【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、虫歯の様な抜去すべき歯牙、特に上部の大半が欠損した残根を抜くための抜歯具に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の抜歯具として代表的な挺子は、基端側を把柄部とした支柱部の先端部に嘴部を設けたものである。
そして、嘴部を歯根と歯槽骨間の歯根膜腔に徐々に挿入することで歯牙を傾けた後、挺子を回転させて、歯牙を歯槽骨から脱臼、抜去していた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記抜歯具にあっては、下記の様な解決せねばならない課題があった。
（１）歯根膜腔が狭く、特に残痕にあっては、周囲の歯肉が被さってしまっており、歯根膜腔への挺子の挿入が困難。
（２）挺子を挿入することで歯肉が損傷し出血するため、手術野直視が困難で、手術侵襲（ダメージ）が大きい。
（３）施術中に挺子が滑脱して、周囲の軟組織が損傷したり、歯槽骨が破損する危険性大。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記従来技術に基づく、挺子にあっては、施術が困難で、失敗すれば口内を負傷させてしまう課題に鑑み、一対の杆体を先端側で交差させて枢着し、一方の杆体の先端部に基板部を形成し、該基板部に、抜去する歯牙に螺入するネジの挿入部位を形成すると共に、基板部裏面における挿入部位の両側方に緩衝体を設け、又他方の杆体の先端部に、内側縁部側へ傾斜させた楔部を設けると共に、該楔部に内側縁部で開口する切込を、抜歯台部における挿入部位との対応位置に形成し、基板部の挿入部位に挿通したネジを、抜去する歯牙に螺入して、一方の杆体先端部を固定した後、かかる抜歯具を縮閉することによって、楔部の内側縁部が基板部とネジ頭間に嵌まり込むと共に、ネジ上端部が切込内に挿入状態となり、更に縮閉が進むと、基板部とネジ頭間が拡開してネジが上動し、追従して歯牙も上動させて抜去する様にして、上記課題を解決する。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図１に示す様に、抜歯具１は、一般的な鋏、鉗子と同様の形態で、一対の杆体２、2aを交差、枢着しており、一方の杆体２の先端部に抜歯台部３を、他方の杆体2aの先端部に楔部４を夫々設け、抜歯具１を縮閉状態にすると、抜歯台部３と楔部４が接触、重合する様にし、又杆体２、2aにおける枢着部位より後端側を把持部５、5aとしている。
又、一方の杆体２の先端部を、平板状に形成した基板部６とし、該基板部６に、後述するネジ12の挿入部位７を形成すると共に、基板部６の裏面側にして、挿入部位７の両側方に弾性を有する緩衝体８、8aを設けて、一方の杆体２の先端部に抜歯台部３を形成している。
又、基板部６の大きさを少なくとも３本の歯牙Ｄ、Ｄａ、Ｄｂが隠れる程度とし、又緩衝体８、8aを両側方の歯牙Ｄ、Ｄｂに当接させる様にし、又挿入部位７は、基板部６の内側縁部で開口する切込９とするのが望ましい。
又、楔部４の断面形状を、内側縁部より外側縁部側へ徐々に厚くなる三角形状とし、重合状態において抜歯台部３に対し摺接状態となる様にして、その表面側を傾斜面10と成し、該傾斜面10は図面上平面であるが、図示しないが凹曲面であっても良い。
又、楔部４に内側縁部で開口すると共に楔部４の中央部まで至る切込11を形成し、該切込11を抜歯台部３における挿入部位７との対応位置に形成されている。又、切込11は、図５（ａ）に示す様に、開口側へ拡開する様にしたり、或いは図５（ｂ）に示す様に、切込11の上縁部に面取り15を形成しても良い。
【０００６】
又、抜歯具１を、図２に示す様な形態にしても良く、具体的には、一対の杆体２、2aを肉厚にし、且つそれらの交差部位を円形にすると共に、厚さを半分にし、一対の杆体２、2aのうち一方の交差部位以外の部分を、他方の交差部位の外周面に摺接自在として、例えばペンチの様な物を挟む工具と同一構造としている。
【０００７】
又、他の実施例にあっては、図３、４に示す様に、杆体２、2aにおける枢着部より先端側に段差部14、14a を形成して、抜歯台部３及び楔部４を枢着部より下方に位置させている。
又、図面上、抜歯の対象は奥歯であるが、その他の歯牙にも使用可能である。
【０００８】
次に本発明に係る抜歯具の作用について説明する。
（１）中間の歯牙Ｄａにネジ12を螺入する。
（２）抜歯具１の先端部を患者の口内に差し込んで、一方の杆体２の先端の抜歯台部３を、挿入部位７内にネジ12の突出部を通すと共に、緩衝体８、8aを両側方の歯牙Ｄ、Ｄｂに当接させる様にして、３本の歯牙Ｄ、Ｄａ、Ｄｂ上に配置する。
（３）他方の杆体2aを縮閉方向に移動させて、ネジ12のネジ頭13と抜歯台部３間に楔部４の内側縁部を嵌め込むと、楔部４の切込10の開口側内にネジ12上部が差し込まれ、ネジ頭13の下面が楔部４の傾斜面９に当接する（図６、７参照）。
（４）更に他方の杆体2aを縮閉方向に移動させると、傾斜面９に沿ってネジ頭13が移動する、即ちネジ頭13と抜歯台部３間の間隔が拡開することで、抜歯台部３が両側方の歯牙Ｄ、Ｄｂ側に押圧されて安定し、ネジ12が上方に移動して、中間の歯牙Ｄａが抜去される（図８、９参照）。
【０００９】
【発明の効果】
要するに本発明は、一対の杆体２、2aを交差、枢着すると共に、一対の杆体２、2aの先端部に縮閉状態で重合する抜歯台部３及び楔部４を設けたので、片手による杆体２、2aの開閉で施術出来るため、抜歯術を簡単化出来、又抜歯台部３に、抜去する歯牙Ｄａに螺入するネジ12の挿入部位７を形成すると共に、抜歯台部３裏面における挿入部位７の両側方に緩衝体８、8aを設けたので、挿入部位７に挿通したネジ12を抜去する歯牙Ｄａに螺入することで、一方の杆体２の先端部を歯牙Ｄａの両側方の歯牙Ｄ、Ｄｂに固定することが出来、又内側縁部側へ傾斜させた楔部４に内側縁部で開口する切込11を形成したので、かかる楔部４が基板部６とネジ12のネジ頭13間に嵌まり込むことで、基板部６とネジ頭13間を拡開することが出来、且つ切込11を、抜歯台部３における挿入部位７との対応位置に形成したので、縮閉過程におけるネジ12が楔部４の内側縁部に当接することを防止出来る。
よって、上記抜歯具１によれば、ネジ12を螺入する、抜歯台部３を固定する、抜歯具１を縮閉する作業だけで確実に抜歯出来るため、患者の口内を負傷させずに安全に施術することが出来、而も抜歯対象が残根であるか否かは無関係であり、抜歯対象がどの様な状態であっても同様の作業で施術出来、又施術中に歯肉を傷付けることがないことから出血が無い或いは非常に微量になるため、手術野直視が容易で確実に施術出来る。
【００１０】
又、抜歯台部３における挿入部位７を、抜歯台部３の内側縁部で開口する切込９としたので、ネジ12を歯牙Ｄａに螺入した後に、切込９内にネジ12を挿通させる様にして、頬側より舌側へスライドさせれば抜歯台部３を取り付けることが出来るため、抜歯台部３の固定作業を簡単化出来る。
【００１１】
又、抜去する歯牙Ｄａに対し直角にネジ12を螺入することは非常に難しく、その結果、抜歯台部３に対しネジ12が傾いてしまうが、楔部４における切込11を開口側へ拡開させたので、ネジ12上部を確実に切込11内に挿入状態にすることが出来るため、ネジ12の状態に拘らず確実に施術出来る等その実用的効果甚だ大である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】抜歯具の平面図である。
【図２】他の実施例の抜歯具の平面図である。
【図３】先端側を屈曲させた図１の抜歯具の要部拡大側面図である。
【図４】先端側を屈曲させた図２の抜歯具の要部拡大側面図である。
【図５】切込の他の２パターンの形状を示す楔部の要部拡大平面図である。
【図６】抜歯具の使用状態にして抜歯台部を取り付けた状態の平面図である。
【図７】抜歯具の使用状態にして楔部の内側縁部がネジ頭と抜歯台部間に嵌まり込んだ状態の拡大縦断面図である。
【図８】抜歯具の使用状態にして抜歯具を最縮閉状態とした状態の平面図である。
【図９】図８の拡大縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
２、2a 杆体
３ 抜歯台部
４ 楔部
７ 挿入部位
８、8a 緩衝体
９ 切込
11 切込
12 ネジ
Ｄａ 歯牙[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tooth extraction tool for extracting a tooth to be extracted, such as a decayed tooth, in particular, a residual root lacking most of the upper part.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A typical insulator as a conventional tooth extraction tool is one in which a collar portion is provided at the distal end portion of a column portion having a base end side as a handle portion.
Then, the tooth was tilted by gradually inserting the buttocks into the periodontal ligament space between the root and the alveolar bone, and then the insulator was rotated to dislodge and remove the tooth from the alveolar bone.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above tooth extraction tool has the following problems that must be solved.
(1) The periodontal ligament cavity is narrow, especially in the case of a residual mark, and the surrounding gingiva is covered, making it difficult to insert the insulator into the periodontal ligament cavity.
(2) Inserting an insulator damages the gingiva and bleeds, so it is difficult to look directly at the surgical field and the surgical invasion (damage) is large.
(3) There is a great risk that the insulator slips during the operation, and the surrounding soft tissue is damaged or the alveolar bone is damaged.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is based on the above-described prior art, and in view of the problem that the operation is difficult and the mouth is injured if it fails, the pair of rods are crossed on the tip side and pivotally attached. A base plate portion is formed at the front end of the housing, a screw insertion portion to be screwed into a tooth to be removed is formed in the base plate portion, a buffer body is provided on both sides of the insertion portion on the back surface of the base plate portion, and the other A wedge portion that is inclined toward the inner edge side is provided at the tip of the housing, and a notch that opens at the inner edge portion is formed in the wedge portion at a position corresponding to the insertion site in the tooth extraction base portion. After screwing the screw inserted into the insertion site of the part into the tooth to be removed and fixing the tip of one housing, the inside edge of the wedge part is screwed with the board part by screwing the tooth extraction tool. The screw is fitted between the heads, and the upper end of the screw is inserted into the notch. When the screw is moved upward between the substrate portion and the screw head is flared, and the like is pulled out by tooth also moved upward follow to, to solve the above problems.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a tooth extraction tool 1 is in the same form as a general scissors and forceps, and a pair of housings 2, 2 a are crossed and pivotally attached. 3, the wedge part 4 is provided at the tip of the other casing 2a, and when the extraction tool 1 is in the contracted state, the extraction base part 3 and the wedge part 4 are brought into contact with each other and superposed. The rear end side from the pivot attachment part is set as the gripping parts 5 and 5a.
Further, the front end portion of one housing 2 is a substrate portion 6 formed in a flat plate shape, and an insertion portion 7 of a screw 12 (to be described later) is formed on the substrate portion 6 and is inserted on the back side of the substrate portion 6. Buffer bodies 8 and 8a having elasticity are provided on both sides of the portion 7, and the tooth extraction platform 3 is formed at the tip of one housing 2.
The size of the substrate 6 is set so that at least three teeth D, Da, Db are hidden, and the buffer bodies 8, 8a are brought into contact with the teeth D, Db on both sides. The notch 9 is preferably opened at the inner edge of the substrate portion 6.
Also, the cross-sectional shape of the wedge portion 4 is a triangular shape that gradually increases from the inner edge to the outer edge, and the surface side is inclined so as to be in sliding contact with the tooth extraction platform 3 in the superposed state. The inclined surface 10 is a plane in the drawing, but may be a concave curved surface (not shown).
Further, a notch 11 is formed in the wedge portion 4 at the inner edge and at the center of the wedge portion 4, and the notch 11 is formed at a position corresponding to the insertion site 7 in the tooth extraction base 3. . Further, the notch 11 may be expanded toward the opening as shown in FIG. 5A, or a chamfer 15 may be formed at the upper edge of the notch 11 as shown in FIG. 5B. You may do it.
[0006]
Further, the tooth extraction tool 1 may be configured as shown in FIG. 2. Specifically, the pair of housings 2, 2 a are made thick, and the intersections thereof are made circular, and the thickness is halved. In addition, a portion of the pair of housings 2 and 2a other than one intersecting portion is slidable on the outer peripheral surface of the other intersecting portion, and has the same structure as a tool for sandwiching an object such as pliers.
[0007]
In other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, stepped portions 14 and 14a are formed on the front end side of the pivots in the housings 2 and 2a, and the tooth extraction platform 3 and the wedge 4 Is positioned below the pivot part.
Moreover, although the object of extraction is a back tooth in the drawing, it can be used for other teeth.
[0008]
Next, the operation of the tooth extraction tool according to the present invention will be described.
(1) Screw the screw 12 into the intermediate tooth Da.
(2) Insert the distal end of the tooth extraction tool 1 into the patient's mouth, pass the tooth extraction platform 3 at the distal end of one of the housings 2 into the insertion site 7, and insert the buffers 8, 8a. It arrange | positions on three teeth D, Da, and Db so that it may contact | abut to the teeth D and Db of both sides.
(3) When the other casing 2a is moved in the contraction direction and the inner edge of the wedge portion 4 is fitted between the screw head 13 of the screw 12 and the tooth extraction base portion 3, the opening of the notch 10 of the wedge portion 4 is opened. The upper part of the screw 12 is inserted into the side, and the lower surface of the screw head 13 comes into contact with the inclined surface 9 of the wedge part 4 (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
(4) When the other housing 2a is further moved in the contracting direction, the screw head 13 moves along the inclined surface 9, that is, the interval between the screw head 13 and the tooth extraction base 3 is expanded, thereby extracting the tooth. The pedestal 3 is pressed and stabilized toward the teeth D and Db on both sides, the screw 12 moves upward, and the intermediate tooth Da is removed (see FIGS. 8 and 9).
[0009]
【The invention's effect】
In short, the present invention crosses and pivots the pair of housings 2 and 2a, and provides the tooth extraction platform 3 and the wedge 4 that are superposed in the contracted state at the tips of the pair of housings 2 and 2a. Since the operation can be performed by opening and closing the housings 2 and 2a, the extraction operation can be simplified, and the insertion portion 7 of the screw 12 to be screwed into the tooth Da to be extracted is formed on the extraction base 3, and the back of the extraction base 3 is formed. Since the shock absorbers 8 and 8a are provided on both sides of the insertion part 7, the screw 12 inserted through the insertion part 7 is screwed into the tooth Da to be removed, so that the distal end of one housing 2 is located on both sides of the tooth Da. Since the notch 11 opened at the inner edge is formed in the wedge part 4 inclined to the inner edge side, the wedge part 4 is formed with the base plate part 6 and the screw 12. It is possible to expand the space between the board portion 6 and the screw head 13 by fitting between the screw heads 13 and to remove the notches 11. Since the tooth base 3 is formed at a position corresponding to the insertion site 7, the screw 12 in the contraction process can be prevented from coming into contact with the inner edge of the wedge 4.
Therefore, according to the tooth extraction tool 1, the tooth extraction can be reliably performed only by screwing the screw 12, fixing the tooth extraction base 3, and contracting the tooth extraction tool 1, so that the patient's mouth can be safely injured. Regardless of whether or not the extraction target is a residual root, it is possible to perform the same operation regardless of the condition of the extraction target, and damage the gums during the operation. Since there is no bleeding, there is no bleeding or a very small amount, so that the surgical field direct view is easy and reliable.
[0010]
Further, since the insertion site 7 in the extraction base 3 is a notch 9 opened at the inner edge of the extraction base 3, the screw 12 is inserted into the notch 9 after the screw 12 is screwed into the tooth Da. Thus, since the extraction base 3 can be attached by sliding from the cheek side to the lingual side, the fixing operation of the extraction base 3 can be simplified.
[0011]
Further, it is very difficult to screw the screw 12 at a right angle with respect to the tooth Da to be removed. As a result, the screw 12 is inclined with respect to the tooth extraction base 3, but the notch 11 in the wedge 4 is opened to the opening side. Since the upper portion of the screw 12 is expanded, the upper portion of the screw 12 can be surely inserted into the notch 11, so that the practical effect such as a reliable treatment regardless of the state of the screw 12 is significant.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a tooth extraction tool.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a tooth extraction tool of another embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of a main part of the tooth extraction tool of FIG. 1 with a distal end bent.
4 is an enlarged side view of a main part of the tooth extraction tool of FIG. 2 with the distal end bent. FIG.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of a wedge portion showing other two patterns of cuts.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a state in which the tooth extraction base portion is attached in a state where the tooth extraction tool is in use.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a state in which the inner edge portion of the wedge portion is fitted between the screw head and the tooth extraction base portion when the tooth extraction tool is in use.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a state in which the tooth extraction tool is in the most contracted closed state after the tooth extraction tool is in use.
9 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
2, 2a Housing 3 Extraction base 4 Wedge 7 Insertion site 8, 8a Buffer 9 Cutting
11 notches
12 Screw Da Teeth
