JP2896506B2 - Chisel plow, fertilizer application, sowing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a chisel plow, which performs fertilization while cultivating with high efficiency under humid and frozen soil conditions in the snow-melt season in spring and in the early winter before snowfall, sowing, and crushing and covering soil in one step. The present invention relates to a fertilizer / seeding apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, spring-sown wheat has been sown by cultivating a field after melting snow in spring. However, during the snowmelt season, the fields are wet and difficult to dry, and sowing is often greatly delayed depending on the amount of snow and the weather during the snowmelt season. For this reason, wheat tends to be poor in ripening, and the yield and quality are extremely unstable, and the planting area of spring-sown wheat is low.
Therefore, a sowing method before root snow was devised to extend the cultivation period by performing sowing before the root snow of the previous year, promote ripening, and improve yield and quality.

[0003]

However, the field is wet before the deep snow, and even if the conventional rotary tillage machine is used for tilling and crushing, the humid soil adheres to the tilling and crushing nails, and the soil becomes wet. Cultivating
The work of crushing soil was difficult and the working speed was slow, so it was not a practical sowing method.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides tillage and crushing properties (weight ratio of small-diameter soil having a soil mass of 2 cm or less is 50% or more) suitable for sowing wheat even in wet soil conditions, and covering soil (several cm or less).
It is an object of the present invention to provide a chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding apparatus capable of performing the above-mentioned.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fertilizing / seeding apparatus having a fertilizing mechanism for fertilizing a field over a predetermined width and a sowing mechanism for sowing the field over a predetermined width. In the seed dispersing plate, a large number of chisel claws for cultivating the field are arranged on the lower front side of the fertilizing mechanism and the seeding mechanism, respectively, and the seeds fed from the seeding mechanism are dispersed behind the chisel claws and disseminated in the field. In addition to the above-mentioned seed dispersing plate, there is provided a crushing / covering soil roller for crushing the soil surface plowed by the chisel claws and mixing and covering the seed and soil.

[0006]

With the above arrangement, the chisel plow, fertilizer application and sowing apparatus of the present invention simply plows a field with a fertilizer mechanism and a large number of chisel claws arranged in front of the seeder mechanism, and a predetermined amount of fertilizer is fed out by the fertilizer mechanism. Spreading and application to the surface, seeding out a predetermined amount by the seeding mechanism behind the fertilizer application mechanism, uniformly dispersed by the seed dispersing plate, scattered on the ground surface, and the surface layer by the crushing and covering soil rollers arranged behind the seeding mechanism A series of operations to crush the soil mass and mix the crushed soil and seeds to cover the soil are performed in one stroke and at a high speed.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an agricultural tractor.
The chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding device 2 according to the present invention is connected to the rear of the tractor 1 via a three-point link hitch (not shown). This chisel plow / fertilizer / seeding device 2
As shown in detail in FIG. 2, a lower link hitch pin 3 connected to a three-point link hitch of the tractor 1 is provided at the front.
A tillage section 6, a fertilizer application section 7, a seeding section 8, a crushing / covering soil section 9, and the like are mounted on a main body frame 5 having a top mast 4.

The cultivating unit 6 includes a fertilizing unit 7 and a sowing unit 8.
On the lower front side, four chisel nails 10 for fertilization and five chisel nails 11 for sowing are provided in the front-rear direction. The chisel claws 10 and 11 do not overlap in the front-rear direction, are arranged at an appropriate interval in the left-right direction (in this embodiment, 25 cm), and are pulled by the retractor 1 so that the chisel claws 10 and 11 are pulled. Is cultivated to a depth of about 20 cm by scratching the soil.

The fertilizer application section 7 includes a fertilizer hopper 12, a fertilizer feeding roller section 13, a fertilizer conduit 14, and the like. The fertilizer feeding roller section 13 receives rotation power from a ground drive wheel 15 via a chain transmission system 16. The powdery or granular fertilizer contained in the fertilizer hopper 12 is fed out by a fixed amount, and the fertilizer conduit 1
4 and sprayed on the surface of the soil cultivated by the chisel claw 10 for fertilization and the chisel claw 11 for sowing.

The seeding section 8 includes a seed hopper 17, a seed feeding roller section 18, a seed conduit 19, a seed dispersion plate 20, and the like.
The seeds (wheat) contained in the seed hopper 17 are fed out by a fixed amount at a time, and are dropped from the seed conduit 19 onto the seed dispersion plate 20. The seed dispersing plate 20 is formed by randomly arranging a large number of nails 20a on the upper surface of a flat plate body. The seeds are appropriately dispersed by hitting the nails 20a, and the seeds are dispersed on the soil surface plowed by the sowing chisel claw 11. Fall uniformly. Also, by sowing the seed dispersion plate 20, it is possible to sow seeds.

The crushing / covering section 9 is provided at a rear end of the main body frame 5 and at a rear end of a pair of left and right support arms 22 whose front ends are supported to be vertically rotatable. The roller 23 is pivotally supported. In addition, the weight 2 is placed between the support arms 22 on the upper side of the crushing / covering roller 23.
4 are provided to apply a load to the roller 23 for crushing and covering soil. Then, the roller 23 for crushing and covering soil is rolled by the advance of the airframe, the large soil mass is crushed, and the crushed soil is mixed with the wheat seeds to form a suitable covering, and the covering depth is approximately 1 to 2 cm. . In addition, the load by adjusting the weight of the weight 24 according to the type and moisture of the soil is adjusted,
It is possible to appropriately maintain the crushing property of the crushing and covering roller 23.

In the chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding apparatus 2 having such a configuration, the work is mounted on the agricultural tractor 1 and introduced into a field before snowfall to perform work. When the chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding device 2 moves by being pulled by the tractor 1, the field is simply plowed by the fertilizer chisel claw 10 and the seeder chisel claw 11, and the fertilizer 7 and the seeder 8 are placed thereon.
Fertilization and sowing are carried out. Seed conduit 19 of sowing section 8
Are distributed uniformly by the seed dispersing plate 20 and scattered on the ground surface, and the soil is crushed by the crushing / covering roller 23, and the crushed soil and the seeds are mixed to cover the soil. .

Table 1 shows the chisel plow, fertilizer and fertilizer according to the present invention.
It is a comparison of the soil breaking property of the prototype of the seeding apparatus 2 with a commercially available chisel plow and a rotary tillage machine.

[Table 1]

1) Commercially available chisel plows have large cultivated soil masses to excavate soil greatly, and the crushing rate (weight ratio of small-diameter soil having a soil mass diameter of 2 cm or less; Desirable) is 41.2%
Was low. 2) In the rotary tillage implement, the distribution ratio of the small lumps of 2 cm or less was 54.3%. However, since the rotary tillage machine kneads the soil in wet soil, the soil plasticizes and forms a dumpling, and when the work is continued, the soil adheres to the machine body and traveling becomes difficult.

3) The prototype machine plows the soil with the chisel claws 10 and 11 and then plows it, and then crushes the large soil mass by the crushing and covering roller 23, so that the crushing rate becomes 57.8%, which is lower than that of the rotary tilling work machine. The crushability was improved. 4) The working speed of the prototype machine is about 0.84 m / s, which is more than twice the working speed of the rotary tillage working machine of 0.42 m / s, and high-speed work is possible. Furthermore, the porosity of the soil cultivated by this prototype is higher than that of the platform using the rotary cultivator, and the air permeability and drainage are judged to be good.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the soil water content of each working machine and the crushing rate. Water content 40-70% d
Within the range of b, 1) Commercial chisel plows have a lower soil crushing rate and are inferior in soil crushing properties as compared with a rotary tillage machine. 2) Although the prototype machine has a small number of survey points, it is presumed that due to the effect of the crushing and covering soil roller 23, the crushing property is equivalent to that of a rotary tillage machine. Therefore, it is judged that the use of this prototype makes it possible to work efficiently even under humid soil conditions before snowfall.

The feature of this prototype is that the field is roughly cultivated by the chisel claws 10 and 11, the wheat and the like are uniformly scattered on the surface, and the weight 24 applies a load to the cage-shaped crushed clay.
The soil covering roller 23 crushes a large earth mass and covers the wheat and the like with the soil. With this method, even if the work is performed at a high speed, appropriate crushing and covering can be performed, and a seeding bed suitable for wheat or the like can be formed.

In the tillage method using the chisel claws 10 and 11, the porosity of the seeding bed is higher and the drainage is better than in the rotary tillage method, so that wheat and the like are less susceptible to moisture damage during the snowy season and the snowmelt season. Become. In addition, this prototype machine is highly efficient because it performs tillage, fertilization, sowing, crushing, and covering soil simultaneously in one operation, and the weather is unstable due to unstable weather such as before the deep snow in early winter or during the snow melting season in spring. Work can be performed quickly at a limited time.

[0020]

As described above, according to the chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding apparatus of the present invention, the above-described configuration enables efficient tillage / cultivation even in humid soil conditions such as before snowfall.
Fertilization and sowing work can be performed. Until now, it has been shown that the method of sowing spring wheat before root snow improves yield and quality compared to the conventional method of spring sowing, but the method of operation using a conventional rotary tillage machine Although the adaptability to wet soil was low and the method for sowing before snowfall could not be spread, the method for sowing springy wheat using the apparatus of the present invention before snowy snow solved various problems up to now. However, by establishing it as a practical work method, it became easy to spread it to general farmers.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding device according to the present invention mounted on a tractor as viewed from the rear.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a soil water content and a crushing rate.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Agricultural tractor 2 Chisel plow / fertilizer application / seeding device 3 Lower link hitch pin 4 Top mast 5 Main frame 6 Tillage part 7 Fertilizer application part 8 Seeding part 9 Crushed soil / cover soil part 10 Chisel nail for fertilization 11 Chisel nail for seeding 12 Fertilizer hopper 13 Fertilizer fertilizer Roller part 14 Fertilizer conduit 15 Ground drive wheel 16, 21 Chain transmission system 17 Seed hopper 18 Seed feeding roller part 19 Seed conduit 20 Seed dispersing plate 20a Seed dispersing nail 22 Support arm 23 Crushing and covering soil roller 24 Weight

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hirotoshi Kurizaki 1 Nishi 4-Jo Minami, Nishi 4-jo Minami, Bibai-shi, Hokkaido 3-2 (72) Inventor Jiro Watanabe 832-1 Koji, Komoro-shi, Nagano Pref. ) Inventor Teruo Sugano No. 1 Agricultural Experiment Lodging B12-1, Yogaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido (72) Inventor Sadao Takeshita E9-2 Agricultural Trial Lodging E1-2, Yokagaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido (56) References 276804 (JP, A) JP 40-4011 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01B 49/00-49/06 A01C 7/20

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fertilizer / seeding apparatus having a fertilizing mechanism for fertilizing a field over a predetermined width and a sowing mechanism for sowing a field over a predetermined width, wherein the field is cultivated below and forward of the fertilizing mechanism and the sowing mechanism, respectively. A large number of chisel claws are provided, and a seed dispersing plate is provided behind the chisel claws to disperse the seeds fed from the sowing mechanism and disperse the seeds in the field. A chisel plow, fertilizer application and sowing apparatus, comprising a crushing and covering roller for crushing the soil surface and mixing and covering the seed and soil.