JP3040800B2 - Artificial soil - Google Patents

Abstract

An artificial bed soil comprises shredded cortex of Japanese cedar and/or Japanese cypress added with a surfactant and/or vermiculite. This artificial bed soil is mainly used for growing and cultivating plants. This aritificial bed soil can be also employed as mulching material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an artificial soil used mainly for growing and cultivating plants.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, there is an artificial soil obtained by drying sphagnum (Sphagnum).

Sphagnum is a genus of sphagnum belonging to the family Sphagnum, which has transparent cells with a high water-absorbing power, and performs an effective function as a soil cultivation by the water-absorbing power.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The above-mentioned conventional technology has the following problems.

Sphagnum moss has high water retention (water retention is 60% by volume
Therefore, if rainfall and irrigation are frequent, growing plants (especially orchids) will cause root rot due to moisture damage due to excessive water retention.

Since sphagnum is highly degradable by bacteria, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen greatly increases and changes over time, making it difficult to determine an appropriate amount of fertilizer. Cause

In addition, sphagnum rots in more than one year, so it is necessary to replace it with new sphagnum in more than one year, especially in orchid cultivation.

In order to avoid the above-mentioned moisture damage and concentration disturbance, it is necessary to check the water retention state and the nutrient concentration state, and then strictly adhere to the appropriate amount of irrigation and fertilizer application, and the management of irrigation and fertilization is troublesome.

As described above, sphagnum is rich in decomposability by bacteria, so its function as cultivation decreases with time, and when used continuously as cultivation for 2 to 3 years, it is almost impossible to grow cultivated plants after that. Continuous crop failure occurs.

In particular, in orchid cultivation, it is necessary to replant to a new sphagnum moss in about one year as described above.

As described above, sphagnum is rich in decomposability by bacteria, so its morphology changes to powder after 1-2 years of cultivation, and covers the seeds of weeds that have come flying on the cultivation surface,
Since the germination is facilitated, weeds are easily generated.

In order to solve the above problems, it has been desired to create an artificial soil using a material having a moderately low water retention and a low decomposability by bacteria.

Recently, it has been proposed to use a cedar or cypress skin layer as such a material and cut it into a form of soil cultivation (“Today's Agriculture” (Chemical Daily), April 1989)
Monthly pages 110-114).

However, even with this kind of artificial soil, the following new problems ~
Is generated.

Once dried, its surface is water-repellent,
Water permeability and water retention are lost, and the irrigated water does not reach the roots, and the growing plants die.

In order to prevent the above water repellency, it is necessary to avoid drying during cultivation, irrigation must always be performed before drying, and management of irrigation is troublesome.

In order to prevent the water repellency, it is necessary to avoid drying even during the distribution process as a product, and in some cases, it is necessary to supply water during the distribution process, and the management of the product is troublesome.

Since the product needs to be kept in a water-retaining state as described above, the product weight increases, which is disadvantageous for transportation.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem and to put a feather-like treated material or a finely cut material of a cedar and / or hinoki cypress skin layer, which loses water permeability and water retention by drying, into practical use as artificial soil.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a surfactant is added to a feather-like processed product obtained by cutting a skin layer of cedar and / or hinoki to form a feather. It is about soil cultivation.

The invention according to claim 2 relates to the artificial culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is held by adsorption to the porous particles.

The invention according to claim 3 relates to the artificial soil according to claim 1, wherein vermiculite is used instead of the surfactant.

A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the artificial soil according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a water retention material is added.

The invention according to claim 5 relates to an artificial soil, wherein a surfactant is added to a finely chopped cedar and / or cypress skin layer.

The invention according to claim 6 relates to the artificial soil according to claim 5, wherein the surfactant is held by porous particles.

The invention of claim 7 relates to the artificial soil according to claim 5 or 6, wherein vermiculite is contained.

The invention according to claim 8 relates to the artificial soil according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a water retention material is added.

The invention of claim 9 relates to an artificial soil for a multi-material, comprising the artificial soil according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

In the artificial cultivation soil of each invention, for example, chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers, organic herbs, mineral powder, synthetic fibers, antiseptic fungicides,
Other components that can be used for plant cultivation, such as systemic insecticides and systemic fungicides, can also be included.

Specific examples of the above cedar and cypress are scientific names Cripto
Examples include meria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa, but these variants may also be used.

The feather-like processed material or shredded material of the skin layer of cedar or cypress can be easily cut by a method described in JP-A-2-49516 or a method in which bark peeled off by a dry bark peeling machine is directly cut by a rotary grinder. Although it is manufactured, it is preferable that the skin layer of cedar or cypress is treated like a feather.

The reason for adding the surfactant is to prevent the feather-treated or cut pieces of the cedar and / or hinoki cypress from drying and becoming water-repellent or to dry and give water-repellent cedar and / or Alternatively, it is for restoring water permeability and water retention to the feather-like processed material or finely cut material of the hinoki cypress skin layer.

The surfactant may be of any kind, but in particular,
A cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant can be suitably used, and an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant are more preferable.

Examples of the cationic surfactant include lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
Distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dihydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride,
Oleyl bispolyoxyethylene methyl ammonium chloride, stearyl hydroxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, lauroyl amino propyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium ethosulfate, lauroyl amino propyl dimethyl hydroxy ethyl ammonium perchlorate and the like.

As anionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether sulfate ammonium salt,
Polyoxyethylene dinonyl phenyl ether sulfate ammonium salt, polyoxyethylene distyrenated phenyl ether sulfate ammonium salt, polyoxyethylene synthetic alcohol sulfate ammonium salt, and the like, specific examples of which include:
RY-321, 335, 333, 334 of Matsumoto Yushi and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene bisalkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyethylene glycol oleate and the like. Specific product names include Matsumoto Yushi's Penelol NP-2 and Penelol BN
P-20, Penelol SP-18, Actinol OL-6, Actinol CS-10, Brian O-200, and Sylvan T-20, Sylvan T-60, Sylvan of Matsumoto Yushi, a microorganism-separating surfactant
T-80, Hymar F-3, Hymal F-5, Hymal F-7, Hymal F-9 and the like can be mentioned, but a microorganism separation type is preferable.

The amount of the surfactant is about 10% of the total weight of the artificial soil.
It is preferably between 0.01% and 5.0% by weight, more preferably between about 0.05% and 1.0% by weight.

The reason is that if it is less than about 0.01% by weight, it may not be possible to restore the water permeability and water retention of the feather-like processed material or finely cut material of the dried and water-repellent cedar and / or hinoki cypress skin layer, On the other hand, even if it exceeds about 5.0% by weight, the water permeability is not further improved, and rather there is a concern that a large amount of surfactant may cause poor growth of the grown plant and the cost will increase, About 0.01% by weight to 5.0
In the range of weight%, the feather-like treatment of the cedar and / or hinoki cypress skin layer or the restoration of water permeability of the shredded material while maintaining the safety and economic cost of the growing plant, or the drying of the cedar or cypress skin layer by drying. It is possible to prevent the appearance of water repellency of the feather-like processed product or the finely cut product, and particularly about 0.05% by weight to 1.0%.
This is because the effect can be obtained more reliably in the range of weight%.

In the artificial soil of the present invention, the surfactant may be held by adsorption to the porous particles.

The reason why it is preferable to hold the surfactant by adsorption to the porous particles is to prevent the surfactant from flowing out of the soil in a short period of time, to maintain the surfactant in the soil for a long time, This is for maintaining the recovery function such as water permeability of the state-processed material or the finely cut material for a long period of time.

The porous particles used in the artificial soil of the present invention include pumice, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, concrete grains, stone, colloidal silicic acid, crushed stone, coconut shell, mortar, and fir tree with a particle size of about 0.1 to 10 mm. , Silica, slab, cement, perlite, sponge, polystyrene and the like can be suitably used.

The amount of the porous particles is about
Preferably from 0.1% to 50% by weight, about 0.5% by weight
More preferably, it is set to 〜10% by weight.

The adsorption of the surfactant to the porous particles can be easily performed by spraying or pouring the surfactant while stirring the porous particles.

The adsorption rate of surfactants to porous particles is generally about 10% to
The content is 50%, and a surfactant can be adsorbed and used within this range.

Further, in the artificial culture medium of the present invention, vermiculite may be further contained, or vermiculite may be used in place of the surfactant.

The reason for using vermiculite is that vermiculite cannot be dried like a surfactant to restore the water permeability of the feather-like treated material of the cedar and / or hinoki cypress skin layer or the cut pieces of the hinoki cypress, The feather-like treatment of the cedar and / or hinoki cypress skin layers while being dispersed and interposed between water-repellent cedar or cypress skin layers or finely cut pieces while passing water one after another by its own high water permeability. This is because a water passage can be formed between objects or small pieces.

The amount of vermiculite is based on the total weight of the soil.
Preferably about 5% to 40% by weight, about 15% by weight
More preferably, it is set to ~ 35% by weight.

The reason is that if it is less than about 5% by weight, it may not be possible to form a sufficient water passage. On the other hand, if it exceeds about 40% by weight, more water permeability is not particularly necessary as a cultivation soil. Approximately 5% to 40% by weight, while the specific gravity of the cultivated soil increases and the transportation becomes inconvenient and the cost increases.
Within this range, water permeability can be ensured while maintaining the lightweight and economical cost of the cultivation soil, and the effect is more reliably obtained in the range of about 15% by weight to 35% by weight.

The artificial soil of the present invention may further include a water retention material.

The reason for adding the water-retaining material is to keep the feather-like processed material or finely cut material of the cedar and / or hinoki cypress layer for a long period of time due to its high water retention, and to prevent water repellency due to its drying as much as possible. .

Examples of the water retaining material include starch / acrylic polymer, poly (sodium acrylate) polymer, vinyl acrylate polymer, methyl acrylate / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylic acid cross-linked polymer, polyvinyl alcohol / acryl ester polymer, Modified polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, specially treated acrylonitrile polymer, dissolved pulp polymer-based polymer, sodium polyacrylate-based polymer, etc. WAS of Seki Kogyo, Sumikagel and Igetagel of Sumitomo Chemical, Wonder Gel of Kao Soap, Aquakeep of Iron and Steel Chemistry, KI Gel of Kuraray Isoprene Chemical, Espec Lan Seal of Exlan Japan,
Examples include KP series of Japan Vilene, Kikkolate SC of Nichirin Chemical Co., Ltd., Aquaprene of Meisei Chemical Industry, Non-Sweet of Henkel Japan, and Lion Polymer of Lion.

The content of the water-retaining material is preferably about 0.01% to 3.0% by weight in terms of the active ingredient, and
More preferably, the content is from 1.0% by weight to 1.0% by weight.

The reason is that when the content is less than about 0.01% by weight, the water retention is small, and the feathered material or finely cut material of the cedar and / or hinoki cypress skin layer may not be able to be kept wet for a long period of time. On the other hand, if it exceeds about 3.0% by weight, the orchid etc. may cause root rot due to excessive water retention, and the cost becomes high, while about 0.01% by weight to 3.0%.
In the range of weight%, the feather-like processed material or cut pieces of the cedar and / or hinoki cypress can be kept moist for a long period of time while ensuring the safety of the growing plant. This is because the effect can be obtained more reliably in the range.

If desired, chemical artificial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, medicinal herb organic, mineral powder, synthetic fiber, antiseptic / fungicide, systemic insecticide, systemic fungicide, etc. may be added to the artificial soil according to the present invention.

 IBDU specifically as chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer (Mitsubishi
Chemicals, etc.), for Eid undiluted flowers (Takeda Horticulture Co., Ltd.), Yes
Aki (Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Fertilizers are preferred. Although the amount of use cannot be said unconditionally, the present invention
Usually about 0.1% to 10%, preferably
Is about 0.5% to 5%.

Herbal organics include, for example, Annakasan, Hiragansan, Rhubarb,
It is a Chinese medicine raw material such as licorice. For example, rhubarb, liquorice, peonies, ginger (ginger), herbs such as kelp, extracted residues or their processed products, and as processed products, feces obtained by feeding these extracted residues to earthworms, or Compost is preferred.
"Medical component" manufactured by Kalgen Co., Ltd. is an example of a medicinal herb that can be easily obtained. Although the amount of use cannot be said unconditionally, it is generally about 1% to 50% with respect to the completed artificial soil of the present invention,
More preferably, it is about 5 to 30%.

In order to increase the specific gravity of the artificial soil, mineral powder may be blended.

Specific examples of the mineral substance include clay, talc, and zeolite. Preferably, a fine powder of these is used. Although the amount of use cannot be unequivocally described, it is usually 5% to 80%, preferably about 5%, based on the completed artificial soil of the present invention.
It is about 15% to 30%.

In addition, when synthetic fibers are added to the artificial soil of the present invention, generation of mold is suppressed.

Specific examples of the synthetic fibers include scraps or finely cut pieces of polyester, nylon, polyethylene, and the like.
Although the amount of use cannot be unequivocally determined, it is generally about 0.01% to 30%, preferably about 0.1% to 10%, based on the completed artificial soil of the present invention.
%.

 As an antiseptic and fungicide, preferably, it is low in animals and plants.
Toxic, for example methyl 2-benzimidazoylcarba
Courtside D with Nate (MBC) as the main component ,
Toside SP , Courtside 55D , Slaoff 620 ,
Laoff 72N (All are Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
May be. Although the amount of use can not be said unconditionally, the completion of the present invention
Usually about 0.01% to 1.0%, preferably about
0.05% to 0.5%.

Specific examples of the penetrating insecticide include Ortran (chemical name: o, s-dimethylacetylphosphoramidothioate), Depterex (chemical name: dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate ) And the like. Specific examples of the systemic fungicide include benomyl (chemical name: methyl 1- (butylcarbamoyl)-).
2-benzimidazole carbamate) 50% wettable powder [benlate wettable powder (Takeda Horticulture)], triforine (chemical name: N, N '-[1,4-piperazinidinyl-bis (2,2,2,-
Trichloroethylidine] -bisformamide) 15.0% emulsion [Saprol emulsion (Takeda Horticulture)] and the like.
The amount of the penetrating insecticide and the penetrating fungicide can be used in a range of about 0.05% or less based on the completed artificial soil of the present invention.
5%, preferably about 0.1-1%.

Further, the artificial soil according to the present invention may be colored with a pigment or a pigment, if desired.

The coloring method is easily produced by coating the artificial soil surface with a usual film-forming component or an adhesive component containing a pigment or a pigment. Preferably, it is produced by mixing a pigment or a pigment with a resin, spraying the mixture on artificial soil, and then drying. When the resin is mixed with a pigment or a pigment and coated on the surface of the soil, the color does not easily fade.

Resins include vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate copolymer, ordinary film-forming components or adhesive components, such as phenolic resins, alkyd resins, vinyl chloride resins,
It refers to a synthetic resin such as an epoxy resin or a silicone resin, or a natural drying oil such as linseed oil or radish oil, or a natural resin such as copal or rosin. In practice, emulsion-type vinyl acetate is preferred.

Although the amount of the resin used cannot be determined unconditionally, it is usually about 0.01% to 3.0% based on the completed artificial soil of the present invention, preferably
0.05% to 1.0%.

As the pigment, any of ordinary organic pigments and inorganic pigments can be used, and the color may be any of blue, green, yellow, orange, red, and white. Copper phthalocyanine blue for blue pigment,
Copper phthalocyanine green for green pigment, bisazo pigment for yellow pigment, insoluble monoazo pigment for orange pigment, insoluble monoazo pigment for red pigment, condensed azo pigment, quinacridone pigment, azo pigment, etc. Can be suitably used.

The pigment may be any of natural pigments such as carotenoids, porphyrins and chlorophylls, and synthetic pigments such as tars.

Although the amount of the pigment and the pigment used is also uncertain, it is usually 0.05% to 3.0%, preferably 0.1% to 1.0% based on the completed artificial soil of the present invention.

The artificial cultivation soil of the present invention is easily produced by mixing (preferably uniformly) necessary components according to a means known per se.

A preferred method of using the artificial soil of the present invention is, for example, when sowing, sowing a seed on the artificial soil of the present invention or a mixture of artificial soil and general soil or fertilizer, and then cultivating the artificial soil of the present invention thereon Cover. In this way, even when weed seeds fly over the artificial soil, they do not enter the artificial soil, remain on the surface, and since the surface of the artificial soil is dry, Seeds cannot germinate.

In addition, since the artificial soil of the present invention also has a defrosting effect, heat retention, and water retention effect in addition to the above-described weed generation prevention effect, by using it as a mulch material (in place of a straw), for example, frost damage of a shallow root plant can be prevented. Can be prevented.

Furthermore, the artificial soil of the present invention is light in weight, so it is convenient for transportation, and can be used as a flowerbed to be installed on a rooftop, a veranda, or other gardening soil.

Furthermore, a plant can be cultivated by mixing a fertilizer or the like with the artificial soil of the present invention.

[Effect of the Invention] (Invention of Claim 1 or 5) The invention of Claim 1 or 5 has the following effects.

The feathered or cut pieces of the cedar or cypress skin layer have a moderately low water retention (water content is 30% by volume)
Therefore, even if rainfall and irrigation are frequent, there is little danger of moisture damage due to excessive water retention, and root rot of cultivated plants (particularly orchids) can be effectively prevented.

The feathered or cut pieces of the cedar or hinoki cypress skin are hardly degradable by bacteria, can withstand use for more than 10 years, have little change over time in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, and determine the appropriate amount of fertilizer It is possible to carry out easily, there is little risk of concentration disturbance due to excessive nutrients, and it is possible to effectively prevent poor growth of growing plants.

As described above, water retention does not become excessive due to frequent rainfall and irrigation, and an appropriate amount of fertilization can be easily determined. Therefore, management of irrigation and fertilization is easy.

As described above, the feather-like processed material or the finely cut material of the cedar or hinoki cypress skin layer has a low degradability by bacteria, so that the function as a cultivation medium does not decrease over time.
There is no so-called continuous cropping failure that makes it almost impossible to grow breeding plants after a lapse of years.

As described above, feathered or cut pieces of the cedar or cypress skin layer have low degradability by bacteria,
The morphology does not change, the flying weed seeds are unlikely to invade the surface of the soil, and the weed seeds dry quickly and cannot germinate, thus preventing the occurrence of weeds.

Even if the feather-like processed material or finely cut material of the cedar or cypress skin layer is dried and has a water-repellent surface, once it is supplied with water by rainfall or irrigation, its surface becomes wettable by the surfactant. As the height increases, water permeability is restored, and water is absorbed into the tissue to restore water retention.

For this reason, the irrigation water can be reliably supplied to the roots, and the grown plants do not die.

Even if the surface of the feather-like processed material or the finely cut material of the cedar or cypress skin layer dries during cultivation, it is possible to pass water,
It is not necessary to always check the water retention condition and perform watering before drying, and it is easy to manage watering.

Since there is no need to avoid drying, there is no need to supply water during the distribution process as the product, and the product can be easily managed.

Since the dried product can be made into a product, the weight of the product can be kept small and it is convenient for transportation. In particular, since many gaps are formed between the feather-like processed materials or the finely cut pieces,
The apparent specific gravity is small and the handling is convenient.

(Invention of Claim 2 or 6) The invention of Claim 2 or 6 has the following effect in addition to the effect of any of the invention of Claim 1 or 5.

The surfactant gradually flows out of the porous particles, and the function of imparting water permeability and water retention to the feather-treated material or the finely cut cedar and / or cypress can be maintained for a long period of time.

(Invention of claim 3) The invention of claim 3 has the following effect in addition to the effect of any of the inventions of claim 1 or 5.

Even if the feather-like processed material or finely cut material of the cedar and / or cypress skin layer is once dried and its surface becomes water-repellent,
Water is passed and water is retained in the water passage formed by the vermiculite, and the grown plants do not die.

(The invention of Claim 4 or 8) The invention of Claim 4 or 8 is the invention of Claims 1-3 or 5
In addition to the effects of any one of the seventh aspect, the following effects can be obtained.

The permeation of water into the water retention agent can be promoted by lowering the interfacial tension of the water by the surfactant or by promoting the delivery of water to the water retention agent by the vermiculite, so that the water retention material can retain a large amount of water.

(Invention of claim 7) The invention of claim 7 has the following effect in addition to the effect of any of the inventions of claim 5 or 6.

Due to the inclusion of vermiculite, the surfactant adheres to the vermiculite and is widely dispersed in the feathered or cut pieces of the cedar and / or cypress skin layer.

(Invention of claim 9) The invention of claim 9 has the following effects in addition to the effects of any of the inventions of claims 5 to 8.

Since many gaps are formed between the small pieces, it has high heat retention and can be used as an excellent multi-material.

(Invention of each claim) The inventors of the present invention newly found the following unexpected effect as a common effect of the invention according to each claim.

Due to the heat insulation effect of air in many gaps formed between feather-like treated materials or between small pieces, when used as cultivation soil for roof gardening, the ceiling does not burn, so in summer the room temperature in the lower room The rise can be suppressed. In addition, in winter, it is effective for keeping indoor heat.

Since it has an anti-frost effect, it is possible to prevent frost damage on growing plants (especially shallow root plants).

Because it has pupation prevention and antibacterial effects, pesticide-free cultivation is possible. For example, it is hygienic and suitable for home gardening to suppress the occurrence of housefly. In addition, the cause of the lawn withering is because the scarab eats the roots, but the artificial cultivation of the present invention suppresses the occurrence of scarabs, so it is suitable for growing grass, and the spraying of pesticides on golf courses, which has become a social problem today. Helps to reduce In addition, pesticide-free cultivation of healthy plants such as herbs is also possible.

Examples and test examples are shown below to clarify the effects of the above invention.

[Examples 1 to 5] A feather-like processed material obtained by cutting a cedar skin layer to form a feather, and a feather-like processed material obtained by treating a hinoki skin layer in the same manner are uniformly mixed in the same amount, and then mixed with Matsumoto. RY-321 (ammonium salt of polyoxyethylene (6) nonylphenyl ether sulfate) of fats and oils was blended in each blending amount shown in Table 1 to obtain artificial soil.

As shown in Table 1, RY-3 based on the total weight of the artificial soil
Example 21 has a blending amount of 0.01% by weight of Example 1, Example 2 has a composition of 0.05% by weight, Example 3 has an amount of 1.0% by weight, Example 4 has an amount of 3.0% by weight, and Example 4 has a compounding amount of 5.0%. A sample having a weight% of Example 5 was used.

[Examples 6 to 10] Vermiculite was mixed with the same amount of a feather-like processed material obtained by cutting a cedar skin layer to form a feather and a feather-like processed material obtained by treating a cypress skin layer in the same manner. Was mixed in the respective amounts shown in Table 3 to obtain an artificial soil.

As shown in Table 3, the case where the blending amount of vermiculite was 5% by weight with respect to the total weight of the artificial soil was set as Example 6, the case with 15% by weight as Example 7, and the case with 25% by weight as Example 8. The composition of Example 9 was 35% by weight, and the composition of Example 10 was 40% by weight.

[Examples 11 to 15] A feather-like processed material obtained by cutting a cedar skin layer to form a feather and a feather-like processed material obtained by treating a cypress skin layer in the same manner were uniformly mixed in the same amount. Hymar F-7 of fats and oils
(Polyoxyethylene (7) secondary alkyl ether) was blended at each blending amount shown in Table 2 to obtain an artificial soil.

As shown in Table 2, the compounding amount of Hymar F-7 relative to the total weight of the artificial soil was 0.01% by weight as Example 11, the compound having 0.05% by weight was set as Example 12, and the compounding amount of 1.0% by weight was set as Example 12. Example 13 and the case of 1.0% by weight as Example 13
The one with 3.0% by weight was designated as Example 14, and the one with 5.0% by weight was designated as Example 15.

[Example 16] While mixing 50 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 46 parts of the cut cypress skin layer, 2 parts of silica, 1 part of coconut shells, 1 part of pearlite were mixed to obtain 70.07 parts of Himal F and 0.005 parts of a flower factory stock solution (Takeda Horticulture) The part was sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 17] While mixing 85 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 10 parts of the cut cypress skin layer, 1 part of polystyrene, 3 parts of cement and 1 part of silica were mixed to obtain 0.07 parts of Himal F-7 and a stock solution of a flower plant (Takeda Horticulture) ) 0.005 parts were sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 18] While mixing 95 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 1 part of the cut cypress skin layer, 1 part of natural pumice, 2 parts of cement and 1 part of firgrass were mixed to obtain 0.07 parts of Himal F-7 and a stock solution of a flower plant ( Takeda Horticulture) 0.005 parts was sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 19] While mixing 90 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 5 parts of the cut hinoki skin layer, 2.5 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of natural pumice, and 1.5 parts of expanded cement were mixed to obtain 0.07 part of Himal F-7 and a stock solution of a flower plant. (Takeda Horticulture) 0.005 parts were sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 20] While mixing 84.5 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 5 parts of the cut hinoki skin layer, 8 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of natural pumice, and 15 parts of foam cement were mixed, and 0.07 part of Himar F-7 and a flower factory stock solution (Takeda) Gardening) 0.005 parts were sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 21] 91.5 parts of the cut cedar skin layer, 5 parts of peat moss, 3 parts of biocomponent (manufactured by Ryusuke Tanaka), and 0.5 part of cement were mixed to obtain 0.10 parts of Himal F-9 and 0.01 parts of undiluted solution of a flower plant (Takeda Horticulture).
0 parts were sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 22] While mixing 90.5 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 5 parts of the cut cypress skin layer, 2 parts of biocomponent, 1.5 parts of cement, and 1 part of natural pumice were mixed to obtain 0.07 parts of Himal F-7 and a stock solution of a flower plant. (Takeda Horticulture) 0.005 parts were sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 23] 90 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 3 parts of the cut cypress skin layer were mixed.
Igetagel while mixing 2 copies of Soil (Sumitomo Chemical)
2.5 parts of Okonpo (Ryusuke Tanaka), pot light (Onoda)
Mix 2.5 parts of Himar F-7, 0.07 parts
And artificially spraying 0.005 parts of undiluted solution of flower factory (Takeda Horticulture)
I got the soil.

[Example 24] 90.6 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 6 parts of the cut cypress skin layer
Igetagel while mixing 1 part soil 0.9 part mortar
Mix 1.5 parts of mosquito, 0.07 parts of Himal F-9 and stock solution of flower plant
(Takeda Horticulture) 0.005 parts were sprayed to obtain artificial soil.

[Example 25] 3.5 parts of crushed stone, 2 parts of foamed cement, 3 parts of herbaceous organics while mixing 89.5 parts of the cut cedar skin layer and 2 parts of the cut cypress skin layer
The mixture was mixed and sprayed with 0.07 part of Himar F-7 and 0.005 part of a stock solution of a flower plant (Takeda Horticulture) to obtain an artificial soil.

[Test Example 1] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, those containing no surfactant were used as Comparative Example 1, and Examples 1 to 5 and 11 to above were used.
Fifteen water permeability and plant cultivation conditions (once every three days of watering) were examined.

The test method was performed by filling the petri dishes with the artificial soils of Examples 1 to 5, 11 to 15 and Comparative Example 1 each to a thickness of 2 cm, and dripping water from above onto the surface.

The determination of water permeability was made valid when the dropped water was immediately absorbed from the surface of the artificial soil, and invalid when the water was not absorbed.

 The results of the determination are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

As is clear from Table 1, effective water permeability was obtained when the amount of RY-321 or Hymar F-7 was 0.01% by weight or more.

As described above, even if the content exceeds 5.0% by weight, the water permeability is not further improved, and rather, there is a concern that a large amount of the surfactant may cause poor growth of the grown plant and increase the cost.

From the above, in the range of 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight, it is possible to recover the water permeability and the like of the feather-like treated material while maintaining the safety and economical cost of the cultivated plant. It can be seen that the weight percent range is most preferred.

[Test Example 2] As shown in Table 3, a material containing no vermiculite was used as Comparative Example 2, and the water permeability of Examples 6 to 10 was examined.

The test method and determination of water permeability were performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1.

 Table 3 shows the determination results.

As is apparent from Table 3, effective water permeability was confirmed when the amount of vermiculite was 5% by weight or more.

Further, as described above, even if it exceeds 40% by weight, water permeability more than that is not particularly necessary as cultivation soil, but rather the specific gravity of the cultivation soil increases, transportation becomes inconvenient, and cost increases.

From the above, it is possible to secure water permeability while maintaining the lightweight and economical cost of the cultivated soil in the range of 5% by weight to 40% by weight, and the effect is particularly effective in the range of 15% by weight to 35% by weight. It can be seen that it can be obtained more reliably.

In Table 1 Table 2 and Table 3, RY-321, Heimar F-
The unit of the blending amount of 7 and vermiculite is% by weight, and in the determination of water permeability, ○ indicates valid and X indicates invalid.

[Test Example 3] Insulation test Heat was applied to the artificial cultivation soil of Example 2 and asbestos as a heat insulating material for construction as a comparative example, and the surface temperature and the like of each test piece were measured to determine the thermal conductivity. The measurement was performed according to the 5.2-plate comparison method of JISA1412-1989 “Method of measuring thermal conductivity of heat insulating material”.

 Table 4 shows the determination results.

As is clear from Table 4, the artificial soil cultivation of the present invention has a better heat insulating effect than asbestos, which is a heat insulating material for construction.

[Test Example 4] Weed generation prevention test The artificial cultivation soil of Example 2 and a commercially available flower soil (trade name: Tosho Planter cultivation soil) were installed in a planter as a comparative example, and left outdoors for 6 months to remove weeds. The outbreak was investigated.

 The results are shown in Table 5.

As is evident from Table 5, despite the occurrence of a large amount of weed in the flower soil of the market, the weed hardly occurred in the artificial soil of the present invention.

[Test Example 5] Growth inhibition test on housefly larvae The artificially cultivated soil of the present invention and a natural field soil from Kyoto as Comparative Example 1 and humus from Osaka as Comparative Example 2 were each placed in a beaker in a volume of 200 ml. Release 50 heads each, cover the top with filter paper, sprinkle 5ml once a day and incubate at 25 ℃
After standing for a day, the number of pupae and the number of emerged adults were measured.

 The results are shown in Table 6.

As is clear from Table 6, the artificial soil of the present invention significantly suppressed the occurrence of housefly.

[Test Example 6] Cucumber seedling damping-off prevention test Test plants and pathogenic bacteria Cucumbers (variety: four leaves) were used as test plants.

Rhizoctonia Solani (Ibaraki Noriken, No. 63) as an inoculum was cultured in rice husk medium at 28 ° C. for 7 days, Fusarium oxy.
sporum f.sp.cucumerinum (Shinshu University, SUF359) was used after culturing at 28 ° C. for 14 days in a corn medium.

Test method-Test method using Rhizoctonia Solani Rice husk medium with fungi grown 1.0 g, 2.0 g, 3.0 g / pot was used as the artificial cultivation soil according to the present invention and a natural field soil from Kyoto as Comparative Example 1, and from Tochigi as Comparative Example 2. Mix and inoculate the surface soil (3 cm) of the natural field soil and keep it in a 28 ° C moist chamber for one day. Then, 10 seeds / pot of cucumber were seeded and controlled at room temperature, and examined 10 days later.

-Test method using Fusarium oxysporum Add twice the amount of corn powder to the medium in which the bacteria have grown, and grind with a juicer. 1.0 g, 2.0 g, and 3.0 g / pot were mixed and inoculated into the artificial soil of the present invention and all soil layers of the natural field soil from Kyoto as Comparative Example 1 and the natural field soil from Tochigi as Comparative Example 2. Keep in a 28 ° C moist chamber for 1 day. Then, 10 seeds / pot of cucumber were seeded and controlled at room temperature and examined 14 days later.

Investigation and judgment ・ Investigation and judgment of Rhizoctonia Solani 10 days after seeding, each individual was examined based on the following coefficients.

Coefficient (I) 0: Healthy 0.5: Slight symptom is found in the root part 1: No symptom is found in the above-ground part, but disease is found in the ground part and root 2: Disease is also found in the above-ground part, and it shows the initial disease state of withering 3 : Damage occurs at the time of germination or at the early stage and does not grow. Judgment: Damage (%) = ΣnI / (3 x number of solids), where n is the number of individuals showing coefficient I. ・ Fusarium oxysporum survey and judgment is 14 days Each solid was later investigated based on the following coefficients.

Coefficient (I) 0: Healthy 0.5: Healthy appearance, slight browning of conduit observed 1: Slow growth, severe browning of conduit 2: Severely retarded growth, clearly showing Fusarium atrophy 3: Deterioration Damage degree (%) = ΣnI / (3 × number of solids) where n is the number of solids showing the coefficient I The results are shown in Table 7.

From the above results, the artificial soil of the present invention is a viable plant,
It can be seen that water permeability, and furthermore, the suppression of weeds and pests are far superior to known comparative examples.

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Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. An artificial soil, wherein a surfactant is added to a feather-like processed material obtained by cutting a skin layer of cedar and / or hinoki to form a feather. 2. The artificial soil according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is retained on the porous particles by adsorption. 3. The artificial soil according to claim 1, wherein vermiculite is used in place of the surfactant. 4. The artificial soil according to claim 1, further comprising a water retention material. 5. An artificial cultivated soil characterized by adding a surfactant to a finely chopped cedar and / or cypress skin layer. 6. The artificial soil according to claim 5, wherein the surfactant is held by porous particles. 7. The artificial soil according to claim 5, wherein vermiculite is contained. 8. The artificial soil according to claim 5, further comprising a water retention material. 9. An artificial cultivation soil for a mulch material, comprising the artificial cultivation soil according to any one of claims 5 to 8.