning system 14 is provided with an immersion cleaning valve 15 for opening and closing it. The cleaning / drying tank 3 is provided with a level switch 16 for detecting the level of the cleaning solvent flowing into the cleaning / drying tank 3. The immersion cleaning process is a process in which the workpiece 2 is immersed in a cleaning solvent and cleaned by applying ultrasonic vibration as described above. Therefore, the cleaning / drying tank 3 of the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic generator. 3c is provided. The solvent tank 13 is a sealed container with an upper part covered, and is depressurized by the vacuum pump 10 through a branch exhaust system described later.
[0022]
After the immersion cleaning process is completed, the cleaning solvent in the cleaning / drying tank 3 is placed at the lowermost part of the inclined bottom 3a of the cleaning / drying tank 3 by opening the drain valve 9 and connecting the two as described above. The liquid is discharged to the solvent tank 13 through the connected drainage system 8.
[0023]
The inflow of the cleaning solvent from the solvent tank 13 to the cleaning / drying tank 3 and the drainage from the cleaning / drying tank 3 to the solvent tank 13 are performed by a pressure difference between the solvent tank 13 and the cleaning / drying tank 3. Therefore, the exhaust system 11 reaching the vacuum pump 10 is connected to the cleaning / drying tank 3 as described above. The cleaning / drying tank 3 is provided with a cleaning / drying tank pressure sensor 51 for detecting the internal pressure of the cleaning / drying tank 3 and a pressure gauge 17 in the cleaning / drying tank for displaying the internal pressure. A cleaning / drying tank air release valve 18 that branches and adjusts the internal pressure of the cleaning / drying tank 3 to the atmosphere is provided on the upstream side (the cleaning / drying tank side) of the valve 12.
[0024]
Further, since it is necessary to adjust the internal pressure of the solvent tank 13 relative to the cleaning / drying tank 3, the downstream side (vacuum pump side) of the cleaning / drying tank vacuum valve 12 of the exhaust system 11 is branched, and the solvent tank 13. A branch exhaust system 19 is connected to this, and a solvent tank pressure reducing valve 20 is interposed in the branch exhaust system 19. Further, the solvent tank 13 is provided with a solvent tank pressure sensor 52 for detecting the internal pressure and a solvent tank pressure gauge 21 for displaying the internal pressure, and adjusts the internal pressure by opening it to the atmosphere. A solvent tank atmosphere release valve 22 is provided. Further, a solvent tank temperature sensor 53 for detecting the temperature of the cleaning solvent in the solvent tank 13 and performing temperature management is provided, and the cleaning solvent has a temperature higher than a predetermined temperature by a signal from the solvent tank temperature sensor 53. When lowered, the control device 50 energizes the heater 13a to heat the cleaning solvent.
[0025]
After completion of the immersion cleaning process, the drainage valve 9 is opened to communicate with each other, whereby the used cleaning solvent in the cleaning / drying tank 3 is drained to the solvent tank 13 through the drainage system 8. In the cleaning solvent used in the above, various kinds of dirt adhering to the workpiece 2 are mixed. These dirt components cannot be removed by simply passing through a filter or the like provided in the washing / drying tank 3 or the drainage system 8, and the washing solvent is regenerated and used from the viewpoint of resource saving and environmental protection. Accordingly, the solvent tank 13 is connected to a regeneration processing system 24 that reaches the reserve tank 23 that condenses the used solvent by distillation and stores it as a regeneration solvent. The regeneration processing system 24 includes a distiller 25 and a condenser. 26 are sequentially provided.
[0026]
The distiller 25 is, for example, a generally cylindrical bowl-shaped container having heat resistance and pressure resistance. In the present embodiment, a heating mechanism 25 a is provided in a state in which the lower part of the distiller 25 is accommodated. The heating mechanism 25a is, for example, an oil heating unit, and includes an electric heater as a heat source. The heat-resistant oil as a heating medium is heated by the heater, and the distiller 25 is heated through the heating oil. The cleaning solvent containing the dirt component flowing through the distiller 25 is heated and evaporated.
[0027]
In order to lower the boiling point, the inside of the still 25 is depressurized. Further, the inflow of the solvent containing the dirt component from the solvent tank 13 to the distiller 25 is performed by the pressure difference between the solvent tank 13 and the distiller 25, and the solvent containing the dirt component flows into the lower part of the distiller 25. The vaporized solvent vapor is taken out from the upper part of the distiller 25.
[0028]
A condenser 26 for condensing and liquefying the solvent vapor distilled by the distiller 25 is provided downstream of the distiller 25 of the regeneration processing system 24. The main body of the condenser 26 is, for example, a generally cylindrical bowl-shaped or horizontal container, and is a heat exchanger that houses a cooling thin tube 26a through which cooling water passes. The solvent vapor passing through the condenser 26 is condensed (liquefied) in contact with the cooling thin tube 26 a, and the liquefied regenerated solvent is stored in the reserve tank 23. In the regeneration processing system 24 between the condenser 26 and the reserve tank 23, the regeneration solvent is circulated by a circulation pump 27 a, passed through a moisture separator 27 b to separate moisture, and then supplied to the reserve tank 23. A water separation mechanism for sucking and regenerating the regenerated solvent from the recycle solvent into the circulation flow path by the ejector 27c is interposed, and the reserve tank 23 is provided with a level switch 28 for detecting the storage amount of the regenerated solvent. The ejector 27c increases the distillation efficiency by reducing the pressure in the distiller 25.
[0029]
In addition, in the reserve tank 23, the solvent vapor is introduced into the washing / drying tank 3, and a vapor washing process of the workpiece 2 accommodated in the washing / drying tank 3 is performed. A vapor cleaning system 29 is connected as the cleaning solvent vapor introducing system of the present invention. The steam cleaning system 29 is provided with a heat exchanger 30 for vaporizing the regenerated solvent introduced from the reserve tank 23 as solvent vapor, and the regenerative solvent is introduced from the reserve tank 23 to the heat exchanger 30. The introduction of the solvent vapor from the heat exchanger 30 to the washing / drying tank 3 is performed by a pressure difference between the reserve tank 23 and the washing / drying tank 3, and this is introduced into the vapor washing system 29 upstream of the heat exchanger 30. A steam cleaning auxiliary valve 31 for opening and closing the steam cleaning valve 31 is interposed, and a steam cleaning valve 32 for opening and closing the steam cleaning system 29 downstream of the heat exchanger 30 is interposed.
[0030]
The main body of the heat exchanger 30 is, for example, a substantially cylindrical bowl-shaped or horizontal container, and stores therein a heating thin tube 30a through which a heating medium passes, and the regenerating solvent that passes through the heat exchanger 30 is It is vaporized in contact with the heating thin tube 30a and is introduced into the washing / drying tank 3 as solvent vapor. Examples of the heating medium passed through the heating thin tube 30a of the heat exchanger 30 include oil heated by heating means such as an electric heater. A spray nozzle 33 is provided at the inlet of the heat exchanger 30 for spraying the regenerated solvent into the heat exchanger 30 in the form of a mist. The regenerated solvent is sprayed into the heat exchanger 30. By doing so, the solvent vapor generated can be reliably gasified.
[0031]
Each of the above-described devices, that is, a vacuum pump, various valves, and various sensors are electrically connected to the control device 50, and operate according to preset procedures and conditions under the control of the control device 50.
[0032]
As shown in FIG. 2, the control device 50 in the present embodiment is configured by a computer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and includes a timer 54. On the input side of the control device 50, a power switch 56, a start switch 57, a reduced pressure cleaning time setting switch 58, a return pressure cleaning time setting switch 59, a low pressure vacuum drying time setting switch 60 provided on the operation panel 55, In addition to the pressure / vacuum drying time setting switch 61, a cleaning / drying tank pressure sensor 51, a cleaning / drying tank level switch 16, a solvent tank temperature sensor 53, a solvent tank pressure sensor 52, a reserve tank level switch 28, etc. are connected to the output side. In addition to the indicator 62 provided on the operation panel 55, the vacuum pump 10, the cleaning / drying tank vacuum valve 12, the drainage valve 9, the immersion cleaning valve 15, the solvent tank heater 13a, the cleaning / drying tank air release valve 18, Branch exhaust valve 19, solvent tank pressure reducing valve 20, solvent tank air release valve 22, steam cleaning auxiliary valve 31, steam cleaning valve 32, heat-resistant oil Thermal heater is connected.
[0033]
The return pressure cleaning time setting switch 59 and the return pressure vacuum drying time setting switch 61 are used to set the return pressure time to a timer according to characteristics such as the weight, surface area, presence / absence and number of fine holes and fine gaps of the workpiece 2. 54 functions as an input means. Further, the reduced pressure cleaning time setting switch 58 and the low pressure vacuum drying time setting switch 60 function as input means for setting a desired time in the timer 54 according to the object to be processed.
[0034]
In the immersion cleaning process, the control device 50 according to the present embodiment performs the vacuum cleaning by reducing the pressure in the cleaning / drying tank to 200 Pa or less, and after performing the vacuum cleaning, In the vacuum drying process, the pressure in the cleaning / drying tank 3 is reduced to the limit value of the vacuum pump 10 to perform low-pressure vacuum drying. At the same time, after the low-pressure vacuum drying, the limit value of the vacuum pump 10 is opened, the pressure is returned to a pressure below the lower explosion limit of the cleaning solvent, and the control for performing the pressure-reduced vacuum drying in this pressure-reduced state is executed.
[0035]
In addition, the control device 50 performs control for repeating the vacuum cleaning for a predetermined time, repeating the vacuum cleaning for a predetermined time, and then repeating the operation for performing the pressure recovery cleaning for a predetermined time a plurality of times during the cleaning process. The number of repetitions may be a fixed number set in advance, but may be set by operating an operation unit (external input means) (not shown) of the operation panel 55.
[0036]
Further, the control device 50 performs control for performing low-pressure vacuum drying for a predetermined time, repeating the low-pressure vacuum drying for a predetermined time, and then repeating the operation of performing vacuum decompression for a predetermined time a plurality of times during the drying process. The number of repetitions may be a fixed number set in advance, but may be set by operating the operation unit (external input means) of the operation panel 55.
[0037]
Next, the operation of the component cleaning / drying apparatus 1 in the present embodiment will be specifically described.
As a preparatory stage, after opening the cleaning / drying tank air release valve 18, the opening / closing lid 7 of the cleaning / drying tank 3 is opened, and a basket 4 containing a plurality of workpieces 2 such as machine parts is placed on the mounting portion. Then, the open / close lid 7 is closed in a sealed state via the seal member 6. When the start switch 57 is operated, the control device 50 closes the cleaning / drying tank atmosphere release valve 18.
[0038]
When such preparation is completed, first, the cleaning solvent is supplied to the cleaning / drying tank 3. In the liquid supply operation, the control device 50 opens the solvent tank atmospheric release valve 22 and returns the internal pressure of the solvent tank 13 to the atmospheric direction until the solvent tank pressure sensor 52 detects 500 Pa below the lower explosion limit. Then, when it is detected that the internal pressure of the solvent tank 13 has reached 500 Pa, the control device 50 closes the solvent tank air release valve 22, the immersion cleaning valve 15 of the immersion cleaning system 14, and the exhaust system 11. The cleaning / drying tank vacuum valve 12 is opened and the vacuum pump 10 is driven. Then, the immersion cleaning valve 15 communicates between the cleaning / drying tank 3 and the solvent tank 13, and the cleaning solvent is transferred from the solvent tank 13 to the cleaning / drying tank 3 due to a pressure difference between the cleaning / drying tank 3 and the solvent tank 13. The liquid is supplied. At this time, under the control of the control device 50, the solvent tank pressure reducing valve 20, the steam cleaning valve 32, the steam cleaning auxiliary valve 31, and the drain valve 9 are closed. Then, when the upper limit level switch of the level switch 16 of the cleaning / drying tank 3 detects the upper limit level and sends a signal to the control device 50, the control device 50 closes the immersion cleaning valve 15 and the cleaning / drying chamber vacuum valve 12. At the same time, the vacuum pump 10 is stopped.
[0039]
Then, a vacuum immersion cleaning process is performed. In this immersion cleaning process, immersion cleaning (ultrasonic cleaning) is performed by applying ultrasonic vibration by the ultrasonic generator 3c while the workpiece 2 is immersed in the heating solvent. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the inside of the cleaning / drying tank 3 is decompressed by the vacuum pump 10 through the exhaust system 11 until the cleaning / drying tank pressure sensor 51 detects 200 Pa or less, and the reduced pressure cleaning is performed. After cleaning, the control device 50 opens the cleaning / drying tank atmospheric release valve 18 until the pressure detected by the cleaning / drying tank pressure sensor 51 exceeds 200 Pa and indicates a pressure of 500 Pa below the lower explosion limit of the cleaning solvent. The pressure is restored to the atmospheric pressure direction, and the return pressure cleaning is performed in this return pressure state. After a predetermined time of the return pressure cleaning, the cleaning / drying tank atmosphere release valve 18 is closed, and the vacuum pump 10 is exhausted again. The reduced pressure cleaning and the return pressure cleaning, in which the inside of the cleaning / drying tank 3 is reduced to 200 Pa or less through the system 11 and the reduced pressure cleaning is performed, are repeated.
[0040]
In the present embodiment, the depressurized cleaning performed by depressurizing the inside of the cleaning / drying tank 3 to 200 Pa or less is performed for a predetermined time (T1). The cleaning is performed periodically and repeatedly a plurality of times, and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the workpiece 2 at the time of return (T2) at a pressure exceeding 200 Pa and below the lower explosion limit. However, it is not necessary to apply the vibration to the ultrasonic wave at the time of return pressure cleaning (T2), and it may be transmitted continuously.
[0041]
The reason why the cleaning / drying tank 3 is decompressed to 200 Pa or less to perform the decompression cleaning is to effectively perform the decompression cleaning while ensuring a pressure difference with the lower explosion limit value of the cleaning solvent.
On the other hand, the reason why the pressure is returned to a pressure exceeding 200 Pa and below the lower limit of explosion is to ensure a pressure difference from the pressure of the vacuum cleaning and to prevent the cleaning solvent from igniting.
[0042]
The reason why the return pressure cleaning is performed in this way is that, if the object to be processed 2 has a fine space, for example, a fine hole (especially a deep hole compared to the diameter), it can be immersed in the cleaning solvent. Air remains in the fine holes and is difficult to escape, that is, it is difficult for the cleaning solvent to enter the holes, and the cleaning solvent does not penetrate into the holes even if ultrasonic cleaning is performed. Further, once the pressure is reduced, the air in the hole expands, and the cleaning solvent does not penetrate into the hole even if the expanded air is removed. Therefore, the air in the hole is depressurized and expanded to dilute, and the expanded portion is discharged, and the remaining air is contracted by the subsequent return pressure operation to infiltrate the cleaning solvent for this contraction. Repeating the return pressure makes it easier for air to escape from the hole, so that the cleaning solvent penetrates into the hole, and ultrasonic waves are propagated to the inner peripheral surface of the hole through the permeated cleaning solvent to perform ultrasonic cleaning. Is performed efficiently.
[0043]
When cleaning porous fine holes or narrow gaps, the air in the holes is difficult to escape, so it is better to set the vacuum cleaning time (T1) longer. In the case of cleaning, it is more effective to apply ultrasonic vibration during the pressure-recovery cleaning time (T2). The time adjustment described above can be set according to the workpiece 2 by operating the reduced pressure cleaning time setting switch and the return pressure cleaning time setting switch 59 of the operation panel 55 as described above.
[0044]
After completion of the immersion cleaning, the solvent containing the dirt component in the cleaning / drying tank 3 is drained. The drainage operation is performed by opening the cleaning / drying tank atmosphere release valve 18 in accordance with a signal from the control device 50 and measuring the internal pressure of the cleaning / drying tank 3 until the cleaning / drying tank pressure sensor 51 detects 500 Pa below the lower explosion limit. Return to. If 500 Pa is detected, the cleaning / drying tank atmosphere release valve 18 is closed, the drain valve 9 of the drain system 8 and the solvent tank pressure reducing valve 20 of the branch exhaust system 19 are opened, and the vacuum pump 10 is opened. Drive. Then, the drainage valve 9 is opened so that the cleaning / drying tank 3 and the solvent tank 13 communicate with each other. As a result, the solvent containing the soil component is discharged from the cleaning / drying tank 3 due to the pressure difference between the cleaning / drying tank 3 and the solvent tank 13. The liquid is discharged to the solvent tank 13. Then, the drain valve 9 and the solvent tank pressure reducing valve 20 are closed by detecting the lower limit level of the level switch 16 of the washing / drying tank 3.
[0045]
After the drainage operation is completed, the process proceeds to the finishing steam cleaning process. In the steam cleaning process, the vacuum pump 10 is already in a driving state, and after the controller 50 opens the cleaning / drying tank vacuum valve 12 of the exhaust system 11, the steam cleaning valve 32 and the steam cleaning auxiliary valve 31 of the steam cleaning system 29 are turned on. Open. The opening timing of the steam cleaning valve 32 and the steam cleaning auxiliary valve 31 is when the cleaning / drying tank pressure sensor 51 of the cleaning / drying tank 3 detects a reduced pressure state of 100 Pa or less. Then, due to the pressure difference between the washing / drying tank 3 and the reserve tank 23, it is introduced from the reserve tank 23 into the solvent introduction port 30c of the heat exchanger 30, and from the nozzle port 33a of the spray nozzle 33 provided at the solvent introduction port 30c. When the regenerated solvent is ejected in the form of a mist to the solvent capillary 30b, the mist solvent is heat exchanged with the heating capillary 30a through which the heating medium passes while passing through the solvent capillary 30b, and is gasified without mixing solvent droplets. It is introduced into the washing / drying tank 3 as a complete solvent gas. Therefore, without increasing the size of the heat exchanger 30, solvent droplets are prevented from being mixed into the solvent vapor introduced into the washing / drying tank 3, and stains are prevented from adhering to the workpiece 2 after vacuum drying described later. Is something that can be done.
[0046]
After performing the steam cleaning for a predetermined time, the control device 50 closes the steam cleaning valve 32 and the steam cleaning auxiliary valve 31, completes the steam cleaning process, and shifts to the vacuum drying process. At the time of transition, the vacuum pump 10 is continuously driven, the cleaning / drying tank vacuum valve 12 of the exhaust system 11 is kept open, and the pressure is reduced to the limit value of the vacuum pump 10. The vacuum pump 10 has a capability of reducing the pressure to about 7 Pa or less, which is an ideal pressure for vacuum drying. When the limit value is reached, this state is maintained for a predetermined time to perform low-pressure vacuum drying, and after the predetermined time has elapsed, the control device 50 opens the cleaning / drying tank atmosphere release valve 18, that is, the vacuum pump 10. The limit value is released and the pressure is returned to the atmosphere until the cleaning / drying tank pressure sensor 51 detects 500 Pa below the lower limit of explosion. That is, the pressure is restored. When 500 Pa is detected, the pressure-reducing state is maintained for a predetermined time to perform pressure-reducing vacuum drying, and then the cleaning / drying tank atmosphere release valve 18 is closed again to reduce the pressure to the vacuum pump limit value. In this embodiment, low-pressure vacuum drying at the vacuum pump limit value is continuously performed for a predetermined time (T1), and after the vacuum drying is performed at the vacuum pump limit value, the decompression is performed for a predetermined time (T2). The drying operation is repeated several times during the drying process.
[0047]
In this way, the pressure is restored during the drying process. When the vacuum drying is performed, when the solvent adhering to the object to be treated 2 is vaporized, the heat of vaporization is removed, and the surface temperature of the object to be treated 2 is lowered. Since the drying efficiency decreases due to the decrease, the internal pressure of the washing / drying tank 3 is returned to the atmospheric direction to 500 Pa below the lower explosion limit every predetermined time (T1), and evaporation is suppressed by the return pressure, that is, the heat of vaporization is reduced. Temporarily restraining it from being taken and cooled, while the core heat (internal heat) held by the workpiece 2 is returned to the surface to increase the surface temperature. By reducing the pressure, evaporation from the surface of the workpiece 2 is promoted, and as a result, the drying efficiency is generally improved.
[0048]
In the present embodiment, the holding time (T2) in the return pressure state is variable according to the workpiece 2. For example, if drying is performed after cleaning the workpiece 2 of a thin part such as a lead frame, the heat of vaporization is lost, and the temperature of the workpiece 2 as a whole tends to decrease. On the other hand, for the workpiece 2 having a relatively large mass (heavy for the surface area), the core heat of the workpiece 2 is recalled by returning the internal pressure of the cleaning / drying tank 3 to the atmospheric pressure direction by the pressure recovery operation. Therefore, the rate at which drying is accelerated by reducing the pressure again is high. However, in the case of the thin object 2 to be processed, since the absolute amount of core heat is small, the temperature rise on the surface cannot be expected as much as the thick object. In addition, although the heat of the heated cleaning solvent remains in the cleaning / drying tank 3 itself, if the inside of the cleaning / drying tank 3 is reduced to the limit value of the vacuum pump 10, heat conduction by air cannot be expected. Accordingly, the holding time (T2) of the above-described decompression vacuum drying is made variable, and in the case of the thin object 2 to be processed, the cleaning time is set longer by setting the time (T2) for returning to 500 Pa below the lower explosion limit. Heating of the drying tank 3 is conducted through the air introduced into the workpiece 2 and heated, and drying is accelerated by reducing the pressure to the vacuum pump limit value again after the surface temperature of the workpiece 2 is increased. It can be made to. That is, by adjusting the vacuum pressure drying time T2, the drying efficiency can be improved in the vacuum drying process regardless of whether the workpiece 2 is thin or thick, and the drying time is greatly increased. It can be shortened.
[0049]
When the vacuum drying process is completed, the control device 50 opens the cleaning / drying tank atmosphere release valve 18 to release the internal pressure of the cleaning / drying tank 3 to the atmosphere and notifies the end of all processes. When the opening / closing lid 7 of the cleaning / drying tank 3 is opened, a plurality of objects to be processed 2 cleaned and dried together with the basket 4 can be taken out.
[0050]
Further, liquid supply from the solvent tank 13 to the cleaning / drying tank 3 by the immersion cleaning system 14, drainage from the cleaning / drying tank 3 to the solvent tank 13 by the drainage system 8, and cleaning / drying from the reserve tank 23 by the vapor cleaning system 29 As for the introduction of the solvent vapor into the tank 3, the vacuum pump 10 plays the role of a driving device. The cleaning / drying tank 3 is decompressed through the exhaust system 11 or the solvent tank 13 is decompressed through the branch exhaust system 19 or is washed and dried. The internal pressure of the cleaning / drying tank 3 is released to the atmosphere by the tank air release valve 18, or the internal pressure of the solvent tank 13 is released to the atmosphere by the solvent tank air release valve 22, whereby the pressure is applied to the cleaning / drying tank 3 and the solvent tank 13. The cleaning solvent or solvent vapor is transferred by giving a difference or by giving a pressure difference between the cleaning / drying tank 3 and the reserve tank 23. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the overall cost of the component cleaning / drying apparatus 1 by eliminating the redundant use of the driving equipment.
[0051]
The decompression cleaning time setting switch 58, the return pressure cleaning time setting switch 59, the low pressure vacuum drying time setting switch 60, and the return pressure vacuum drying setting switch 61 can be configured by appropriately selecting known switches. Alternatively, a touch panel switch integrated with the display 62 may be used.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the present invention has the following effects.
That is, the cleaning solvent is stored in the solvent tank, and the supply of the cleaning solvent from the solvent tank to the cleaning / drying tank and the drainage of the cleaning solvent from the cleaning / drying tank to the solvent tank are performed in these cleaning / drying tanks. Therefore, the vacuum pump serves as a common drive device, and it is possible to reduce the overall cost of the parts washing and drying apparatus by eliminating redundant use of the drive device. When the cleaning solvent is transferred due to the pressure difference, all the pressures are in the pressure range below the lower limit of explosion, so that even a flammable cleaning solvent can be safely performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a system configuration of a parts washing and drying apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an immersion cleaning process in the component cleaning / drying apparatus of the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a vacuum drying process in the component washing and drying apparatus of the present embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a series of washing and drying steps in the component washing and drying apparatus of the present embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Parts washing | cleaning drying apparatus 2 To-be-processed object 3 Washing / drying tank 4 Basket 5 Upper opening part 5a Flange part 6 Sealing material 7 Opening / closing lid 7a Ceiling surface 8 of an opening / closing lid 8 Drain system 9 Drain valve 10 Vacuum pump 11 Exhaust system 12 Cleaning Drying tank vacuum valve 13 Solvent tank 13a Heater 14 Immersion cleaning system 15 Immersion cleaning valve 16 Level switch 17 Washing and drying tank pressure gauge 18 Cleaning and drying tank air release valve 19 Branch exhaust system 20 Solvent tank pressure reducing valve 21 Solvent tank pressure gauge 22 Solvent Tank atmosphere release valve 23 Reserve tank 24 Regeneration processing system 25 Distiller 26 Capacitor 26a Cooling narrow tube 27a Circulation pump 27b Water separator 27c Ejector 28 Level switch 29 Steam cleaning system 30 Heat exchanger 30a Heating thin tube 31 Steam cleaning auxiliary valve 32 Steam cleaning Valve 33 Spray nozzle 50 Controller 51 Washing / drying tank pressure sensor 52 Solvent tank Pressure sensor 53 Solvent tank temperature sensor 54 Timer 55 Operation panel 56 Power switch 57 Start switch 58 Depressurization washing time setting switch 59 Return pressure washing time setting switch 60 Low pressure vacuum drying time setting switch 61 Reset pressure vacuum drying time setting switch 62 Display

Claims (1)

洗浄乾燥槽内に被処理物を収容し、該被処理物を洗浄溶剤に浸漬して超音波振動を与えて洗浄する部品洗浄乾燥方法において、
前記洗浄溶剤は溶剤タンク内に貯溜されており、該溶剤タンクから洗浄乾燥槽への洗浄溶剤の給液、及び該洗浄乾燥槽から溶剤タンクへの洗浄溶剤の排液は、洗浄乾燥槽内の圧力と溶剤タンク内の圧力とを大気圧以下であって、尚且つ爆発下限界以下の圧力範囲内で圧力差を付け、圧力に差がついた状態で洗浄乾燥槽と溶剤タンクとの間を連通させることにより、高圧力側の洗浄溶剤を低圧力側に移送することを特徴とする部品洗浄乾燥方法。
In a parts cleaning and drying method in which an object to be processed is accommodated in a cleaning and drying tank, and the object to be processed is immersed in a cleaning solvent and subjected to ultrasonic vibration for cleaning.
The cleaning solvent is stored in a solvent tank, and the supply of the cleaning solvent from the solvent tank to the cleaning / drying tank and the drainage of the cleaning solvent from the cleaning / drying tank to the solvent tank are performed in the cleaning / drying tank. Make a pressure difference between the pressure and the pressure in the solvent tank within the pressure range below the atmospheric pressure and below the lower explosion limit. A method for cleaning and drying parts, wherein the cleaning solvent on the high pressure side is transferred to the low pressure side by communicating.
JP2001275560A 2001-09-11 2001-09-11 Parts washing and drying method Expired - Lifetime JP3788588B2 (en)

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JP4921229B2 (en) * 2007-04-16 2012-04-25 東静電気株式会社 Cleaning device
JP5370921B2 (en) * 2009-08-27 2013-12-18 三浦工業株式会社 Cleaning device
JP5515731B2 (en) * 2009-12-25 2014-06-11 三浦工業株式会社 Cleaning method
JP5541498B2 (en) * 2010-03-10 2014-07-09 三浦工業株式会社 Cleaning device
AT509771B1 (en) * 2010-04-15 2012-03-15 Hubert Ing Knoth DEVICE FOR DRYING A MACHINE PART
JP5337099B2 (en) * 2010-05-17 2013-11-06 アクトファイブ株式会社 Vacuum drying equipment
JP5786422B2 (en) * 2011-04-08 2015-09-30 三浦工業株式会社 Cleaning device
CN104148361B (en) * 2014-07-03 2015-11-18 中航上大高温合金材料有限公司 A kind of rare precious metal turning material cleaning special purpose device
CN113731937B (en) * 2021-09-10 2023-04-14 山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司 Pressure control optimization method for vacuum ultrasonic cleaning machine

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