JP3759088B2 - Legume harvesting machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bean harvester for harvesting beans such as green soybeans.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The bean harvesting machine is configured so that the crops planted in the field are sandwiched between the left and right chains and transported backward and upward to pull out and transport the crops, and the roots are cut off during the transport (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-56-169515 [0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In legumes such as green soybeans, since the vertical length of the stem portion that stands near the ground surface and rises from the ground is relatively short, it is originally difficult to pinch only the stem portion with a pair of conveyor belts that are inclined upward and inclined. Tend. In other words, legumes have stems that diverge and grow from the root to the vicinity of the root, and the portion of the stem that has no wrinkles as a grip allowance is relatively short, and when grown, the root may rise with soil. For this reason, the grip by the pair of conveyor belts is short. Therefore, in order to start the pinching action by the pair of conveyor belts as much as possible from the root of the stem as much as possible, the fact that the short stem is pinched accurately by running the tip of the pull-out part close to the ground grazing is the actual situation. is there.
[0005]
However, there are many uneven parts such as undulations and unevenness, and the aircraft tends to tilt forward and backward (pitching) during work travel, so even if the aircraft slightly tilts up and down, the movement projects forward. It will be amplified at the tip of the conveying belt pair. In other words, since the tip of the extraction part moves up and down sensitively, in reality it is difficult to keep gripping only the stem part, and it often happens that the heel is pinched or the soil and the root part are pinched. There was still room for improvement in terms of pinching the bean stalks by the pair of conveyor belts.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a bean harvesting machine in which the pulling state with a stem held during a harvesting operation is further improved by reexamining the structure of the pulling part.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[Configuration of Claim 1]
In the bean harvester, the configuration of claim 1 is a planting machine for pulling out a crop with its roots by holding the vicinity of the root part of the crop planted in the field between the left and right transport belts and transporting it upward and rearward. Soil removal means that exposes the root of the crop by removing the soil at the base of the crop prior to the start of the extraction action of the extraction portion, and a soil breaker that breaks down the soil below the crop planted in the field And the unraveling action by the soil unraveling body is configured to be performed at a position deeper than the soil removal action position by the soil removal means .
[0008]
[Operation and effect of the structure of claim 1]
According to the configuration of claim 1, since the soil at the root of the crop planted in the field is removed prior to the start of the extraction action of the extraction portion, the soil removal means for exposing the crop root is provided. Thus, the soil at the base of the crop is removed so that the stem portion becomes substantially long, and the vicinity of the crop root by the transport belt can be held. Therefore, even if the machine body is pitched to some extent, it is possible to avoid as much as possible that the leading end of the conveyor belt plunges into the soil or pinches the cage.
[0009]
And since the soil breaker breaks the soil at a position deeper than the soil removal action position by the soil removal means, the soil at the root part of the crop is removed from below compared to the case where only the soil removal means is provided. Since it can be softly unraveled, the soil removal action functions more effectively, increasing the exposure of the crop root, and the softening of the field reduces the pull-out load of the crop. It will be less, or the crop will be pulled out of the field well without shredding.
[0010]
As a result, a new soil removal means that removes the soil at the base of the crops planted in the bean field can increase the gripping cost of the root of the crop without difficulty, and the tip of the conveyor belt penetrates into the soil. Providing a bean harvester that has the advantages of avoiding inconveniences such as transporting soil or transporting it between straws as much as possible, collecting crops efficiently, and improving the quality of harvested crops I was able to.
[0011]
And, by the scouring action of the scouring body that operates at a position deeper than the soil removal means, it is possible to obtain a bean harvester that has the advantage of being able to harvest crops with good quality or harvesting work with excellent mechanical efficiency. I was able to.
[0012]
[Configuration of Claim 2]
The structure of claim 2 is the structure of claim 1, wherein the soil removing means is a soil breaking body that is movable in the front-rear direction, and the soil removing body in the left-right direction of the crop planted in the field. It comprises a drive mechanism that moves back and forth at a position in the vicinity.
[0013]
[Operations and effects of the configuration of claim 2]
According to the structure of Claim 2, the said effect | action and effect by the structure of Claim 1 are implement | achieved by the comparatively simple structure of providing the earth-moving soil removing body and the drive mechanism which moves this back and forth. There are advantages that can be made.
[0014]
[Configuration of Claim 3 ]
The configuration of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the configuration of claim 1, the soil removal means is constituted by a pressing roller that presses the soil in the vicinity in the left-right direction at the root of the crop planted in the field. To do.
[0015]
[Operations and effects of the configuration of claim 3 ]
According to the structure of Claim 3 , since the soil removal means is comprised with the press roller which presses the soil of the nearby position downward in the left-right direction in the root of the crop currently planted in the field, It is effective when the film sheet is covered and soil cannot be removed, and the length of the stem part of the crop can be substantially increased by pressing down and pushing down the field surface. .
[0016]
As a result, even if the soil at the base portion of the crop cannot be removed, the gripping allowance by the conveying belt can be increased by the pressing roller, and the operation and effect equivalent to the operation effect by the configuration of claim 1 It was possible to provide a bean harvesting machine that can achieve the above.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a green soybean harvester will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, this green soybean harvester is configured to extract and harvest one row of green soybeans (crop) W cultivated in straw U with its roots. The airframe A is equipped with a single-drilling harvesting section B, and a driving section C having a loop-shaped steering handle 1 is arranged to be shifted to the right side of the rear of the airframe.
[0018]
The traveling machine body A is provided with a pair of left and right rear drive wheels 2 straddling the kite U and one front idler wheel 3 that moves on the right kite bottom. From the engine 4 mounted on the front part of the driving unit C, Is transmitted to the left and right drive wheels 2 via the chain case 6 after being shifted in the transmission 5. The idler wheel 3 that functions as a gauge wheel that determines the ground height of the harvesting part B is configured such that the height position with respect to the traveling machine body A can be adjusted up and down by rotating the hand handle 7.
[0019]
In the harvesting part B, a pulling and conveying unit (an example of a pulling unit) 10 that pulls out a single piece of green soybean W together with the roots and conveys it to the upper rear, an earthmoving device 50 that acts on the roots of the green soybean W to be pulled and conveyed, A transporting unit 60 for transporting the transported green soybeans W rearward and sending out from the transport outlet E, a recovery table 70 for receiving and collecting the green soybeans W transmitted from the transport outlet E (see FIG. 5) in a lying position. The detailed structure of each part will be described below.
[0020]
[Drawing and conveying section 10]
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6, the pulling and conveying unit 10 pulls out the green soybeans W together with the roots by holding the roots of the green soybeans W planted in the field from the left and right sides and conveying them backward and upward. The apparatus 11 is disposed, and an upper part of the pulling / clamping / conveying device 11 is provided with a latch pulling / conveying device 12 that latches and conveys the green beans W rearward and upward, and a pair of left and right vertical pulling devices 23.
[0022]
The pulling / clamping / conveying device 11 pulls and conveys green soybeans W sandwiched between both the sandwiching belts (an example of a transporting belt) 13 by driving a pair of left and right sandwiching belts 13 to rotate inwardly. As shown in FIG. 7, each conveyor belt 13 is formed by connecting a sponge-like wide elastic belt portion 13b to the outer peripheral surface of the V-belt portion 13a. A guide rail 14 made of a round pipe located above and below the V-belt portion 13a is disposed on the back of the conveyance path.
[0023]
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the upper and lower guide rails 14 are welded and fixed to a common metal fitting 15 at two locations in the longitudinal direction of the rail, and the front and rear metal fittings 15 are supported on the transport frame 16 by a fulcrum a, b is pivotally connected to the free ends of a pair of front and rear arms 17 swingably mounted around the four guide rails 14 so that the four guide rails 14 are integrally moved in parallel and laterally, and the arms 17 are formed by springs (not shown). By oscillating and energizing, the clamping belt 13 is elastically pressed from the back to the radial side, and elastically pressed to the radial side while preventing the clamping belt 13 from moving up and down. It is comprised so that the pinching force which overcomes pull-out resistance may be demonstrated.
[0024]
The retreat limit of each arm 17 is regulated by contact with the stopper pin 18. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, in the return side path of each clamping belt 13, the tension roller 20 oscillated and biased by the spring 19 presses and an appropriate tension force is applied to the clamping belt 13. Yes.
[0025]
On the upper part of the front pulley 21 around which each of the clamping belts 13 is wound, a star-shaped scraping rotating body 22 made of a rubber plate is attached to the front pulley 21 so as to be rotatable integrally with the front pulley 21. It is configured to introduce the green soybean W into the clamping start portion of the belt 13 without leaking.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 10, the latch pulling and conveying device 12 disposed above the pulling and holding and conveying device 11 is configured by winding and tensioning a belt 35 with a claw integrally formed with a locking claw 34. The pulling / carrying / conveying device 11 is disposed in a forward and downward inclined posture that is steeper than the pulling / clamping / conveying device 11 in a lateral view above the laterally outer side of the drawing / conveying path in the pulling / nipping / conveying device 11. It extends forward from the front end of the drawing / clamping / conveying device 11. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the front portion of the locking pull-up conveying device 12 is configured so as to be swingable and fixed to the left and right around the fulcrum d. It is comprised so that the space | interval of the front-end part of the latching raising conveyance apparatus 12 can be adjusted.
[0027]
The vertical pulling device 23 is composed of a conveyor belt 27 with a locking claw 24 accommodated in a pulling case 26, and is arranged on the lateral outer side of each locking pulling conveying device 12. An upper ring body (not shown) of a pair of upper and lower ring bodies around which the conveyor belt 27 is wound is connected to a pipe connection frame 28 for connecting the respective elevating cases 26, 26, and a left elevating case 26, A transmission shaft (not shown) is connected in transmission to a connecting pipe 32 that connects a branch transmission case 31 having an eccentric crank portion 55 to be described later. Has been.
[0028]
At the front end of the lower end of each raising case 26, a weeding tool 33 having a pointed front end and a substantially triangular shape in a side view is integrally provided at a low position very close to the surface of the ridge U. Due to the presence of the weeding tool 33, the foliage and beans hanging on the ground can be scooped up and smoothly pulled up and passed to the device 23.
[0029]
[Earth drop device 50]
[0030]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the earthmoving device 50 is disposed below the rear portion of the drawing nipping and conveying device 11, and the earthmoving tool 51 located on the left and right of the root passing path of the green soybean W that has been drawn and conveyed. Is reciprocated back and forth to impart a loosening action and vibration to the root Wn, and drop the soil attached.
[0031]
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the earthmoving tool 51 is formed by bending a bar material into a corrugated shape, and a pair of left and right support columns erected from a swinging support shaft 52 horizontally mounted on the harvesting part frame 25. Two pieces of upper and lower earth-moving tools 51 are attached to the material 53 so as to face each other. A push-pull rod 56 is pin-connected to an eccentric crank portion 55 supported by a branch transmission case 31 mounted on the front side of the transmission case 5, and a push-pull rod 56 extended forward is described later. The movement of the interlocking rod 58 interlocked and connected via the pretreatment device H is transmitted to the earthmoving tool 51.
[0032]
That is, the rear end side of the interlocking rod 58 is pivotally connected to the distal end side of the driven arm 57 attached to the left end of the swing support shaft 52, and accordingly, the swing support shaft is rotated by the rotation of the eccentric crank portion 55. The four earthmoving tools 51 can be reciprocated back and forth around the shaft 52 so that the soil adhering to the root Wn of the green soybeans W can be loosened and removed efficiently.
[0033]
[Recovery transport unit 60]
[0034]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the collection conveyance unit 60 conveys the green beans W drawn and conveyed by the left and right drawing nipping / conveying devices 11 backward and sends them to a collection table 70 described later. The lower holding and conveying device 61 on the lower side and the upper locking and conveying device 62 on the upper side are configured.
[0035]
The lower clamping / conveying device 61 includes a resin-made chain 63 with a protrusion and a clamping rail 64 facing the chain 63. The lower clamping / conveying device 61 is arranged in parallel to the pulling / clamping / conveying device 11 in a side view from the lower end of the pulling / clamping / conveying device 11. ing. The upper locking conveyance device 62 includes a claw belt 66 integrally formed with a locking claw 65 and a conveyance guide 67 provided along the movement path of the claw tip. It is arranged in parallel with the locking pull-up / carrying device 11 in a side view from directly above.
[0036]
A pair of front and rear guide rods 68 and 69 are provided at the end of the transfer outlet E located at the end of the collection transfer section 60, and the front end portion is suspended downward. W is guided by these guide rods 68 and 69, and the root portion Wn is released in a sideways posture toward the operation portion C side.
[0037]
[Recovery stand 70]
[0038]
The collection table 70 is for receiving and collecting the green soybeans W released from the conveyance outlet E of the collection conveyance unit 60 as described above in a sideways posture, and is arranged so as to go below the collection conveyance unit 60. The front half 70a is inclined to a forwardly rising posture to prevent the collected green soybeans W from spilling forward, and the rear half 70b on which the green soybeans W are placed is configured to be substantially horizontal.
[0039]
When an appropriate amount of green beans W are collected on the collection table 70, the driver or an auxiliary worker collects the green beans W on the collection table 70 and leaves them on the ground. In this case, since the front half part 70a of the collection table 70 is inclined forward and inclined, it is easy to collect the green soybeans W on the collection table 70 from the front to the rear, and the rear part 70b is substantially horizontal. Therefore, the scraped green soybeans W can be released to the ground by simply scraping them without lifting them. Further, although not shown, the collection base 70 is configured such that the left end side portion thereof is slidable in the left and right directions, and can be stored narrowly and shortened when work is not performed.
[0040]
[Pretreatment device H]
[0041]
As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, the pretreatment device H removes the soil at the base of the green soybean W planted in the field before the start of the extraction operation of the extraction conveyance unit 10 to remove the green soybean root Wn. The soil removal means 8 that exposes the soil, and the soil breaking mechanism 9 that breaks and breaks the soil below the green soybeans W planted in the field.
[0042]
The earth removal means 8 is a first soiler (an example of an earth removal body) 29, 30 that can swing and move in the front-rear direction at a fulcrum p1 that faces left and right, and the first soiler 29, 30 as an agricultural field. The driving mechanism 36 is configured to swing back and forth back and forth at a position near the planted green soybean W in the left-right direction. The left and right first soilers 29, 30 are L-shaped (or reverse) when viewed in the front-rear direction, which includes vertical plate portions 29a, 30a that are vertically oriented and horizontal plate portions 29b, 30b that are directed to the left and right sides on the side away from the green beans W. The upper and lower intermediate portions of the vertical plate portions 29a and 30a are pivotally supported by the harvesting portion frame 25 at a fulcrum p1.
[0043]
The drive mechanism 36 formed in the eccentric crank portion 55 is a push-pull rod that interlocks and connects an eccentric rotator 38 provided on a rotary shaft 37 driven and rotated by the engine 4 and the upper end portion of the left first soiler 29. 56 is provided. The eccentric rotator 38 includes an inner eccentric cylinder 38a that is externally fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 37, and an outer cylinder 38b that is externally fitted so as to be relatively rotatable. A push-pull rod 56 is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder 38b. ing. As a result, when the rotary shaft 37 rotates, the outer cylinder 38b moves circularly in a side view, thereby moving the push-pull rod 56 back and forth.
[0044]
The soil release mechanism 9 includes left and right second soilers (an example of a soil breaker) 45 and 46 pivotally supported by the harvesting part frame 25 at the left and right fulcrum p2 on the rear side of the first soilers 29 and 30. It is comprised with the drive mechanism 40 which carries out drive rocking | fluctuation movement of the 2nd soilers 45 and 46 back and forth. Each of the second soilers 45 and 46 is L-shaped (or reverse) when viewed in the front-rear direction composed of vertical plate portions 45a and 46a that are vertically oriented and horizontal plate portions 45b and 46b that are directed inward so as to wrap around the green beans W. L-shaped).
[0045]
The drive mechanism 40 is configured by interlockingly connecting the second solubilizers 45, 46 and the first soilers 29, 30 via relay rods 47, and the first and second soilers 29, 30, 45, 46 are interlocked with the state of swinging in the same direction. That is, the unwinding action by the second soilers 45 and 46 is configured to be performed at a position deeper than the soil removal action position by the earth removal means 8. In addition, you may interlock-connect so that the 1st soiler 29 and the 2nd soiler 45 may rock | fluctuate in the mutually opposite direction.
[0046]
The power transmission to the first and second right and second right and second soliters 30 and 46 is performed between the drive arm 39 attached to the right end of the swing support shaft 52 of the earthmoving tool 51 and the upper end of the second right soiler 46. Although it is performed by interlocking connection with the interlocking rod 54 (see FIG. 11), it is not limited to such a transmission means.
[0047]
The green soybean harvester according to the present invention is configured as described above, and by traveling forward across the ridge U, the planted green soybeans (crop) W are collected without fail and pulled out with their roots. The root part Wn is dropped while being transported rearward and upward, joined to one side of the fuselage (in this example, the left side), laid down and collected, and appropriate amounts can be collected and left on the ground. It is.
[0048]
[Another embodiment]
As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the harvesting unit frame 25 includes a pair of left and right pressing rollers 59 and 59 that press the soil removing means 8 downward in the left and right direction at the root of the green soybean W planted in the field. You may comprise by what is pivotally supported. For example, the support body 41 that supports the pressing roller 59 is pivotally connected to the harvesting portion frame 25 so as to be pressed and oscillated downward at the left and right supporting point p3.
[0049]
The earth discharging means 8 by the pressing roller 59 is suitable when the film sheet F is laid on the ridge U by multi-operation, and the root portion is pressed without breaking the film sheet F by pushing down the earth together with the film sheet F. It is possible to expose Wn, thereby obtaining an operational effect that it is possible to substantially increase the stalk grasping margin by the drawing / clamping / conveying device 11.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] Whole side view of green soybean harvester [Fig. 2] Overall plan view showing the main part of the front of the green soybean harvester [Fig. 3] Front view showing the structure of the soil removal means [Fig. 4] Earth removal means and soil Fig. 5 is an enlarged side view of the main part showing the transmission structure of the dropping tool. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the main part showing the functions of the pulling conveyance unit and the collecting conveyance unit. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the drawing nipping and conveying device. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a belt tensioning structure of the pulling / clamping / conveying device. FIG. 9 is a front view of the main part showing the soil removal action by the soil removal means. FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the structure of the earthmoving tool. FIG. 12 is a front view showing the working state of the earth removing device. FIG. Plan view of main part showing means [FIG. 14] Earth pushing down by pressing roller Front view illustrating a use state EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 Earth removal means 10 Pull-out part 13 Conveyor belt 29,30 Earth removal body 36 Drive mechanism 45,46 Demolition body 59 Press roller W Crop Wn Crop root part

Claims (3)

The pulling part for pulling out the crop with the roots by holding the vicinity of the root part of the crop planted in the field by the left and right transport belts and transporting it backward and upward, and the soil at the base of the crop planted in the field Prior to the start of the drawing operation, a soil removing means for exposing the root of the crop to be exposed and a soil breaker for breaking the soil below the crops planted in the field are provided. A bean harvester configured such that the action is performed at a position deeper than the position of the soil removal action by the soil removal means .   The soil removal means is composed of a soil breaking body that is movable in the front-rear direction, and a drive mechanism that reciprocates the soil removal body in the vicinity in the left-right direction of the crop planted in the field. The bean harvester according to claim 1. 2. The bean harvester according to claim 1, wherein the soil removing means is configured by a pressing roller that presses the soil at a nearby position downward in the left-right direction at the base of the crop planted in the field.

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