JPH0613A - Harvester for root vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the mechanized root vegetable harvester used for reducing a heavy labor that is an artificial root vegetable-harvesting work in which a worker pulls out the root vegetables from a field in his bent posture. CONSTITUTION:The carrot harvester equipped with a digger 1 for digging the carrots in the ground, with a carrot-lifting and carrying device 2, with a leaf cutter 3, and with a carrot-aligning and carrying device 4 for aligning the carrots in a prescribed posture suitable for the leaf-cutting process using the leaf cutter 3 is characterized by disposing four sensors 23 for contacting with the carried carrots in the guide mechanism 12 to detect whether the shape of each carrot is a shape within a prescribed shape range or not, disposing a rotary blade 24 for cutting down the leaves of the carried carrots in the guide mechanism 12, and further disposing a controller 28 for operating and linking the sensors 23 to a solenoid 27 for transferring the rotary blade 24 so that an abnormally shaped carrot is cut down with the rotary blade 24 when the information of the abnormal shape detection is outputted by the contact of the contact elements 23a of the sensors 23 with the carried abnormally shaped carrot.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for mechanizing a series of harvesting operations from rooting vegetables such as carrots and radish to cutting off leaves.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, root crops have been harvested manually by manually pulling out the root crops buried in the field one by one and then cutting off the leaves with a knife.

[0003]

The artificial harvesting work of root vegetables requires the work of extracting the root vegetables from the ground and the leaf cutting work of cutting the leaves of the extracted root vegetables from the root. Since continuous operation requires considerable labor, realization of a mechanized root vegetable harvester has been desired. This is a serious problem in large-scale fields. An object of the present invention is to realize and provide a mechanized root vegetable harvesting machine, thereby facilitating the labor for harvesting.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a digging device for extracting the root vegetables in the ground to the ground, and a lifting device for transporting the root vegetables sent from the digging device onto a traveling machine body. A transport device, a leaf cutting device that cuts off the leaves of root vegetables, and a root cutting device that is sent from a lifting transport device are transferred to the leaf cutting device while aligning them in a predetermined posture suitable for the leaf cutting process. With an aligning and conveying device,
Variant detection means that acts on the root vegetables conveyed by this aligning and conveying device to detect whether or not the shape of the conveyed root vegetables is within a preset predetermined range, and the convey and root vegetables conveyed by the aligning and conveying device are aligned and conveyed. Equipped with an excluding means for retracting and moving out of the device, when the variant detecting means detects a variant root vegetable having a shape outside the predetermined range and outputs variant detection information, the variant root vegetable is retracted by the eliminating means. It is characterized in that a root vegetable harvesting machine is configured by linking the removing means and the variant detection means.

[0005]

The root vegetable in the ground is taken out to the ground by the excavating device, and the taken-out root vegetable is carried to the start end of the carrying conveyor on the traveling machine body by the lifting carrying device. The lifted root vegetables are cut by the leaf-cutting device, but the conveyance operation by the aligning and conveying device aligns the root vegetables to a posture suitable for the leaf-cutting operation by the leaf-cutting device, and good leaf-cutting is achieved. The state will be obtained. And
By the linked operation of the irregularity detection means and the elimination means in the part of the aligning and conveying device, the root vegetables other than the set predetermined shape are excluded to the outside of the device before reaching the leaf cutting device. The power loss can be reduced by eliminating unnecessary leaf cutting operation. By the way, it is possible to raise the above-mentioned sorting effect and equip it with the transportation device part, but here, the transportation posture of root vegetables tends to be disturbed, whereas the transportation posture of root vegetables is relatively adjusted in the alignment transportation device region. This is advantageous in that the sorting operation is performed as accurately as possible.

[0006]

As a result, a series of mechanics from the excavation to the leaf-cutting device can be achieved, and at the same time, the sorting action that can automatically remove the irregular root vegetables of non-regulated form at the aligning / conveying site can be achieved. It was possible to provide a large harvester that has the advantage of being able to reduce the labor of harvesting work while improving the line efficiency.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overall side view of a ginseng harvester according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a simplified plan view of the front part thereof. 0 is a pulling device for pulling up the leaves of ginseng, and 1 is in the ground. An excavating device for taking out carrots to the ground, 2 is a lifting and conveying device for conveying the carrots sent from the excavating device 1 onto the traveling body B, 3 is a leaf cutting device for cutting off the leaves of the carrots, and 4 is a conveying for lifting. The carrot is sent from the device 2 to the leaf-cutting device 3 while being aligned to a predetermined posture suitable for the leaf-cutting process by the leaf-cutting device 3, 5 is a crawler traveling device, and 6 is a steering device. Part 7 is a weeding tool. Trenching device 1
Is constituted by the front part of the sandwiching conveyor device 9 which extends in front of and behind the part immediately after the weeding tool 7 and the part of the leaf-cutting device 3, and the sandwiching conveyor device 9 is arranged to face each other in a rearwardly inclined posture. It is composed of a pair of left and right driven conveyor belts 11, 11. That is, the front end portion 1 of the conveyor belt 11
The pair of 1a constitutes the excavation device 1. The transport device 2 includes the pair of left and right transport belts 1 described above.
It is composed of front and rear intermediate portions 11b and 11b of 1, 1 and conveys excavated carrots rearward and upward. The aligning and conveying device 4 is composed of the rear half portions 11c and 11c of the pair of left and right conveying belts 11 and 11 and a guide mechanism 12 arranged below the latter, and the lower part of the carrot leaf portion is provided with the pair of guide mechanisms 12. , 12 by guiding and guiding the upper part of the leaf portion by driving the pair of conveyor belts 11 and 11, the carrot sent from the conveyor device 2, that is, the intermediate portion 11b of the conveyor belt is moved backward. It has the function of transporting to. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the guide mechanism 12 includes the bracket 1 for each chain link 13 on the outer side.
9 is provided, on the other hand, a chain 15 having a structure in which three rollers 14 that are rotatable around the horizontal axis Y are provided. The roller 14 is attached to the chain link 13 in a state in which a spring 16 can generate an outward urging force, so that the leaves of the carrot are opposed to the left and right rollers 1.
It receives the rearward transfer force, which is sandwiched by 4, 14.
Further, the rearward inclination angle of the guide mechanism 12 is set to be extremely gentle so that the vertical distance between the conveyor belt 11 and the guide mechanism 12 becomes wider toward the lower side in the conveying direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the left and right conveyor belts 11 and 11 are provided with a large number of rolling wheels 17 for pressing them toward each other to generate a leaf-holding force, and guide rollers from the front end portion. At the belt front end 11a up to a portion corresponding to the front end of the mechanism 12, the strength of the biasing spring 8 of the roller 17 is set so that a strong clamping force acts so as to reliably pull out the carrot in the ground, and The gripping force of the leaves in the intermediate portion 11b of the conveyor belt and the rear half portion 11c of the belt on the rear side is set to be weak by using the spring 10 thinner than the spring 8 in the front end portion 11a of the belt. At the rear position of the guide mechanism 12, a leaf cutting device 3 that cuts off the leaves of the carrot with a scraping type cutter that drives and rotates both the forward rotation cutter 20 and the reverse rotation cutter 21 is arranged. In order to reposition and align the cutting posture suitable for the leaf cutting process of the rotary cutter 20, a repositioning and conveying mechanism 22 is provided across the guide mechanism 12 and the rotary cutter 20. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, it is also conceivable to configure the blade cutting device 3 with a pair of rotary blades 30 provided on the drive sprocket shaft center P at the rear of the guide mechanism 12 and omit the re-holding and conveying mechanism 22.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the aligning and conveying device 4
The irregular shape detection means C for detecting whether or not the shape of the carrot carried by the contacting means is detected within the preset range, and the carrot arranged by the aligning and conveying apparatus 4 is arranged and conveyed. (4) Equipped with an excluding means D for retracting and moving out, and when the variant detecting means C detects a variant ginseng having a shape outside a predetermined range and outputs variant detection information, the variant ginseng is displaced by the excluding means D. Exclude means D
An automatic sorting device A is configured to link the irregularity detection means C with the. That is, the sensor 23 having the contacts 23a extending from the left and right from the outside on the ginseng transport path W below the guide mechanism 12 is arranged at a total of four positions in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the variant detection means C is provided.
And a swing arm 2 having a vertical axis X
Rotary blade 2 driven by an electric motor 26 provided at the tip of 5
4 is driven and oscillated so as to be movable between an acting posture in which the solenoid 27 is extended and retracted to the ginseng transport path W and an unused posture retracted from the ginseng transport path W, and the removing means D is provided.
The four sensors 23, the solenoid 27, and the electric motor 26 are connected to the control device 28, and the automatic sorting device A
become. That is, when none of the contacts 23a moves, the solenoid 27 operates the rotary blade 24 in the non-use posture, and when any one of the contacts 23a moves, the solenoid 27 operates the rotary blade 24 in the non-use posture. Control device 28
Functions, which makes it possible to detect whether or not the shape of the carrot passing between the four sensors 23 is a prescribed shape. Therefore, the shape to be eliminated can be set in advance by appropriately disposing the positions above and below and on the left and right of the tips of the four contactors 23a. In addition, 29 is an automatic sorter A
This switch turns on and off the operation of.

The main operation of the harvesting work will be described. By gripping the leaves with a strong gripping force by the belt front end 11a and lifting them upward and rearward, the carrots in the ground are pulled out, and then the belt intermediate 11b. , The latter half of the belt 1
The ginseng is transported rearward and upward by the conveying force of the alignment conveying device 4 by 1c and the guide mechanism 12, but since the inclination of the guide mechanism 12 is gentle, the upper surface of the ginseng body gradually approaches the roller 14 and the guide mechanism. At the rear part of 12, the upper surface of the carrot body comes into contact with the roller 14 to be brought into contact and conveyed. Further, at this site of the aligning and conveying device 4, for example, when a bifurcated ginseng as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 3 is conveyed, the automatic sorting device A is operated to cut the leaves and release them. As a result, only carrots having a predetermined shape are transported.
After that, due to the weak clamping force of the belt rear half portion 11b, the backward conveying force is transmitted to the carrots and the slip-down movement of the leaves is allowed to pass downward.
At the end of, carrots are always in contact and transport. And
By sandwiching the upper part of the root of the leaf portion by the lifting and carrying device, it is possible to set the leaf cutting position of the leaf cutting device 3 so as to be aligned with the position close to the root.

[Other Embodiments] In this embodiment, a part of the excavation device 1, the transfer device 2, and the alignment transfer device 4 is covered by the transfer belt 11. However, these three parts are independent from each other. But good. The guide mechanism 12 may be composed of a pair of guide rods other than the chain with rollers 15 described above, or a pair of guide members provided with a large number of rollers rotatable on the lower surface about the left and right axes, and a pair of these guide members. It is also conceivable that the leaf portion is pushed immediately above the member to be constituted by a contact type drive transfer body provided so as to generate a transfer force at the same speed as the transfer belt 12. Left and right conveyor belt 1
The carrots are configured to rotate about the vertical axis by making the speeds of 1 and 11 different from each other, and the four sensors 23 are separated from each other in the front and rear direction (due to the rotation of the carrots, the left and right sides of the carrot in the front sensor group). The sensor group on the rear side can detect the front and rear direction shape of the carrot, respectively. A total of eight sensors are provided to enable inspection of the left and right and front and rear shapes of the carrot, thereby further improving the accuracy of the variant detection means C. It would be convenient. or,
The number of the sensors 23 may be one, three, or the like on one side of the carrot transportation route W.

As shown in FIG. 9, in a carrot harvester of the type having a conveyor 31 for conveying carrots in a recumbent posture and an aligning and conveying device 4 for aligning the postures of the carrots with a rotating brush 32, in the state shown in FIG. The automatic sorting device A may be configured by the variant detecting means C provided with the sensor 23 and the excluding means D provided with the pusher 33 for pushing the carrot laterally.

It should be noted that although reference numerals are given in the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the configurations of the accompanying drawings by the entry.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Fig. 1] Overall side view of a root vegetable harvester

FIG. 2 is a simplified plan view of the front part of the harvester.

FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a transfer device portion.

FIG. 4 is a partial side view of a partially cutout showing a structure of a chain with rollers.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the structure of a sandwich conveyor device.

FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the portion of the transport device showing another structure of the rear portion of the guide mechanism.

7 is a side view of the vicinity of the guide mechanism having the structure of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a rear view of the aligning and conveying device having another structure.

9 is a side view of a carrot harvester having the aligning and conveying device shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Excavation device 2 Lifting / conveying device 3 Leaf cutting device 4 Aligning / conveying device C Deformation detecting means D Excluding means

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A digging device (1) for extracting root vegetables in the ground to the ground, and a lifting conveying device (2) for conveying root vegetables sent from the digging device (1) onto a traveling machine body. A leaf cutting device (3) for cutting off the leaves of the root vegetables and a leaf cutting device (3) while transferring the root vegetables sent from the lifting and conveying device (2) toward the leaf cutting device (3). Aligning and Conveying Device (4) for Arranging in a Predetermined Position Suitable for the Leaf Cutting Process
And a variant detection means (C) for detecting whether or not the shape of the conveyed root vegetables is a shape within a predetermined range by acting on the root vegetables conveyed by the aligning and conveying device (4). And an excluding means (D) for retracting the root vegetables transported by the aligning and conveying device (4) to the outside of the aligning and conveying device (4).
When the variant detection means (C) detects a variant root vegetable having a shape outside the predetermined range and outputs variant detection information, the variant root vegetable is retracted and moved by the elimination means (D). Further, a root vegetable harvester in which the excluding means (D) and the variant detecting means (C) are linked.