JP3237960B2 - チップが基板に熱的にマッチしない感光性アレイ - Google Patents
チップが基板に熱的にマッチしない感光性アレイInfo
- Publication number
- JP3237960B2 JP3237960B2 JP15589793A JP15589793A JP3237960B2 JP 3237960 B2 JP3237960 B2 JP 3237960B2 JP 15589793 A JP15589793 A JP 15589793A JP 15589793 A JP15589793 A JP 15589793A JP 3237960 B2 JP3237960 B2 JP 3237960B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chip
- substrate
- array
- chips
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
- G06K7/10821—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices
- G06K7/10841—Particularities of the light-sensitive elements
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- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
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- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/041—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L31/00
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- H01L2224/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/29001—Core members of the layer connector
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Description
れる半導体チップに関する。特に本発明は、半導体チッ
プのものとは大幅に相違した熱膨張係数を有する基板上
に半導体チップを取り付けることができる方法に関す
る。
る半導体チップを第二の熱膨張係数を有する基板上に取
り付けたアセンブリーが提供される。半導体チップは、
実質的に液状のチキソトロピーのエポキシ(thixotropic
epoxy) によって基板の表面に取り付けられ、それによ
りそれぞれの半導体チップは別の半導体チップと接触し
ている。基板は、最終的なアセンブリーがおそらく出合
うであろう予期されるあらゆる温度よりも低い所定の温
度まで冷却される。それから基板は加熱され、エポキシ
を硬化させる。
の密接して取り付けられたシリコンチップを有するベー
ス基板を簡単化して示す斜視図である。
したシリコンチップ12a、12b・・・12zを有す
るベース基板10が示されている。図に示されたチップ
12a−12zは、機能に関して特定されていないが、
これらはそれぞれ、CCD、別のタイプの感光半導体チ
ップ、LED(発光ダイオード)プリントバー、サーマ
ルインクジェット技術に関するチップ、又は一連の半導
体チップを密接配置する必要があるその他あらゆる目的
のものの一部を表すことができることは明らかである。
基板10上で隣接するチップ12間の側部境界面には、
好適にはバックカット13が形成される。バックカット
13は、基板10の表面に隣接して配置されたその開い
た端部を有する開放端開口であり、かつ隣接チップ及び
基板10の間に狭い空洞を形成するために使われる。こ
のようなバックカットは、例えば米国特許第48142
96号明細書に開示されている。基板上の密接チップの
1つの代表的な用途において、チップ12a−12z
は、ほぼ0.4mm(17ミル)の厚さを有し、バック
カットの範囲におけるそれぞれのチップの厚さがほぼ
0.15mm(6ミル)であるようなバックカットをそ
のエッジに有する。バックカット13により形成された
空洞は、その他の理由のなかでも、後で説明するように
アレイアセンブリープロセスにおいて、基板10上に置
かれかつアレイにしたチップの下から押し出された過剰
量のエポキシを収容するために有用である。
2z上に、反復構造14のセットも定義されている。本
明細書及び特許請求の範囲においてここで使用した場
合、“反復構造(repititive structure)”とは、それぞ
れのチップ上で規則的間隔を置いた規則的パターンを形
成するあらゆる装置又は構造に関するものである。これ
ら構造は、例えば限定の意味ではなく、CCDの感光位
置、LED、又はサーマルインクジェットプリントヘッ
ドの一部における毛管通路又は抵抗であってもよい。前
記のようにこのような反復構造の規則的間隔は、特に隣
接チップ間のギャップにおいてチップ対チップベースで
維持することは通常困難である。
2a−12z用の最も共通の基本的材料は、結晶質シリ
コンである。この物質は、比較的低いTCEを有し、す
なわちおそらくさらされる利用可能温度の範囲に沿って
結晶質シリコンには、比較的わずかな寸法変化しか生じ
ない。それに対して、構造のコスト及び容易さの観点か
ら基板10のために望ましい1つの材料は、アルミナの
ような金属酸化物又はセラミック材料である。このよう
にして完成されたアレイが、はじめにアセンブルされた
ときの温度(典型的には室温)よりも低い温度にさらさ
れると、チップアレイよりも大きく収縮する基板の作用
は、比較的壊れやすいチップに圧縮応力を引き起こす。
このような状態は、代表的には保管及び輸送の間に引き
起こされる。
が、一般にシリコン又はガリウム砒素であるチップ12
a−12zの材料よりも大きなTCEを有することがわ
かっている一般的な場合に有用である本発明の方法によ
れば、次のステップが行なわれる。すなわち第一にチッ
プは、ゲル又は液化した形のチキソトロピーのエポキシ
によって基板上に仮止めされる。初めの仮止めのために
チップは、その側面が直接接触するように密着させられ
る。それからアセンブルされたアレイは、重要なことで
あるが、なるべく完成したアレイがおそらく受けるであ
ろうあらゆる保管温度よりも低い温度にまで冷却され
る。エポキシがその液状の硬化していない状態にあると
き、エポキシは、チップを所定の位置に保持するが、チ
ップは、基板10の表面に対して相対的に動かすことが
できる。この“冷却”ステップの間に、密接したチップ
の下の基板10の比較的はっきりした収縮は、チップよ
りもずっと大幅に基板が収縮するので、チップの底面に
対して相対的な基板の上面のいくらかのスライドを引き
起こす。この低温処理サイクルの後に、アレイは炉の中
に配置され、典型的には125°−150°にされ、こ
の炉の中で基板は、アレイより多く膨張し、エポキシを
硬化させ、かつ隣接するチップ間に極めて小さなギャッ
プを残す。その秘訣は、実際に初めの冷却ステップが、
予期できる範囲でできるだけ近くに基板上においてチッ
プを引き寄せることにあり、すなわちチップと基板は、
両方共最大圧縮点にある。この最大収縮の低温状態から
後続の加熱又は使用により引き起こされるなんらかの膨
張は、最大収縮の基本状態から始まり、かつそれ故に基
板が膨張したとき、チップの表面と基板の表面との間に
生じるせん断力は最小になる。
した極めて近いTCEを有するもの以外でも基板材料を
全幅のアレイに使用するために考慮できるようにする。
本方法は、1つの個別基板10から次のものへのTCE
の変化を、単一基板内でのTCE変化でさえも、自動的
に補償する。適当な温度処理を介して、微細なギャップ
が、チップ間に慎重に形成され、チップアレイと基板の
間の温度勾配を補償する。すなわちこの低温ステップの
ため、突き合わせたチップの端部感光位置間の異常な間
隔が予測でき、したがってチップの設計の際に補償でき
る。本来本発明の方法は、チップ材料と基板との間のT
CEの不調和を補償するためにチップからチップへの間
隔を最小値にする。本発明の方法は、基板のTCEがチ
ップのものより大きいのか又は小さいのかがわからない
場合でさえ使用できる。
温処理ステップの間に、チップアレイよりも基板を慎重
に冷却し、チップアレイと基板の間に温度勾配を形成す
ることにある。この方法は、例えば基板がチップアレイ
に極めて良好にTCEを調和した場合にも使用でき、か
つチップアレイが常に動作中には熱源であり、基板より
も高い温度になっており、かつそれ故に基板よりも大き
く膨張するので有用である。それからチップ間には小さ
なギャップが形成されており、ここにおいてチップの追
加的な膨張を許容し、チップの力学的な応力を生じない
ようになっており、又は動作中にアセンブリーを歪ませ
ないようになっている。
に加えて、本発明は、基板上にチップを2次元配列して
構成することもでき、その場合チップは、列及び行内に
おいて互いに突き合わされる。
関する計算である。
pm/℃のTCE)。チップはシリコンであり、3.0
ppm/℃のTCEを有する。アレイは、本発明の方法
にしたがって、室温でチップを互いに突き合わせてアセ
ンブルした。低温処理(“フリージング”ステップ)の
間、チップアレイと基板の間に温度勾配は生じない。走
査装置の一部としてチップを動作させる間に、チップア
レイと基板の間に温度勾配は生じない。低温処理は−2
0℃で行なわれた。アレイ動作温度は60℃である。ア
レイ全体の長さは315mmであり、室温(25℃)で
突き合わせた15.748mmの長さのチップ20個か
ら構成されている。チップは、それぞれ25.4mm
(1インチ)あたり400スポットの間隔を置いた、し
たがって63.5μmの中心間間隔を有する感光位置の
セットを定義している。それ故に25℃のアレイアセン
ブリー温度から−20℃の低温処理温度に達することに
よりチップアレイよりも大幅に基板が収縮する値は、 0.315m×[(6.55−3.0)×10-6m/m℃][25−(−20)℃] =50.3μm アレイを25℃の室温まで戻したときのチップ間ギャッ
プは=50.3÷19ギャップ=2.6μmのチップ間
ギャップであり、感光位置の63.5μmの標準間隔の
観点からおおいに管理可能である。 150℃のエポキシ硬化温度におけるチップ間ギャップ;1
0.0μm 60℃の動作温度におけるチップ間ギャップ; 4.7μm
であり、かつチップの厚さにわたる温度勾配がなく、か
つ基板の厚さにわたる温度勾配がないものと仮定すれ
ば、チップアレイは85℃の温度で動作し、かつ基板は
55℃の温度で動作する。完全に基板にTCEを調和さ
せた密接チップアレイの場合でさえ、この設定条件を与
えれば、チップは、基板よりも高い温度になっているの
で、圧縮応力を受ける(アレイの湾曲及び場合によって
はチップ破損を含む)。しかしこの例においてアセンブ
ルされたアレイについては、85℃のチップアレイおよ
び55℃の基板でのギャップ間間隔=[{ 0.315m×6.
55×10-6m/m/℃[55−(−20) ]℃}−{ 0.315m
×3.0 ×10-6m/m/℃[85−(−20) ]℃}]÷19ギ
ャップ=2.9 μm;依然として感光位置の標準的な6
3.5μmの間隔の観点から非常に管理可能である。
このようなアレイの設計には以前は利用できなかった種
々の材料を使用して、融通性があり、故障しにくくかつ
比較的安価な大きなアレイの半導体装置の設計を容易に
することは明らかである。
取り付けられたシリコンチップを有するベース基板を簡
単化して示す斜視図である。
ックカット、14 反復構造
Claims (1)
- 【請求項1】 第一の熱膨張係数を有する複数の半導体
チップを第二の熱膨張係数を有する基板上に取り付け
る、次のステップを含む方法:実質的に液状のチキソト
ロピーのエポキシによって基板の表面に半導体チップを
取り付け、それぞれの半導体チップを隣接した半導体チ
ップと接触させ;半導体チップの通常動作温度に相当す
るあらかじめ選択した温度よりも低い所定の温度にまで
基板を冷却し;そしてエポキシを硬化させるために基板
とチップを加熱する。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/974,567 US5272113A (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1992-11-12 | Method for minimizing stress between semiconductor chips having a coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of a mounting substrate |
US974567 | 1992-11-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH06224233A JPH06224233A (ja) | 1994-08-12 |
JP3237960B2 true JP3237960B2 (ja) | 2001-12-10 |
Family
ID=25522190
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP15589793A Expired - Lifetime JP3237960B2 (ja) | 1992-11-12 | 1993-06-25 | チップが基板に熱的にマッチしない感光性アレイ |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5272113A (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3237960B2 (ja) |
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-
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-
1993
- 1993-06-25 JP JP15589793A patent/JP3237960B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-12-19 US US08/359,352 patent/US5473513A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200088210A (ko) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-22 | 제록스 코포레이션 | 서브마이크로미터 y-축 정렬을 갖는 복수의 선형 어레이를 제조하는 방법 |
KR102509375B1 (ko) | 2019-01-14 | 2023-03-10 | 제록스 코포레이션 | 서브마이크로미터 y-축 정렬을 갖는 복수의 선형 어레이를 제조하는 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH06224233A (ja) | 1994-08-12 |
US5473513A (en) | 1995-12-05 |
US5272113A (en) | 1993-12-21 |
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