JP3769680B2 - Circulation filtration aquaculture equipment for seafood - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fish culture apparatus and an efficient ultra-high density fish culture method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Traditionally, in the breeding of appreciation fish, the display of seafood in aquariums, and the storage of seafood in live fish wholesalers and live fish restaurants, fish are usually raised in aquariums equipped with a filtration tank called a circulation (filter) type. Has been done. There are also some devices that are used for aquaculture.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the rearing density of fish and shellfish using a conventional water tank or device called a circulation type is kept low.
In addition, even in an apparatus for aquaculture, the breeding density is low, and improvement is necessary for using it for industrial use.
The above problems are caused by the fact that the production of a water tank or a device called a circulation type is based on experience and intuition. Moreover, in the production of conventional aquaculture equipment, emphasis has been placed on reducing the toxicity of ammonia, and no emphasis has been placed on the removal of seafood dung and suspended suspended matter in the breeding water, and a settling tank has been provided. In such a case, it is necessary to invest a lot of human power in the processing. Furthermore, since the current terrestrial aquaculture apparatus is operated by a so-called pouring method in which seawater is pumped and discharged in 1 to 2 hours, the heat retention and heat insulation of the breeding aquarium are not taken into consideration.
[0004]
Therefore, the present inventors have designed, constructed, and operated circulation based on physiological knowledge such as nitrogen excretion of fish and shellfish to be cultured, ammonia oxidation rate of purified microorganisms (nitrifying bacteria), physiological characteristics of denitrifying bacteria, etc. Invented a filtration fish farming system (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-55116).
In the method for cultivating flounder using air according to the invention described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-55116, high-density production of flounder 30 kg per 1 m ³ of breeding seawater in the facility was possible.
[0005]
The above culture method has achieved a culture density that is about 2 to 3 times that of general flounder culture, which is carried out by pouring the breeding water. However, when the culture is regarded as an industry, fish and shellfish aiming for better profitability. Increasing rearing density is preferred. Also, it is necessary to operate the equipment and manage water quality efficiently and at low cost.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a circulation filtration that performs aquaculture at an extremely high density by efficiently and inexpensively performing water quality management suitable for breeding fish and shellfish to be cultivated by combining and operating rational facilities. The purpose is to provide seafood aquaculture equipment and aquaculture methods. Another object of the present invention is to provide an aquaculture device with a low environmental load by inventing a method of circulating and reusing backwash water in a filter device.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the circulating filtration fish and shellfish aquaculture apparatus of the present invention uses a pump or the like to regenerate the water for raising fish and shellfish in a fish and fish breeding tank (aquaculture tank) installed on board or on land. In aquaculture equipment equipped with circulation equipment to be used by feeding to the breeding aquarium,
A substance with heavy specific gravity such as feces generated by the breeding of seafood,
Suspension suspended in the breeding tank with a relatively low specific gravity,
With dissolved substances such as ammonia dissolved in the breeding water,
It is characterized in that fish and shellfish can be cultivated efficiently and with high density by incorporating a sedimentation tank, a filter device, and a biofilter equipment having a function of efficiently removing them in order.
[0008]
In more detail, the circulating filtration seafood aquaculture device of the present invention,
Seafood breeding tanks,
A sedimentation tank that sinks and collects feces and residual food of seafood having a higher specific gravity than the breeding water in the breeding water discharged from the breeding tank,
Filter device that collects suspended suspension in breeding water that is not collected by the above, biofilter (biological filtration tank) that oxidizes ammonia in breeding water to nitric acid, and nitrogen that accumulates in breeding water by this oxidation action is nitrogen A denitrification tank that emits gas into the air;
An oxygen inserter that efficiently dissolves oxygen in the breeding water;
A fine bubble generator for removing dissolved organic matter such as proteins in the breeding water together with fine bubbles;
An ultraviolet irradiation device for sterilization of breeding water and decomposition of organic substances in water,
In addition, it consists of a heat pump for rearing water temperature adjustment,
The present invention further provides a breeding method using pure oxygen to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the breeding water using the aquaculture apparatus for culturing fish and shellfish at an ultra-high density.
In addition, an inexpensive seat tank was adopted as a breeding tank, but a method for efficiently attaching a heat insulating material was developed in order to reduce operating costs.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the settling tank causes a swirl flow by injecting the breeding water discharged from the breeding tank along the inner wall surface of the tank from the lower part of the cylindrical section of the treated water tank having an upright cylindrical body section. It is configured to efficiently collect and collect feces and residual food of fish, which has a higher specific gravity than breeding water, by swirling flow, and discharge the treated water from a position along the upper wall surface of the treated water tank. And
The lower part of the cylindrical body part of the treatment water tank may have a flat bottom shape, but preferably has an inverted conical shape or a funnel shape so that the sediment can be easily collected and discharged at the lower part. The breeding water is injected into the treated water tank from the lower end side wall of the cylindrical body portion, and is injected in a pressurized jet shape so that the breeding water to be treated in the cylindrical body portion rotates.
The rotation speed of the breeding water should be determined according to what should be settled.
[0010]
Breeding water (treated water) from which sediments such as feces discharged from the upper part of the sedimentation tank have been removed is introduced into the filter device and treated. The filter device is composed of a plastic net or a screen-like material such as a porous or metal mesh, a glass filter, etc. Backwash water to prevent clogging of this screen-like material (hereinafter simply referred to as a screen) is treated water. Try to recycle.
The screen is washed by temporarily stopping the flow of treated water in the filter device and spraying the wash water in the reverse direction, or by jetting the wash water at a pressure higher than the flow rate of the treated water. The cleaning of the filter device may be performed either when the filtering efficiency of the filter is reduced or intermittently. In addition, the screen in the filter device may be replaced.
[0011]
In the present invention, the breeding aquarium is not particularly limited, but from the standpoint of simplicity of construction, ease of production and installation, etc., the foundation and strut to be installed in order to make the aquarium self-supporting are made of concrete or steel frame, and the foundation and in the strut A reinforced plastic (FRP) wall frame is provided, and a waterproof sheet is stretched in the wall frame to form a water tank. Between the bottom surface of the sheet and the foundation and between the sheet and the wall frame, a rigid foam plastic It is better to incorporate a heat insulating material such as a material.
In some cases, a metal plate such as aluminum may be used for the wall frame. The wall frame may be screwed to the column with a bolt or the like, but may be fitted into a fitting groove provided on the column. In addition, in the case of a cylindrical body shape in which the water tank can stand on its own, the wall frame is divided into two or more divided bodies of the cylindrical body without providing support columns, and these divided bodies are directly fastened and fixed with bolts or on the outer periphery. A water tank may be assembled on the foundation by winding a band or the like and tightening and fixing with a bolt or the like.
The heat insulating material is preferably a foamed plastic such as rigid foamed polyurethane in terms of moldability and processability, but an inorganic or organic fiberboard or the like may be used.
The waterproof sheet is not limited to those made of canvas, and may be a waterproof sheet such as a plastic sheet.
[0012]
One of the characteristics of the method for culturing seafood according to the present invention is that oxygen gas from any one of oxygen gas cylinders, liquid oxygen cylinders, oxygen generators, etc. is used to maintain the oxygen saturation of the breeding water in the breeding aquarium at a high concentration. (Pure oxygen) is introduced into the breeding water, keeping the oxygen saturation in the breeding water at 70-80% or higher at the drainage port of the breeding tank, while allowing the fish and shellfish to use more energy than necessary to adjust the partial pressure of oxygen in the body The goal is to keep seafood at a very high density.
The oxygen gas is preferably 100% oxygen like gas from liquid oxygen, but may contain some other gas like commercially available oxygen gas.
There is a method of supplying oxygen to the breeding water directly to the breeding aquarium, but it is preferable to provide an oxygen welder that dissolves oxygen in the breeding water and supply the breeding water with this oxygen welder. Necessary oxygen amount is calculated from the physiological requirement of the target fish and shellfish and the breeding amount, and supplied efficiently.
[0013]
According to the present invention, feces and residual food having a relatively high specific gravity are first removed from drainage from a breeding aquarium that rears fish and shellfish at an extremely high density. Subsequently, the suspended suspension is removed by the filter device, thereby preventing the filter medium from being clogged due to the large generation of microorganisms that decompose the organic matter in the biofilter. Next, the breeding water containing ammonia is transferred to a biofilter (biological filtration tank), and ammonia is oxidized to nitric acid via nitrous acid. This treated water is sent to the ultraviolet irradiation device by a circulation pump to sterilize pathogenic bacteria and decompose organic substances. Next, while passing through the oxygen inflator, it comes into contact with pure oxygen from either an oxygen generator or an oxygen gas cylinder or a liquid oxygen cylinder, and after the oxygen concentration in the water is increased, it is returned to the breeding tank. It is possible to perform ultra-high density aquaculture of seafood.
[0014]
A part of the breeding water that has passed through the oxygen injector is sent to the heat pump, adjusted to a suitable growth temperature for the fish to be raised, and returned to the breeding tank. As a result, the breeding period can be shortened. In addition, this equipment is equipped with a denitrification tank for removing nitric acid in the breeding water and a fine bubble generator for removing dissolved organic matter such as proteins in the breeding water, and communicates with the biofilter and bypass respectively. It is possible to drive. In addition, the backwash water of the filter device is regenerated and reused using different mesh filter cloths. Thereby, it is possible to operate as an environment-friendly aquaculture device.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, although one Example of this invention is described based on drawing, this invention is not limited to this Example.
[0016]
Example 1
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a breeding aquarium, which is circular or polygonal such as hexagonal or octagonal. The bottom of the aquarium has an inclination of about 1/10 to 1/20, and feces and residual food are automatically collected in the center of the aquarium by the flow of water into the breeding aquarium. Together with water from the outlet 2 at the bottom of the aquarium Discharged. Moreover, the heat insulation is improved by efficiently incorporating a heat insulating material around the water tank. The discharge port 2 is attached with a plastic cylindrical net to prevent intrusion and inhalation of fish and shellfish during breeding. In order to change the mesh size according to the size of the fish and shellfish to be cultivated, it will be removable.
[0017]
The sedimentation tank 3 is also installed as a water level adjustment tank of the breeding tank 1. The shape is a cylinder or a cylindrical shape having an inverted conical portion in the lower part, and the inlet 14 for drainage (bred water) from the breeding aquarium is in the lower part of the cylindrical body part 3a in the former and in the latter form It opens to the lower part of the cylindrical body part 3a immediately above the inverted conical part 3b (FIG. 2), and its position is shifted outward from the center of the cylindrical body as shown in FIG. 3, so that the injected water flows along the inner wall of the cylindrical body. Is provided at a position where a spiral flow is generated. By this swirl, feces and residual food in the drainage can be actively settled and collected. A discharge cock 16 is provided at the lowermost portion of the settling tank 3 so that the collected feces and residual food can be discharged together with water. The treated breeding water from which the precipitate has been removed is discharged from a water discharge pipe 15 provided on the upper side wall of the precipitation tank 3. Due to the effect of this sedimentation tank, the load on the filter device 4 for removing the suspended suspension installed next can be reduced, and the number of washings of the screen portion of the filter device 4 can be reduced. The amount of washing water can be reduced. This filter device is equipped with a water level sensor to detect a decrease in filter efficiency and enable automatic backwashing.
[0018]
In the biofilter (biological filtration tank) 5, ammonia from highly toxic fishery products is oxidized to nitric acid having low toxicity via nitrous acid by the action of aerobic bacteria. Since the size of the biofilter container and the required amount of filter media vary depending on the size and number of fish and shellfish bred in the breeding aquarium 1, it is necessary to design them based on the amount of nitrogen excreted by ammonia and the ammonia oxidation rate of the filter media. is there. For this design method, the method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-55116 (Patent No. 2035885) previously proposed by the present inventors is used. In addition, a dam plate is provided in front of the biofilter so that the water from the suspended suspension removal filter falls down. As a result, the removal of carbon dioxide from the breeding water and the supply of oxygen using the air to the breeding water are performed.
[0019]
The breeding water from the biofilter is passed through the ultraviolet irradiation device 7 by the circulation pump 6. Irradiation with ultraviolet rays is not limited to sterilization of breeding water, but also has the effect of decomposing organic substances in water (reducing molecular weight).
[0020]
Next, the breeding water is sent to the oxygen injector 8. Here, the oxygen concentration in the breeding water is increased using pure oxygen vented from the oxygen generator 9. Ventilation rate is 100 to 130% in the breeding tank depending on the type of fish and shellfish (no problem even in the case of flounder 150%). Adjust so that This adjustment shall be based on the oxygen requirement calculated from the physiological requirement and breeding capacity of the target seafood. In order to maintain such high oxygen saturation in the ultra-high density breeding of seafood as described later, it is almost impossible and possible with the conventional method using air with a blower or air compressor. In this case, it is necessary to input a large amount of energy such as electric power. In addition, when air is used, even if the dissolution efficiency of oxygen in the water is the same as that of pure oxygen, nitrogen in the air will also be vented into the water, which has a capacity five times that of oxygen. Aerated with air, this agitation forms “detergent foam” -like bubbles. As a result, the surface of the breeding water is covered, the seafood cannot be seen directly, and breeding management becomes extremely difficult.
[0021]
The breeding water whose oxygen concentration has been adjusted by the oxygen infuser is injected into the breeding aquarium, but a part of the breeding water is sent to the heat pump 10 to be adjusted to a water temperature suitable for the growth of the target organism and then passed to the breeding tank. . As a result, the growth period can be shortened as compared to the culture using the flow-through type or the IKES without the water temperature control device.
[0022]
In the circulation filtration type seafood breeding, ammonia is oxidized by the action of the biofilter into nitric acid having low toxicity and accumulates in the breeding water. The denitrification tank 11 for removing this nitric acid from the breeding water by the action of anaerobic bacteria is incorporated in the present invention by a bypass with the biofilter. The design and operation method thereof is described in the above Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-55116. According to the method of.
[0023]
In addition, a microbubble generator 12 for removing dissolved organic substances such as proteins in the breeding water together with microbubbles is incorporated between the filter for removing suspended suspensions and the biofilter. Air is used to generate fine bubbles, and air is supplied by a small air blower 13.
[0024]
In the present invention, in order to cultivate fish and shellfish at an ultra-high density higher than the conventional culturing density, a breeding method using pure oxygen was adopted to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the breeding water.
Next, although an example of the culture experiment of the flounder using oxygen is shown, this invention is not limited to this fish species.
The aquaculture apparatus of the present invention was constructed using a water tank having a diameter of 4 m, and a culturing experiment was conducted on flounder having a body weight of about 1 kg at an ultra-high density of 50 kg / m ³ or more per unit water volume. As a result, the oxygen saturation in the breeding water can be maintained at 80% or more at the exit of the breeding tank, and the performance and breeding method of this apparatus have been demonstrated.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the droppings of fish and shellfish discharged from the breeding aquarium, the remaining food is a sedimentation tank, and the suspended suspension is efficiently collected by a filter device. The organic substance to the biofilter (biological filtration tank) that oxidizes the nitric acid to nitric acid makes the load extremely small, and ammonia can be oxidized efficiently. In addition, maintenance and management of the biofilter is facilitated. Furthermore, dissolved organic algae such as proteins in the breeding water can be removed by the fine bubble generator. Due to the action of these facilities, the transparency of the breeding water can be kept at 50 cm or more, and the management of the seafood in the breeding aquarium becomes easy.
[0026]
Since oxygen supplementation to the breeding water for seafood breeding is done using pure oxygen, it is easier to maintain the oxygen concentration in water than the conventional method using aeration or water wheel, etc. It is possible to cultivate seafood at ultra-high density. In fish, the oxygen partial pressure of arterial blood is maintained to cope with the decrease in oxygen concentration by increasing the amount of water exchanged in the salmon. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use extra energy for the operation of the dredging pump, and it can be expected to promote growth and improve feed efficiency.
[0027]
In addition, since an oxygen generator is used to supply oxygen, the amount of power used can be reduced to about 5% or less compared to conventional blowers, and the oxygen concentration in the breeding water can be increased more efficiently than before at low cost. Can be maintained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a circulating filtration fish and shellfish cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a precipitation tank according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a precipitation tank according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Breeding tank 2 Drainage port 3 Precipitation tank 4 Filter device (with backwash water regeneration device)
5 Biofilter (Biofiltration tank)
6 Pump 7 Ultraviolet irradiation device 8 Oxygen injector 9 Oxygen generator 10 Heat pump 11 Denitrification tank 12 Fine bubble generator 13 Blower 14 Inlet pipe 15 to settling tank Drain pipe 16 from settling tank Drainage (drain) cock of settling tank

Claims (5)

It is a culture device equipped with a circulation facility for supplying and using the breeding water used for breeding the seafood in the fish breeding aquarium (culture tank) again to the breeding tank using a pump,
Seafood breeding tanks,
A settling tank that collects feces and residual food, etc. of seafood in the breeding water by injecting breeding water discharged from the breeding tank along the cylindrical inner wall surface to create a swirl flow;
A filter device that collects suspended suspensions in the breeding water that are not collected by the above, a biofilter (biological filtration tank) that oxidizes ammonia in the breeding water to nitric acid, and nitrogen that accumulates in the breeding water by this oxidation A denitrification tank that emits gas into the air;
An ultraviolet irradiation device for sterilization of breeding water;
An oxygen inserter that dissolves the required amount of oxygen in the breeding water;
The circulation path for supplying the breeding water from the oxygen injector to the breeding tank is branched, and a heat pump for breeding water temperature adjustment provided in one of the branched circulation paths is sequentially connected, and provided. A seafood aquaculture device characterized by being able to cultivate seafood at high density.   The settling tank creates a swirl flow by injecting the breeding water discharged from the breeding tank from the bottom along the inner wall of the settling tank, and separates the feces and residual food of fish with a higher specific gravity than the breeding water by the swirl flow The aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the aquaculture apparatus is configured to sink and collect, and to discharge the treated breeding water from a position along the wall surface of the upper part of the sedimentation tank.   2. The aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filter device is a plastic net or a screen-like material such as a porous body or a metal net, and backwash water for preventing clogging is circulated and reused. In the aquaculture method using the seafood aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1, in order to keep the oxygen saturation of the breeding water in the breeding aquarium at a high concentration, oxygen gas from an oxygen gas cylinder or the like is supplied from the oxygen gas cylinder or the like in the breeding water with an oxygen intruder outside the breeding tank. put lead to, while maintaining the oxygen saturation of the breeding water at water outlet of the breeding aquarium than 70-80%, and, when supplying breeding water from oxygen溶入device in rearing aquarium, the circulation path of the breeding water A method for high-density cultivation of seafood, characterized by adjusting the oxygen saturation in the breeding water and adjusting the breeding water temperature by heating and supplying the breeding water that passes through one of the branched circulation paths. .   5. The method for high-density cultivation of fish and shellfish according to claim 4, wherein the oxygen saturation of the breeding water in the breeding tank is 100 to 130% and the oxygen saturation at the drain of the breeding tank is 70 to 80%. .

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