JP3669767B2 - Pre-treatment device for root crop harvester - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a harvester for root vegetables such as radishes and carrots, and more particularly to a technique for gathering stems and leaves that spread around the ground so that they can be efficiently pulled out from the ground.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As conventional root crop harvesters, those disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-46100 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-143810 are known. In any of these publications, the foliage immediately before the root vegetables are extracted from the field. There is a mechanism that triggers. The former is configured as a horizontal rotation type that rotates and moves the belt with protrusions around the longitudinal axis, and the latter is configured as a vertical rotation type that rotates and moves the belt with protrusions around the horizontal axis. It was.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
There is room for improvement in any of the above-described pulling mechanisms. That is, the state of dispersion around the foliage will be described with reference to FIG. 15 and FIG. 14 that are divided into directions A to H as an example. If the traveling direction of the aircraft is A (front), In the rotation type, the A and E directions can be caused satisfactorily and the B, D, F, and H directions can be caused uncertainly, but the C and G directions are often left behind.
On the other hand, in the vertical rotation type, the C and G directions can be raised satisfactorily, and the B, D, F, and H directions can be raised uncertainly, but the A and E directions are often left behind. is there.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to enable effective raising of the foliage spreading in all directions, and to allow the raising action to be exerted regardless of changes in the degree of filling of the root vegetables in the field. .
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
〔Constitution〕
1st invention is the pretreatment apparatus of the root vegetable harvester equipped with the extraction device which pulls out the root vegetable planted in the field by pinching the stem and leaves in the extraction frame ,
Rotating and moving multiple protrusions around the axis in the left-right direction to cause the root vegetable stems and leaves in the ground to rotate, and rotating the protrusions around the axis in the front-rear direction And a pulling mechanism comprising a horizontal pulling mechanism that raises the roots and leaves of the root vegetables, and a link mechanism that connects the pulling apparatus to the pulling frame so as to be movable up and down, and the pulling apparatus is pulled out. An up-down adjustment mechanism that adjusts the frame up and down is provided .
[0005]
The second aspect of the invention is characterized in that the relative heights of both the vertical turning type and the horizontal turning type pulling mechanisms are adjustable.
[0006]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the protrusion of the vertical rotation type raising mechanism is made of synthetic resin, and the protrusion of the horizontal rotation type raising mechanism is made of an elastic material.
[0007]
The fourth invention is characterized in that the protrusions of both the raising mechanisms are made of an elastic material.
[0008]
In a fifth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of endless rotating belts with protrusions are wound around a pair of upper and lower rings to form a laterally rotating mechanism, and a pair of laterally retracting mechanisms are arranged on the left and right sides. The lateral rotation type pulling mechanism is characterized in that it is relatively disposed so that the distance between the left and right sides becomes wider as it goes upward.
[0009]
[Action]
According to the configuration of claim 1, since the pulling device is provided with both the vertical pulling mechanism and the horizontal pulling mechanism , the raising of the foliage extending in all directions of front, rear, left and right is achieved. It becomes possible. This eliminates the failure to grasp the foliage with the pulling device, and the pulling force acts effectively to reliably pull out the root vegetables from the ground, and there is also the risk of inconvenience that the fouling that has been missed is clogged with other mechanical devices. It is eliminated and it becomes advantageous for the post process.
Also, a link mechanism for connecting a pulling device composed of a vertical rotation type pulling mechanism and a horizontal rotation type pulling mechanism so as to be movable up and down with respect to the pulling frame, and a vertical movement for adjusting the pulling device up and down with respect to the pulling frame. since the height levels of both adjustment mechanisms and to cause vertical turning type Pick mechanism and horizontal turning type of so are provided with a mechanism can vertically adjusted integrally with the vertical adjustment mechanism, foliage vary depending root type and origin It can correspond to the base position (height from the ground) and can be set so that the pulling action can be satisfactorily exhibited.
[0010]
Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the longitudinal rotation type pulling mechanism 1 </ b> A can satisfactorily raise the foliage in the C and G directions, and the foliage in the B, D, F, and H directions can be raised approximately. However, the foliage in the A and E directions can hardly be caused. On the other hand, the horizontal turning type lifting mechanism 1B satisfactorily raises the foliage in the A and E directions, and the foliage in the B, D, F, and H directions can be raised, but the foliage in the C and G directions Almost impossible to cause. Accordingly, by operating both pulling mechanisms 1A and 1B, the foliage that has fallen in any of A to H can be lifted.
[0011]
In the configuration of claim 2, since the relative heights of both the vertical and horizontal rotation mechanisms can be adjusted, the degree of dispersion of the stems and leaves is different in the horizontal direction and the front-rear direction. Even if there is a difference, the action point can be adjusted accordingly and the point of action can be adjusted.
[0012]
In the structure of claim 3, since the protrusion of the vertical rotation type raising mechanism is made of synthetic resin, the surface of the surface can be prevented from slipping with a low coefficient of friction while obtaining strength and rigidity that can withstand rush movement into the foliage group. Due to the goodness, the stems and leaves can be raised and act smoothly without being tangled or torn off. And since the projections of the lateral rotation type raising mechanism are made of an elastic material, even if it collides with the foliage over a wide area on the side of the projection, the projections are elastically deformed so that the foliage is not damaged, A good pulling action can be exhibited with a high coefficient of friction.
[0013]
In the configuration of claim 4, since the protrusions of the vertical and horizontal rotation mechanisms are made of an elastic material, the elastic deformation of the protrusions may damage the foliage or damage the root vegetable body. This makes it possible to satisfactorily raise the foliage scattered in the front, rear, left and right.
[0014]
In the structure of claim 5, since the lower part of the pair of left and right laterally raising mechanism is close to each other and the upper part is separated, the good effect of raising the foliage by the left and right protrusions is obtained in the lower part. At the same time, the root vegetables and the foliage can be smoothly slipped through the upper part of the raising portion where the root vegetables are transferred to a subsequent process such as a transport device without being caught by the wide left and right intervals.
[0015]
〔effect〕
In the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1, (i) a pretreatment device that can be raised without leaving any leaves extending in any direction and that has less adverse effects of missed stems and leaves and contributes to better root vegetable extraction, It was realized in a state that can be adapted to the types and varieties of root vegetables.
[0016]
In the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 2, in addition to the above-mentioned effect (i), it was possible to provide a pretreatment device that can be adapted depending on the type of farm field, root vegetable, and variety.
[0017]
In addition to the above-mentioned effect (i), the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 3 can be a pretreatment device capable of exerting a good raising function in a state where there is little entanglement of the foliage.
[0018]
In the root vegetable harvesting machine according to the fourth aspect, in addition to the above-mentioned effect (i), a pretreatment device capable of exerting a good raising function without damaging the root vegetable main body was achieved.
[0019]
In addition to the above-mentioned effect (I), the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 5 can be a pretreatment device that can be successfully transferred to the subsequent process without disturbing the conveyance of root vegetables.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 3 show a radish harvesting machine, in which A is a pulling harvesting section, B is a collection section, and C is a traveling section. The traveling unit C includes a body 9 including a pair of left and right crawler traveling devices 8, a control tower 10, a driving seat 11, a driving unit 12 such as an engine, a mission 13, a work table 14, and the like.
[0021]
The drawing harvesting part A is a pulling device 1 for raising the radish stems and leaves in the ground, a soil cutting blade 2 for making a cut in the ground on the side of the root vegetables, a drawing device 3 for grasping the stems and leaves and pulling the root vegetables from the ground. A rear transport device 4 for sending the extracted root vegetables rearward and upward, a positioning transport device 5 for re-feeding the stems and leaves, a cutting device 6 for cutting the foliage, a foliage transport device h for transporting the cut foliage out of the machine, etc. It is configured to be mounted on the drawing frame F.
The collection unit B includes a horizontal conveying device 7 that receives and horizontally feeds the root vegetables from which the foliage has been cut, a plurality of radish collection containers 15 that are placed on the work table 14, and the like.
[0022]
The general harvesting action of this radish harvester is described. The device 1 is raised as the machine body 9 is moved up to bring up the foliage, and the earth cutting blade 2 forms a cut on the ground side of the radish. And make it easy to pull out. In this state, the extraction device 3 holds the foliage and pulls it obliquely upward, and the rear conveying device 4 conveys the radish rearward and upward in a suspended posture with the foliage pinched, and the alignment conveying device 5 from the middle. The roots (upper surface) of the root vegetables are pulled up by bringing the stems and leaves into contact with the conveying device 5. In the aligned state, the cutting device 6 cuts off the foliage and still conveys it backward, and the lower part of the root vegetable comes into contact with the rotating roller 57 to be in a lying posture, and is delivered to the horizontal conveying device 7. The root vegetables that are carried are collected in the container 15 one after another by workers on the work table 14. Next, the structure of each part will be described in detail.
[0023]
[About the withdrawal harvesting part A]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the pulling device 1 winds a chain 17 with a plurality of undulating locking claws (protrusions) 16 around upper and lower sprockets 18 and 19 each having an axis P in the left-right direction. A pair of left and right vertical pulling mechanisms 1A, 1A formed by rotating and a rubber belt (an example of an endless rotating band) 21 integrally formed with a plurality of protrusions 20 are provided on upper and lower wheels each having an axial center Q. It comprises a pair of left and right lateral pulling mechanisms 1B and 1B which are wound around bodies 22 and 23. In each pulling mechanism 1A, 1B, the upper sprocket 18 and pulley 22 are both configured on the drive side.
[0024]
In the vertical rotation type pulling mechanism 1A, it protrudes only when the plastic locking claw 16 is positioned on the front side, and is stored in a posture along the chain 17 at other positions and fits in the vertical casing 1a. Structurally, it is a well-known technique in combine and the like. Moreover, the weeding tool 24 which protrudes ahead is equipped in the lower part of the vertical casing 1a. The lateral casing 1b that supports the lateral rotation type raising mechanism 1B is integrated with the raising frame 1f, and the vertical rotation type raising mechanism 1A is attached to the raising frame 1f so as to be vertically adjustable within a predetermined range. It has been.
[0025]
In other words, a height adjusting bolt 26 that is raised from the bottom and comes into contact with the frame 1f is provided on the top of a U-shaped stay 25 that is erected from the top of the vertical casing 1a, and a lock bolt 27 is provided on the side of the stay. A lock bolt 28 that can slide up and down is also provided at the bottom of the vertical casing 1a. In other words, the height adjustment bolt 26 is operated to determine the relative height position between the vertically rotating mechanism 1A and the horizontally rotating mechanism 1B, and then the upper and lower lock bolts 27 and 28 are tightened to be relatively fixed. To do.
[0026]
Further, the pulling device 1 as a whole can be vertically adjusted with respect to the pulling frame F within a predetermined range. As shown in FIG. 4, a parallel link mechanism configured by connecting the raising frame 1 f and the pulling frame F by a pair of upper and lower links 29 and 30 and a vertical adjustment mechanism 32 including a crank handle 31 are provided. is there. A pivot rod 33 pivotally supported on the pull-out frame F side and a fixed cylinder 34 pivotally supported on the pull-up frame 1 f side are screwed together. The relative height of the device 1 can be adjusted by a manual rotation operation.
[0027]
As shown in FIG. 11, the horizontal rotation type raising mechanism 1 </ b> B is relatively disposed such that the left and right protrusions 20, 20 (left and right rubber belts 21, 21) have a wider left-right distance. That is, the left and right protrusions 20 and 20 are slightly overlapped at the lower end portion, and the left and right protrusions 20 and 20 are inclined to the left and right at the upper end portion. , 20 so that it can easily escape.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the earth cutting blade 2 is mounted at the tip of a cutting blade frame 38 that can swing up and down at the second fulcrum Y at the front of the machine body 9 so as to vibrate in the front-rear direction. Yes. That is, the support member 2a for supporting the earth cutting blade 2 is pivotally supported at the tip of the cutting blade frame 38 at the third fulcrum Z, and the hydraulic motor 39 attached to the cutting blade frame 38 and the rear end portion of the support member 2a are linked. 40 is interlockingly connected. The link 40 is fitted to the motor shaft by an eccentric cam structure having an eccentric cam 41, and the earth cutting blade 2 vibrates little by little with the rotation of the hydraulic motor 39, and promotes the formation of cuts in the ground. It is.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 9, the drawing device 3 is configured by arranging a pair of left and right elastic belts 42 and 42 so as to face each other in a backward-tilt posture, and sandwiching the foliage and transporting the root vegetables diagonally upward Then, it is transported rearward and upward in a hanging posture with its foliage pinched. That is, the front part of the pair of elastic belts 42, 42 constitutes the drawing device 3, and the rear part constitutes the rear conveying device 4. As the material of the elastic belt 42, rubber, sponge or the like can be considered.
[0030]
The elastic belt 42 includes a large number of intermediate ring bodies 45 in addition to the front and rear ring bodies 43, 44, and the right and left intermediate ring bodies 45 are separated by the respective urging mechanisms 46 formed by winding springs and swing arms. So that the clamping force by the elastic belts 42 and 42 can be applied to a part of the belt 42 in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, even if there is a change in the volume of the foliage, a reliable pulling-out action and a backward transfer function can be obtained. In addition, a stem and leaf scraping rotary body 47 is mounted on the shaft of each front wheel body 43.
The urging force of the urging mechanism 46 is set to be strong so that the radish is pulled out from the ground at the front part of the elastic belt 42, but the rear part is relatively weak enough to withstand hanging conveyance. Is set.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 10, the alignment transport device 5 includes a lower transport mechanism 5 </ b> A and an upper transport mechanism 5 </ b> B, and transports the radish sent from the rear transport device 4 to a state suitable for the cutting device 6. Is. The lower transport mechanism 5A is formed by winding an elastic belt 51 around the front and rear wheels 48 and 49 and a plurality of intermediate ring bodies 50, and is configured by arranging a pair of left and right sides facing each other. The front wheel 48 and the intermediate wheel body 50 are pressed and biased in a direction in which the left and right ones approach each other by a biasing mechanism 52 including a winding spring and a swing arm. This urging force is weak at the front part of the alignment transport device 5, and allows the foliage to slip through the upward transport direction component by the rear transport device 4.
[0032]
In other words, the clamping force of the lower transport mechanism 5A is made weaker than the clamping force of the rear transport device 4, and the angle difference θ between the lower transport mechanism 5A and the rear transport device 4 is provided (see FIG. 1). The radishes transferred by the aligning and conveying device 5 are aligned in a posture in which the main body contacts the elastic belt 51 of the lower conveying mechanism 5A. In order to change the radish from the suspended posture to the recumbent posture, the lower transport mechanism 5 </ b> A is extended backward to a position located above the lateral transport device 7.
[0033]
The upper transport mechanism 5B is also configured by arranging a pair of left and right facings formed by winding a belt 55 around the front and rear ring bodies 53, 54, and relatively upper portions of the radish stems and leaves from the rear transport device 4 are arranged. It is sandwiched and transported. The cutting device 6 includes a cutter blade 56 that rotates about a vertical axis W, and is disposed between the upper and lower sides of the lower transport mechanism 5A and the upper transport mechanism 5B and between the front and rear. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, the foliage is cut with the root vegetable body in contact with the elastic belt 51 and with the top and bottom of the foliage firmly held.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 13, the lateral conveying device 7 is composed of a rotating roller 57 having an elastic ring such as a sponge on its outer periphery, and a belt conveyor 58 that feeds the radish left and right with a belt, a number of driving rollers, and the like. Is also supported by the extraction frame F. In other words, the lower part of the radish carried by the lower transport mechanism 5A is changed from the suspended posture to the rearward tilted posture when the lower portion hits the rotating roller 57, and then the nipping of the lower transport mechanism 5A is eliminated. At the beginning, the stem and leaves are changed to a recumbent posture facing backward. Then, the auxiliary worker sequentially collects the radishes in the container 15 on the work table 14 while the radish in the lying position is laterally fed from the left side of the machine body to the right side by the belt conveyor 58.
[0035]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lift arm 59 driven by a hydraulic lifting cylinder 61 and the extraction frame F are connected to each other via a connection link 60, and the extraction frame F and the cutting blade frame 38 are connected to each other. Interlocking connection is made via a turnbuckle 62. The distance between the connecting point R2 between the cutting blade frame 38 below the turnbuckle 62 and the second swinging fulcrum Y is larger than the distance between the connecting point R1 between the pulling frame F above the turnbuckle 62 and the first swinging fulcrum X. Is sufficiently short, the unequal side link mechanism is configured such that the amount of elevation of the cutting blade frame 38 is significantly greater than the amount of elevation of the extraction frame F. Accordingly, when the elevating cylinder 61 is driven to extend from the working posture in which the earth cutting blade 2 is located deep in the soil (see FIG. 1) and the extraction frame F is raised, the cutting edge frame 38 is further raised, The lower edge of the cutting blade 2 is configured to be in a non-acting posture (see FIG. 2) sufficiently floating on the ground.
[0036]
The transmission system is schematically described. Engine power is input to the transmission 13 and transmitted to the crawler travel device 8, and the counter pulley 35, the first transmission shaft 36, and the second transmission shaft 37 of the first swing fulcrum X are transmitted from the input shaft 13 a. Is transmitted to the drawing harvesting part A via From the second transmission shaft 37, it is transmitted to the drive shaft 64 for the vertical rotation type pulling mechanism 1A and the drive shafts 65, 65 for the horizontal rotation type pulling mechanism 1B via the distribution interlocking mechanism 63, and It is transmitted to the rear wheel body 44 of the drawing device 3 via the interlocking chain 80. The upper and lower intermediate shafts 81 driven by the interlocking chain 80 and the ring body 49 on the rear side of the lower transport mechanism 5A are interlocked via the first, second, and third chains 82, 83, and 84 at three locations. In addition, the upper transport mechanism 5B and the foliage transport device h are driven by the common shaft 85 of the second and third chains 83 and 84, and the cutter shaft 56a of the cutting device 6 is driven by the left first chain 82. . The cutter blade 56 may be arranged on the right side and driven by the first chain 82 on the right side.
[0037]
[Another embodiment]
The vertical and horizontal turning type raising mechanisms 1A and 1B may be configured to rotate around one axis instead of an endless rotation belt such as a chain or a belt. Further, the horizontal turning type raising mechanism 1B may be arranged in front of the vertical turning type raising mechanism 1A to constitute the raising device 1.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] Side view of a radish harvester [Fig. 2] Side view of a radish harvester with the pulling harvesting part floating above the ground [Fig. 3] Plan view of the radish harvester [Fig. 4] The structure of the pulling device Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the structure of the pulling device. Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the vertical adjustment structure of the vertical pulling mechanism. Fig. 7 is a side view showing the driving structure of the earth cutting blade. 8] Front view showing the earth cutting blade [Fig. 9] Plan view showing the drawing device and the rear conveying device [Fig. 10] Plan view showing the structure of the alignment conveying device [Fig. 11] Fig. 11 showing the structure of the horizontal turning type drawing mechanism. Rear view [Fig. 12] Front view showing the cutting state of the foliage [Fig. 13] Diagram showing the action of the radish from the suspended posture to the lying posture [Fig. 14] Plan view showing the action of the pulling device [Fig. 15] Model diagram showing spread 【Explanation of symbols】
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1A Vertical rotation type raising mechanism 1B Horizontal rotation type conveyance mechanism 3 Pull-out device 16 Protrusion 20 Protrusion 21 Endless rotation belt 22 Upper ring body 23 Lower ring body P Left and right axis F Front and rear axis

Claims (5)

It is a pretreatment device for a root vegetable harvesting machine equipped with a pulling frame for pulling out a root vegetable planted in a farm field by pinching its stems and leaves,
Rotating and moving multiple protrusions around the axis in the left-right direction to cause the root vegetable stems and leaves in the ground to rotate, and rotating the protrusions around the axis in the front-rear direction And a pulling mechanism comprising a horizontal pulling mechanism that raises the roots and leaves of the root vegetables, and a link mechanism that connects the pulling apparatus to the pulling frame so as to be movable up and down, and the pulling apparatus is pulled out. A pre-treatment device for a root crop harvesting machine having a vertical adjustment mechanism for adjusting the vertical movement relative to the frame . The pretreatment device for a root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the vertical height and the horizontal rotation type of both raising mechanisms are adjustable. The pretreatment device for a root crop harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the projections of the vertical rotation type raising mechanism are made of synthetic resin, and the projections of the horizontal rotation type raising mechanism are made of an elastic material. The pretreatment device for a root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the protrusions of both the raising mechanisms is made of an elastic material. A plurality of endless rotating belts with protrusions are wound around a pair of upper and lower rings to form the laterally-rotating pulling mechanism. The pretreatment device for a root vegetable harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the right and left intervals of the chopping mechanism are relatively arranged so as to increase upward.

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