JP3191983B2 - Root crop harvester - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a root crop harvesting machine constructed such that root crops such as ginseng, radish, onion and the like are pulled up from a field, cut into leaves, and collected.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As the root crop harvester described above, for example, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 34575/1990, the leaves of root crops planted in a field are clamped between left and right upper transport belts and transported rearward and upward. By doing so, the root vegetables are pulled out of the field and suspended and transported, and the leaves of the root vegetables that are suspended and transported are guided between the lower transport belts serving as left and right ascending position regulation guides, and the root vegetable body is lifted. It is known that the height of the root vegetable main body is adjusted by regulating, and the leaves of the aligned root vegetable are cut with a cutter to drop and collect the root vegetable main body.

[0003]

According to the root vegetable harvesting machine having the above-mentioned structure, it is expected that a series of efficient leaf cutting operations can be performed after extracting the root vegetables, but it cannot be said that it is still sufficient in practical use. There was room for improvement.

That is, the leaves located between the left and right lower conveyor belts at the location where the root vegetables are aligned are sandwiched from the left and right so as to be allowed to move upward.
Since the leaves are in a sandwiching state in which the leaves are easily displaced, the leaves are inclined forward and backward by the force applied to the leaves by the cutter when the leaves are cut, and the cut surface of the leaves is inclined. There was a fear. In particular, the sharpness of the cutter decreases,
When the leaves are hard, or when the root vegetable body is light, the leaves are likely to shift and move due to the cutting force, so that the above-described problem is likely to occur.

In the positioning means, the root vegetable body is received on the lower surface of the lower transport belt during transportation so that the root vegetable body is aligned in height. In order to avoid this, the cutter is disposed above the lower transport belt. As a result, the leaves will remain in the root vegetable body that has been subjected to the leaf cutting process, and the leaves will remain for a long time, and there will be almost no residue of the leaves, that is, the root vegetable body whose leaves have been cut at the boundary between the leaves and the upper end of the root vegetable body If you want to get
The root crop harvesting machine is not effectively used, for example, it is necessary to manually cut off the leaves remaining on the root crop body that has been mechanically harvested and collected.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to reliably and efficiently perform high-precision leaf cutting processing while maintaining the height adjusted by the alignment apparatus. In addition, a main object of the present invention is to provide a root crop harvester excellent in practical use, which can perform leaf cutting with almost no leftover of leaves.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems [Structure, operation and effect of the invention according to claim 1]

(Structure) A root crop harvesting machine according to claim 1 is a pinch pulling and conveying device that pinches and lifts a leaf portion of a root vegetable in a field and hangs and conveys it upward and backward. A position aligning device that introduces the leaf portion between the left and right ascending position regulating guide portions and regulates the elevation of the root vegetable body while moving backward, and aligns the height thereof, and a position of the leaf portion above the position aligning device. And a cutting device for cutting the leaf portion of the root vegetable held by the leaf cutting and conveying device, and the cutting device is directed inward in opposite directions to each other. And a pair of left and right disk cutters that are forcibly rotated.

(Action) According to the above-mentioned structure, the root vegetables in the field are lifted up and down in the left and right directions forming the position aligning device in a state where the leaves are held by the holding / pulling-up / carrying device and suspended above. By being introduced between the position regulation guides and moving rearward and upward, the height position of the root vegetable main body is aligned by the elevation regulation action by the left and right elevation position regulation guides. The height of the root vegetables is adjusted by the alignment device, the root vegetables are supplied to the cutting device by the leaf cutting and holding device, the leaves are cut, and the root vegetable body is dropped and collected.

In this case, the leaf portion of the root vegetable that is suspended and conveyed is sandwiched between the pair of left and right disk cutters that are forcibly rotated inward in opposite directions while being securely clamped by the leaf cutting and clamping device. As it is guided, the leaf is introduced so as to be scraped into the cutting part by the inward rotation of the cutter, and the force acts uniformly on the leaf from the left and right cutters, so that the root vegetables swing back and forth and left and right Cutting is performed in a state where it is unlikely to occur.

(Effect) Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, by employing the leaf cutting and holding device, it is possible to secure the aligned position and reliably cut the leaves, and receive the leaves from the cutter at the time of cutting. Root vegetables run away in the forward and left and right directions by force,
It is possible to mechanize the recovery of the root vegetable main body, which can perform high-precision leaf cutting without causing the cut surface of the leaf portion to be inclined, and can sufficiently respond to practical use.

In addition, it is possible to dispose the cutter directly above the root vegetable main body, and it is possible to collect the root vegetable main body having almost no uncut portion of the leaves, and the practical effect is further enhanced.

[Structure, operation and effect of the invention according to claim 2]

(Structure) In the root crop harvesting machine according to the second aspect, in the invention according to the first aspect, the opposing working surfaces of the left and right ascending position regulating guides constituting the positioning device are elastically retracted. It is configured to be possible.

(Function) According to the above configuration, when the leaves are introduced between the working surfaces of the right and left ascending position regulating guides constituting the position aligning device to regulate the ascent of the root vegetable main body, the amount of the leaves is regulated. Even if there are many, the opposing working surface elastically recedes, without causing clogging etc., the opposing working surface appropriately pinches and guides the leaves, allowing vertical movement of the leaves. Guides the leaves smoothly.

(Effects) Therefore, according to the invention of claim 2, in the process of adjusting the height of the root vegetable main body by the alignment device, the right and left ascending position regulating guides whose working surfaces can be elastically retracted are provided. Regardless of the amount of leaves, the leaves are properly guided and sandwiched, so that the height alignment accuracy of the root vegetable main body can be maintained high without causing clogging, and the cutting height accuracy after that is high And promotes the above effects of the invention according to claim 1.

[Structure, operation and effect of the invention according to claim 3]

(Structure) In the root crop harvesting machine according to a third aspect, in the invention according to the first aspect, the right and left ascending position regulating guides constituting the positioning device are constituted by guide bars.

(Function) According to the above configuration, the root portion of the root vegetable that is suspended and conveyed is introduced between the left and right guide bars, and while the root portion is moved rearward, the height of the root vegetable main body is regulated to make the height uniform. With a simple configuration called a guide bar, the height can be made uniform by regulating the rise while smoothly guiding the leaves of the root vegetables to the rear.

(Effects) Therefore, according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the positioning device is constituted by the guide bar, the relative rise of the leaves can be smoothly performed with a simple structure, and the root vegetable main body is provided. It is possible to increase the alignment accuracy of the height position of the object. As a result, it is possible to efficiently perform a series of cutting from the root vegetables to the cutting and leaf cutting, and to improve the alignment accuracy of the height position in the pre-cutting process with a simple configuration, so that the cutting height of the leaf part is constant. It has become possible to perform highly accurate leaf cutting.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a root crop harvester according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show an overall side view of the root crop harvesting machine and a simplified plan view of the front part of the machine, respectively. In this root crop harvesting machine, a leaf Wb of a root vegetable W planted in a field is nipped by a pair of left and right transport belts 11, pulled up obliquely upward at the rear of the machine body, and nipped and transported in a suspended state. Device 9
Airframe 1 provided with crawler traveling device 5 and boarding control unit 6
The cutting unit 3 cuts the leaf portion Wb of the root vegetable W suspended and conveyed, and collects the root-cut root vegetable body Wa on the machine body.

At the front end side of the holding / pulling / up conveying device 9,
A pair of left and right weeding tools 7 and a leaf pulling device 2 are provided, and are configured to raise the leaves Wb of the root vegetables W planted in the field and guide them to the start end of the nipping and pulling transport device 9.

Below the rear half of the nipping / pulling-up / conveying device 9, there is provided a position aligning device 12 for adjusting the height of the root vegetable main body Wa in the root vegetable W being suspended and conveyed.

The position aligning device 12 regulates the height of the root vegetable main body Wa while the root vegetable W moves upward and rearward and aligns the height thereof. In this embodiment, it is shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. As described above, the brackets 19 are provided for each of the chain links 13 on the outer side of the horizontally wound chain 15, and the three rollers 14 rotatable around the axis Y in the longitudinal direction of the machine body with respect to each bracket 19. It has a structure equipped with. The roller 14 functions as an ascending position regulating guide portion, and is attached to the chain link 13 in a state in which a biasing force toward the root vegetable transport path is applied by a spring 16. Therefore, the leaf portion Wb of the root vegetable W It receives a rearward transfer force that is elastically held between the opposing left and right rollers 14,14. And the positioning device 1 having a function of restricting the raising of the nipping / pulling / up conveying device 9 and the root vegetable body Wa.
2 is set so as to be wider as it goes to the lower side in the transport direction.

As shown in FIG. 5, the left and right conveyor belts 1
A number of rolling wheels 17 are provided on the first and the eleventh for generating a pinching force of the leaf portion by pressing them toward the root vegetable transport path side, and are provided from the front end to a portion corresponding to the front end of the positioning device 12. In the belt front side portion 11a, the strength of the urging spring 8 of the rolling wheel 17 is set so that a strong pinching force sufficient to reliably pull up the root vegetables W in the field is provided, and
Then, the rear belt intermediate portion 11b and the belt rear half portion 11
In c, the spring 10 for urging the belt is set to be weaker than the spring 8 so that the holding force of the leaf portion Wb is weaker than the holding force of the belt front side portion 11a.

At the rear position of the position aligning device 12, the leaf portion Wb of the root vegetable W is moved by a scraping-type rotary cutter that drives a forwardly rotating disk cutter 20 and a reversely rotating disk cutter 21 to rotate inward each other. A leaf cutting device 3 for cutting off is arranged, and a leaf cutting sandwiching and conveying device 22 that sandwiches the leaf portion Wb above the alignment device 12 from left and right and supplies the aligned root vegetables W to the cutting device 3 is provided. ing.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the root vegetable W is hung and transported by the nipping / pulling-up transport device 9 so as to come into contact with the root vegetable main body Wa so that the shape of the root vegetable main body Wa falls within a predetermined range. And a rejection means D for rejecting the root vegetable main body Wa having an irregular shape. The variant detection means C detects the root vegetable main body W having a shape outside a predetermined range. An automatic sorting device A that links the exclusion unit D and the variant detection unit C is configured so that the exclusion unit D functions when the variant detection information is output.

That is, the sensors 23 having the contacts 23a extending from the left and right to the outside on the transport path W below the position aligning device 12 are arranged at a total of four positions in the upper, lower, left and right directions, and the irregularity detecting means C
And a swing arm 2 having a vertical axis X
The rotary blade 24 driven by the electric motor 26 provided at the tip of the actuator 5 is driven to swing into an action position in which the rotary blade 24 enters the transfer path W by the expansion and contraction operation of the solenoid 27 and a non-use position retracted from the transfer path W. Eliminating means D is configured freely, and the four sensors 23, the solenoid 27, and the electric motor 2
6 is connected to the control device 28 to form an automatic sorting device A.

When none of the contacts 23a move, the solenoid 27 operates the rotary blade 24 to the non-use position, and when any contact 23a moves, the solenoid 27 moves.
Controls the rotating blade 24 to the non-use posture.
8 function, thereby providing four sensors 23
It is possible to detect whether or not the shape of the carrot passing through the gap is a prescribed shape. Therefore, by appropriately arranging the positions at the top, bottom, left, and right of the tips of the four contacts 23a, the shape to be excluded can be set in advance. A switch 29 turns on and off the operation of the automatic sorting device A.

The main operation of the harvesting operation will be described. With the advance of the machine body, first, the leaf Wb of the root vegetable W in the field is scooped up by the weeding tool 7 and guided to the working area of the leaf pulling device 2.
The leaf pulling device 2 pulls up the leaf Wb and guides the leaf Wb between the left and right transport belt front sides 11a in the nipping pulling transporting device 9. The leaf portion Wb is pinched by the left and right conveyor belt front side portions 11a with a strong pinching force and lifted rearward and upward, whereby the root vegetables W are pulled up from the field, and subsequently, the belt intermediate portion 1 in the pinch pulling and conveying device 9.
1b, the rear half portion 11c of the belt, and the alignment device 12 are conveyed rearward and upward.

At this time, since the distance between the nipping / pulling-up conveying device 9 and the alignment device 12 gradually increases toward the lower side of the conveyance, the root vegetable main body Wa, which is suspended and conveyed, gradually approaches the lower surface of the alignment device 12. Then, the upper surface of the root vegetable main body Wa is brought into contact with the roller 14 as the ascending position regulating guide section. Then, after that, due to the weak gripping force of the belt rear half portion 11b in the gripping pull-up transport device 9, the backward transport force is transmitted to the root vegetables W, and the relative slipping movement downward of the leaf portion Wb is allowed. At the end of the conveyor belt 11, the root vegetable main body Wa is brought into a state in which the height is made uniform by the rollers 14. Then, the leaf portion Wb is pinched by the leaf cutting and pinching and conveying device 22 and supplied to the cutting device 3 as it is.

The root vegetables W supplied to the cutting device 3 are left and right circles in a state where the leaf portion Wb is securely pinched without moving by the leaf cutting and holding device 22 at a position away from the root vegetable main body Wa. It is fed between the plate cutters 20, 21. Since the left and right disk cutters 20 and 21 are driven to rotate inward each other, the leaf portion Wb nipped by the leaf cutting and nipping and transporting device 22 is guided so as to be scraped into the cut portion,
It is cut just above the root vegetable body Wa.

[Other Embodiments] (1) In this embodiment, the root vegetable W is nipped and lifted from the field, the suspended root vegetable W is suspended and conveyed, and the alignment device 1 is used.
The height adjustment of the root vegetable main body Wa in cooperation with 2 is performed by the nipping / pulling-up / conveying device 9 including a series of conveying belts 11, but each functional unit may be configured separately and independently. (2) The alignment device 12 may be configured by a simple pair of guide bars in addition to the chain 15 having the roller as the ascending position control guide portion as described above.

In the claims, reference numerals are provided for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the attached drawings.

[Brief description of the drawings]

[Figure 1] Overall side view of root crop harvester

FIG. 2 is a simplified plan view of the front part of the fuselage.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing an operation state of the alignment device.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a part of the alignment device.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a nipping / pulling-up / carrying device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Cutting device 9 Nipping pulling conveyance device 12 Positioning device 14 Ascending position regulation guide part 20 Disk cutter 21 Disk cutter W Root vegetable Wa Root vegetable body Wb Leaf part

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01D 13/00-33/14

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for removing leaves (Wb) of root vegetables (W) in a field.
Nipping and pulling to pick up and hang it to the upper rear
Lifting and conveying device (9) and root vegetables (W) suspended and conveyed
Left and right ascending position regulating guides (14)
Of the root vegetables (Wa)
Positioning device (12) for restricting ascent and adjusting its height
Above the alignment device (12) for the leaf (Wb)
Leaf clipping and transporting device that clamps the position and transports it backward
(22), and was pinched by the leaf cutting and pinching transport device (22).
A cutting device (3) for cutting the leaves (Wb) of the root vegetables (W);
And cutting the cutting device (3) in directions opposite to each other.
A pair of left and right disk cutters (2
Root vegetables characterized by comprising (0) and (21)
Harvester. 2. A left part of the positioning device (12).
The opposing working surface of the right ascending position regulating guide (14) is
2. The root according to claim 1, wherein the root is configured to be elastically retractable.
Vegetable harvester. 3. A left part of the positioning device (12).
The right ascending position regulating guide is composed of a guide bar.
The root crop harvester according to claim 1.