JP3391445B2 - Buildings and building design methods - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a building having a bearing wall.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an example of a conventional building having a bearing wall, the one shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a plurality of windows (not shown in the drawing) on a laterally extending outer wall 1, 1 so as to prevent solar radiation. Many have a structure that can be taken indoors. In the figure, thick lines indicate load bearing walls, and a plurality of load bearing walls 2A are arranged at intervals on the laterally long outer wall 1 so as to avoid windows. In addition, this building is divided into a plurality of rooms indoors, and on the assumption that the floor plan is not changed, a bearing wall 2B is arranged on each partition wall to secure the strength of the building.

[0003]

By the way, nowadays, the word "reform" has been established, and the number of cases where the floor plan is changed is increasing a few years after the house is built. Specifically, for example, when a couple and their child live together, a floor plan with multiple rooms is preferred, but when the child becomes independent and only the elderly couple who has become older lives. It is preferable to use a floor plan that removes the partition walls of multiple rooms to provide a large living space that allows wheelchairs to move freely. In addition, with the declining birthrate and aging of the population, and the demand for housing that is friendly to people with disabilities is nowadays, there is a great demand for buildings with large rooms under the so-called barrier-free concept.

However, in the conventional building illustrated in FIG. 6, since the load bearing walls 2A are scattered on the outer wall 1 while avoiding the windows, it is not possible to secure a predetermined strength only with the outer wall, and the load bearing wall is used indoors. 2B must be provided. Since the positions of these load bearing walls 2B cannot be easily changed, it is difficult to change the floor plan.

On the other hand, as a structure for reducing the bearing wall indoors, there is generally known a structure in which the pillar is thickened to increase the strength. However, in this structure, since the pillar is simply thickened, the pillar protrudes from the wall surface, which is not preferable in terms of design, and the degree of freedom in arranging furniture and the like is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a building having a floor plan free space in which a floor plan can be easily changed even after it is built and which does not have a bearing wall. And

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems and Actions / Effects] <Inventions of Claims 1 and 2 > A building according to the invention of Claim 1 made to achieve the above-mentioned object has a plurality of dwellings connected in a column direction. Flat outer wall
A building steel brace as Housing provided with a balcony, respectively, the bearing wall column in which a plurality of bearing wall is in series at predetermined intervals, the outer edge of each balcony
By arranging the load-bearing wall groups on the outer wall and each flat-side outer wall , the load-bearing wall row groups are unevenly distributed at both outer facing positions of the building to form an indoor area sandwiched between the two load-bearing wall row groups. Resistant
An indoor area with a partition wall that is placed between the power wall rows
Are divided into multiple free-floor floor spaces that do not have bearing walls inside.
It has a feature when drawn. Thus, the building of the present invention
Then, since the load bearing wall groups are unevenly distributed at the opposite outer positions of the building, even if the number of load bearing walls is reduced in the indoor area sandwiched between the two sets of load bearing wall groups, or Even if the bearing wall is removed, it is possible to secure the strength higher than that specified by the Building Standards Act.

As a result, the degree of freedom in designing the floor plan in the indoor area is increased, and even if a partition wall is built between the rooms by once building it with a predetermined floor plan, the partition walls are made of other than the bearing wall. Therefore, the partition wall can be easily removed, and the floor plan can be easily changed after the partition wall is built. It is also possible to make the entire indoor area into one large room. Further, since the strength of the load bearing wall group is ensured, it is not necessary to make the pillar thick enough to project from the wall portion, it is excellent in design, and the indoor area can have a simple shape. In addition, since it has a steel brace structure, the wall thickness of the bearing wall can be made thinner than that of, for example, a reinforced concrete structure, and the indoor area can be widely and effectively utilized.

[0009]

Further, according to the present invention , the indoor area can be divided into a plurality of free floor spaces, and the floor plan can be freely set for each floor free space, thereby responding to diversification of floor plan needs. be able to. In addition, in claim 2
In the invention, since the partition wall is configured by connecting the load bearing wall and the non-bearing wall, it is also possible to cut off the portion of the non-bearing wall to allow the adjacent floor plan free spaces to communicate with each other.

<Invention of Claim 3> The invention of Claim 3 is a building having a generally rectangular cross section, and corner walls formed by abutting a pair of bearing walls at right angles are arranged at four corners.
Inside the corner walls, a free floor space with no bearing walls is provided, and outside the corner walls, a plurality of outer bearing walls facing each of the four corner walls are provided in both vertical and horizontal directions. The outer bearing wall and the corner wall are configured so as to exceed the predetermined strength of the building.

According to this construction, the corner wall in which the pair of load bearing walls are joined at a right angle and the outer load bearing wall which faces the corner wall in both the vertical and horizontal directions ensure a well-balanced strength in both the vertical and horizontal directions. It And by arranging these corner walls and outer bearing walls at the four corners, compared to a conventional building in which a plurality of bearing walls are scattered, a floor plan free space can be created.
It can be set widely. Further, since the predetermined strength is secured by the corner wall and the outer bearing wall, it is possible to improve ventilation and daylighting by opening the space between the corner walls without a wall.

In the invention of claim 3 and the inventions of claims 4 and 5 described below, if the pair of bearing walls are butted against each other at right angles, the corner wall is formed by joining the bearing walls. Alternatively, the load bearing walls may be separated from each other.

<Invention of Claims 4 and 5> Claim 4
The building according to the invention is a building configured by combining a plurality of building constructs, and the building construct is a corner wall formed by abutting a pair of bearing walls at right angles, arranging at four corners,
Inside the corner walls, there is a floor plan free space that does not have a bearing wall, and outside the corner walls, the corner walls are lined up in one of the vertical and horizontal directions. A wall is provided, and the outer bearing wall and the corner wall are configured so that the building structure exceeds a predetermined strength, and a desired number of building structures are continuous in a direction orthogonal to the one direction. Have.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method of designing a building, corner walls formed by abutting a pair of load bearing walls at right angles are arranged at four corners of a rectangular floor plan free space having no load bearing walls. A plurality of outer bearing walls facing each of the four corner walls is provided outside the wall in one of the vertical and horizontal directions in which the corner walls are lined up, and a building structure equipped with these outer bearing walls and corner walls is set. However, in the place where the building structure exceeds the predetermined strength at the outer bearing wall and the corner wall, and the desired number of building structures are continuous in the direction orthogonal to one direction to form one building. It has characteristics.

According to the inventions of claims 4 and 5, the strength calculation for one building structure is performed, and a desired number of the same building structures can be made continuous, so that the design man-hour is simplified, Design efficiency is improved. Here, in the continuous direction of the building structure, these building structures mutually reinforce each other, and in the direction orthogonal to the continuous direction, the outer load bearing wall plays the role of reinforcing, ,
It is possible to set a wide floor space without a bearing wall. Moreover, since the building structure is configured so that the corner wall and the outer bearing wall exceed the predetermined strength, the space between the corner walls may be opened to connect the floor space between adjacent building structures. , Block between the corner walls,
You can choose whether to partition the floor plan free space,
Greater freedom of design. Further, by opening the space between the corner walls, it is possible to improve ventilation and lighting.

In addition, in a boundary portion between adjacent building structures, a part of the bearing wall of the corner wall may be shared,
A part of the bearing walls of the corner wall may be doubly overlapped. Here, in the present invention, in the direction orthogonal to the continuous direction of the building structure, since the outer bearing wall plays a role of reinforcement, part of the bearing wall of the corner wall is shared by the adjacent building components. However, the wall thickness can be reduced, and the floor space can be widely and effectively utilized.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION <First Embodiment> A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
The building according to the present embodiment has a two-story structure, and is divided into four by the beam direction (left and right direction in FIG. 1) to form an apartment house in which four households are vertically arranged and a total of eight households 30 are connected. . Hereinafter, for convenience of description, in the present embodiment, the direction in which the building goes is, for example, the east-west direction, but, of course, the building according to the present invention is oriented in any direction of north, south, east, and west. May be.

Balconies 12 and 13 are formed on the upper and lower floors of the north and south flat outer walls 10 and 11 of the building, respectively. At the outer edges of these balconies 12 and 13, bearing walls 54 and 58, which will be described later, are arranged so as to correspond to the doorways of the houses 30, and the bearing walls 54 and 58 are
Handrails 14 are provided on portions other than 58. You can also go to the desired dwelling 30 on each floor through the north balcony 12.

An entrance door 31 is provided at a substantially central portion of the flat outer wall 10 facing north of each house 30,
A small window 32 is formed next to it. On the other hand, each house 3
The south side flat outer wall 11 of 0 has a south side balcony 13
In addition, two large windows 33 that can enter and exit are provided. In addition, as shown in FIG.
Have the same floor plan, and in the same way the specified partition wall 3
5 extends vertically and horizontally to form a plurality of small rooms.

The building of the present embodiment has a steel frame structure, and a plurality of steel frames are arranged inside each wall of the building to form the frame 50 shown in FIG. And
Plural rectangular frame parts are formed by pillars and beams at predetermined positions of the frame 50, and diagonal braces of these rectangular frame parts are provided to form the bearing walls 51, 52, 54, 56, 5 of the brace structure.
8 is formed.

These load bearing walls are indicated by thick lines in FIG. 1. Regarding the wall portions extending in the beam-to-beam direction of the building (vertical direction in FIG. 1), the load bearing walls are the doorway walls 19 between the houses 30.
A load bearing wall is not used for the wall portion (corresponding to the “compartment wall” of the present invention) and the end wall outer wall 18 that extend in the beam direction of the building other than these. Also, the doorway wall 19
The outer wall 18 and the wife-side outer wall 18 are provided with load bearing walls 51, 51 at both ends near the flat outer walls 10, 11, and the load bearing walls 51, 51 are connected by non-bearing walls.

With respect to the wall portion extending in the row direction of the building, the bearing walls are arranged on the outer edges of the flat outer walls 10 and 11 and the balconies 12 and 13 in the north and south, and in the other directions, the row direction of the building. No bearing wall is used for the wall portion extending to. In other words, with respect to the wall portion extending in the row direction of the building, the load bearing walls are unevenly distributed in the north and south outer positions of the building.

In detail, on the flat side outer wall 11 on the south side, the pillars 2 arranged at the intersections of the gable side outer wall 18 and the doorway wall 19 are provided.
0 (see FIG. 2) and the columns 21 (see FIG. 2) arranged along the outer edges of both outsides of the large windows 33, 33 (see FIG. 1) described above, the load bearing wall 52 is formed. ing. Therefore,
Looking at the entire building, a plurality of load bearing walls 52 are arranged in a straight line across the entire flat-side outer wall 11 facing south to form a first load bearing wall row 53, and adjacent houses Between the 30 members, the bearing walls 52 are adjacent to each other.

At the edge of the south side balcony 13, a plurality of load bearing walls 54 are provided at a portion facing the first load bearing wall row 53.
Is formed, the plurality of load bearing walls 54 are aligned to form a second load bearing wall row 55, and the first and second load bearing wall rows 53, 55 form a load bearing wall row group 60 on the south side. Has been done.

On the other hand, on the north side of the building, a plurality of load bearing walls 56 are formed in a portion of the flat outer wall 11 facing the first load bearing wall row 53 to form a first load bearing wall row 57 and to the north side. A plurality of load bearing walls 58 are formed in a portion of the edge portion of the balcony 12 facing the first load bearing wall row 57 to form a second load bearing wall row 59. And these first and second
The bearing wall rows 57 and 59 of No. 1 constitute a bearing wall row group 61 on the north side.

Here, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the total length of the living space sandwiched between the load bearing wall group 60, 61 is A in the opposing direction of the load bearing wall group 60, 61 and the north side. When the width of the load bearing wall group 61 of B is B and the width of the load bearing wall group 60 on the south side is C, A> B + C is set.

In other words, if the width between the bearing wall rows 55 and 59 on the outer side of the bearing wall row groups 60 and 61 is D, then A> D ×
It has a 50% relationship. More specifically, for example,
A / D is set to 75% (> 50%). In addition,
In the present embodiment, the width B of the load bearing wall group 60 on the north side is slightly larger than the width C of the load bearing wall group 60 on the south side.

As described above, the structure of the bearing wall is summarized as follows.
In the building of the present embodiment, between the two bearing wall row groups 60 and 61 that are unevenly distributed in the north and south, the doorway wall 19 provided with bearing walls is provided.
The outer wall 18 and the wife-side outer wall 18 are divided into four houses 30, and each house 30 has a floor plan free space having no bearing wall inside.

Next, the function and effect of the building of this embodiment will be described. In the building of the present embodiment, a pair of load bearing wall groups 60 and 61 are arranged at both outer sides of the north and south, and an area between the two load bearing wall groups 60 and 61 is an indoor area as the house 30. Therefore, even if the load bearing walls parallel to the load bearing wall row groups 60 and 61 are not provided inside each house 30, it is possible to secure the strength or more specified by the Building Standards Law.
Moreover, since the interior of each dwelling 30 partitioned by the doorway wall 19 and the wife-side outer wall 18 is made into a floor-planning free space having no bearing wall, the floor plan is determined at the initial stage of building design, for example. Even if it is not installed, the design of the skeleton can be proceeded, and the degree of freedom in design is increased. Thus, for example, when selling an apartment, it is possible to adopt a sales form in which the resident of each dwelling 30 is decided and then the floor plan is decided according to the request of the resident. In other words, it is possible to meet the diversification of floor plan needs.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, even if all the dwellings 30 have the same floor plan and the inside of each dwelling 30 is divided into a plurality of rooms, since the partition walls 35 are constituted by non-bearing walls, The partition wall 35 can be easily removed. Therefore, it is possible to easily change the floor plan after building. Moreover, since the doorway wall 19 is formed by connecting the load bearing wall 51 and the non-bearing wall, it is possible to cut off the non-bearing wall portion and connect the adjacent houses 30 to each other.

Furthermore, since the strength of the load bearing wall groups 60 and 61 is ensured, it is not necessary to make the pillars thick enough to project from the wall portions, which is excellent in design and allows the indoor space to have a simple shape. it can. Moreover, since it has a steel brace structure, the wall thickness of the load bearing wall can be made smaller than that of a reinforced concrete structure, for example. It becomes possible to do.

Further, each load bearing wall row 53, 55, 57, 59.
Can be effectively used as, for example, the balconies 12 and 13 by fixing the columns to separate columns so that the space between the load bearing wall rows can be set to a desired size.

Further, in this embodiment, the load bearing wall group 6
The total length of the house 30 is A in the direction in which 0 and 61 are opposed to each other,
When the width of one load bearing wall row group 61 is B and the width of the other load bearing wall row group 60 is C, the relationship of A> B + C is established. A wide living space is secured.

Next, an example of the building design method according to this embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, one of the above-mentioned dwellings 30 is used as a building structure according to the present invention, the strength of the building structure is calculated, and then a desired number of building structures are consecutively formed to form one housing complex. The design method is to complete.

One of the building structures is shown in FIG. 3, in which a pair of bearing walls 51, 56 (51, 52) are joined at a right angle to form a corner wall 95.
Are arranged at the four corners, and a floor plan free space 96 having no bearing wall is provided inside.

Therefore, in designing the building of this embodiment, first, the above-mentioned floor plan free space 96 is set to a desired size, and then the corner walls 95 are arranged at the four corners of the floor plan free space 96. To do.

Next, outside the corner walls 95, outside load bearing walls 54 and 58 facing the respective corner walls 95 in the vertical direction in FIG. 3 are provided. Then, the wall thickness and the like of the building material are set so that the building structure exceeds a predetermined strength only by the bearing walls 54, 58 and the corner wall 95. Here, in the present embodiment, adjacent building components share a part of the load bearing wall 51 of the corner wall 95, but in such a shared portion, the forces corresponding to the two building components are shared. The strength is calculated on the assumption that In addition,
It is also possible to form a structure in which the building walls adjacent to each other are simply overlapped with each other without sharing a part of the bearing wall of the corner wall. In addition, since the building of this embodiment has a two-story structure,
Strength calculation is performed using two layers of building components.

Next, the outer bearing walls 54 and 58 are
A desired number of building structures are made continuous in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the floor plan free space 96 is sandwiched (the left-right direction in FIG. 3).
At this time, the space between adjacent building structures may be closed by the doorway wall 19 as in the present embodiment, or the doorway wall may be removed and the floor space between the adjacent building structures may be eliminated. The free space 96 may be communicated.

As described above, according to the designing method of the present embodiment, the strength calculation for one building structure can be performed, and the desired number of the same building structures can be connected in succession. , The design efficiency is improved. Moreover, since the building structure is configured such that the corner wall 95 and the outer bearing walls 54 and 58 exceed the predetermined strength, the corner wall 9
Opening the space between 5 and connecting the floor space between adjacent building components, and closing the space between the corner walls,
You can choose whether to partition the floor plan free space,
Greater freedom of design. In addition, by opening the spaces between the corner walls 95, ventilation and lighting can be improved.

<Second Embodiment> This embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, and the present invention is applied to a single-family house. This house is provided with an entrance 70 on the upper side in the figure and a corridor 71 on the lower edge side in the figure. Then, the pair of load bearing walls 72, 72 provided so as to sandwich the both ends of the corridor 71 form two load bearing wall rows 73A, 73B extending in the left-right direction in the figure, which are the first load bearing walls. The wall row group 75 is formed.

On the other hand, on the outer wall 76 on the side of the entrance 70, load bearing walls 77 are arranged at three places spaced apart from each other, and load bearing wall rows 79 are provided.
A is formed. In addition, the bearing wall 7 disposed in a position facing the bearing wall 77 among the inner walls 74 parallel to the outer wall 76.
At 8, a bearing wall row 79B is formed. Then, the two load bearing wall rows 79A and 79B form a second load bearing wall row group 80. Furthermore, both bearing wall row groups 7
A plurality of load-bearing walls 82 are arranged at intervals on the outer wall 81 extending between the end portions of the 5, 80. Also in this embodiment, the total length between the load bearing wall group groups 75 and 80 is A, the width of one load bearing wall group 60 and 61 is B, and the width of the other load bearing wall group 60 and 61. Where C is C, A> B + C.

According to the building of the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the strength is secured by the load bearing wall row groups 75 and 80, so that a wide free space of the floor plan can be secured. Further, the space between the load bearing wall rows 73A and 73B can be effectively used as the corridor 71.

<Third Embodiment> This embodiment is shown in FIG. 5, and the present invention is applied to a detached house. This house is a building having a generally rectangular cross section, and has a double-wall structure including an inner wall portion 83 and an outer wall portion 84.

The inner side wall portion 83 has a rectangular tubular shape as a whole, and has corner walls 85 at four corners. This corner wall 85 is
It is formed by joining a pair of load bearing walls 86, 86 at a right angle. Further, a portion of the inner side wall portion 83 located on the right side in the figure is closed by a non-bearing wall 87 between the corner walls 85, and other portions can be opened with a sliding door or the like. There is.

On the other hand, the outer side wall portion 84 is generally in the shape of a rectangular tube surrounding the inner side wall portion 83, and the space between the inner side wall portion 83 and the outer side wall portion 84 has, for example, an entrance. , Washroom,
Bathrooms and corridors are provided. And the outer wall portion 8
4, outer side bearing walls 91 are arranged at positions facing the corner wall 85 in both vertical and horizontal directions, and the outer bearing walls 91 and the corner walls 85 are configured to exceed a predetermined strength of the building. is there.

According to the building of this embodiment, a pair of load bearing walls 86 are joined at a right angle to a corner wall 85, and an outer load bearing wall 91 opposed to the corner wall 85 in both vertical and horizontal directions.
With, the strength in both vertical and horizontal directions is secured in a well-balanced manner.
By arranging the corner walls 85 and the outer bearing walls 91 at the four corners, it is possible to set a larger floor plan free space as compared with a conventional building (see FIG. 6) in which a plurality of bearing walls are scattered. In addition, since the strength is secured by the corner wall 85 and the outer bearing wall 91, it is possible to improve ventilation and daylighting by opening the space between the corner walls 85 without a wall.

<Other Embodiments> The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, the embodiments described below are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.
Other than the following, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

(1) In the first to third embodiments, no load bearing wall is provided inside the indoor area, but a load bearing wall may be partially provided. That is, most bearing walls
If it is unevenly distributed on both sides of the building, even if a load bearing wall is provided in a part of the inside of the indoor area, it becomes advantageous in changing the floor plan, and such a thing is also included in the present invention. For example, when the floor plan is changed in the future, it is determined that the water flow around the bathroom, toilet, etc. is not changed, and the partition wall 35A (see FIG. 1) that separates the bathroom and toilet of the first embodiment is used as a bearing wall. You may comprise.

(2) Further, the number of rows forming the load bearing wall row group does not necessarily have to be two, and the load bearing wall row group may be formed of a plurality of rows.

(3) In the first embodiment, the present invention is applied to a two-story building, but the present invention is applied to a one-story building or a three-story building or more. Good.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view of a building according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a framework of a building.

FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view showing a building structure.

FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view of a building according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a plan sectional view of a building according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a plan sectional view of a conventional building

[Explanation of symbols]

30 ... Dwelling 19 ... Door wall (compartment wall) 53, 55, 57, 59, 73A, 73B, 79A, 7
9B ... Bearing wall rows 60, 61, 75, 80 ... Bearing wall row groups 51, 52, 54, 56, 58 ... Bearing walls 85, 95 ... Corner walls

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04H 9/02 321 E04H 1/04

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] A plurality of dwellings are arranged in a row in a flat direction
As an apartment house with a balcony on each side wall
In the building with a steel brace structure of, a load-bearing wall row in which a plurality of load-bearing walls are connected in series at predetermined intervals is provided on the outer edge portion of each balcony and each flat-side outer wall.
By arranging them, the load-bearing wall row groups are unevenly distributed at both opposite outer positions of the building to form an indoor area sandwiched between the two load-bearing wall row groups. At the partition wall that passed between
Free floor plan for indoor areas with multiple bearing walls inside
A building characterized by being divided into spaces. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the partition wall is configured by connecting a load bearing wall and a non-bearing wall. 3. A building having a generally rectangular flat cross section, in which corner walls formed by a pair of load bearing walls abutting each other at right angles are arranged at four corners, and floor plans having no load bearing walls inside the corner walls. Along with the free space, a plurality of outer bearing walls facing each of the corner walls at the four corners are provided on the outside of the corner wall in both the vertical and horizontal directions in which the corner walls are lined up. , A building characterized by being configured to exceed a predetermined strength of the building. 4. A building constructed by combining a plurality of building constructions, wherein the building construction has corner walls formed by a pair of load bearing walls butting against each other at right angles and arranged at four corners. A plurality of outer bearing walls facing each of the four corner walls in any one of the vertical and horizontal directions in which the corner walls are lined up on the outside of the corner wall, with a floor plan free space having no bearing wall on the inside. By providing the outer bearing wall and the corner wall, the building structure is configured to exceed a predetermined strength, in the direction orthogonal to the one direction, a desired number of the building structure is continuous. Characteristic building. 5. A corner wall formed by butting a pair of load bearing walls at right angles to each other is arranged at each of four corners of a rectangular floor plan free space having no load bearing wall, and the corner walls are arranged outside the corner wall in the vertical and horizontal directions. In any one direction, a plurality of outer bearing walls facing each of the corner walls of the four corners are provided, and a building structure including these outer bearing walls and corner walls is set, wherein the building structure is the outside. A building design characterized in that the strength of the bearing wall and the corner wall exceeds a predetermined strength, and a desired number of the building constituents are continuous in one direction in a direction orthogonal to the one direction. Method.