JP2876330B2 - Culture soil with reduced water repellency - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a culture soil, particularly a rice plant, which hardly causes irregularity of germination and poor water repellency which causes poor survival after transplantation during sowing or transplantation. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a culture soil suitable for use in growing seedlings of horticultural crops.

2. Description of the Related Art It is not an exaggeration to say that the production technology of high quality seedlings is a very important technology in crop production, and that poor quality of seedlings controls the yield. Traditionally, farmers have produced the necessary seedlings in their own way, using self-produced seedling cultivation soil.

On the other hand, research on the production of high quality seedlings is also active, and in recent years, with the aim of producing stable quality seedlings and reducing the cost of raising seedlings, in recent years, a large number of commercially available soil has been released and at the same time a production system that co-cultivates a large number of seedlings has been established. It has come to be.

In the case of such commercially available soil, it is an essential condition that stable quality is maintained as the culture soil and stable production of high-quality seedlings is achieved.

Numerous studies have shown that the application of organic matter is indispensable for the production of high-quality crops, and high-quality seedlings can be produced even when the above-mentioned commercial culture soil is mixed with high-quality organic materials. It is well known that it is produced.

However, in the case of a commercially available soil, there is a lapse of time from the time of production to the time of actual use, and a slight change in physicochemical and biological properties occurs during storage of the product. Such a change is not so serious as to cause a problem in normal crop production. However, when the culture soil exhibits a water-repellent phenomenon, it becomes a very serious problem in producing good quality seedlings such as uneven germination and poor rooting during transplantation.

The water-repellent phenomenon is not always found only in organic materials, but is also found in mineral fibers such as rock wool as a seedling raising material. In this case, measures are taken by treating with a surfactant. However, the water-repellent phenomenon derived from the organic material is not persistent in the treatment with a surfactant, and when stored for a long time, the effect of preventing the water-repellent property is almost lost. Further, as another preventive measure, there is a method of adding an organic material as a granular material, or mixing an inorganic material and an organic material and then granulating, but these methods are not enough to prevent the water repellent phenomenon. Often.

Despite the fact that soil water repellency is a serious problem, there has been little research to explain its mechanism, and there is no definitive method to prevent the occurrence of water repellency. .

Under such circumstances, the stable production of high-quality seedlings is ensured by the blending of organic materials, and the development of a culture soil that does not cause water repellency even when the product is stored for a long period of time, especially a culture soil for raising seedlings, has been developed. Was desired.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention is to provide a culture soil that causes very little water repellency during operations such as seeding or transplantation even if stored for a long period of time, particularly a culture soil suitable for use in raising seedlings. Make it an issue.

Means for solving the problems Culture soil for producing seedlings of crops is basically composed of inorganic materials for fixing roots to support the crop body, holding water and nutrients, and growing seedlings. It is composed of fertilizer salts to supply nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium necessary for the crop, but when organic materials are further added, the nutrients are supplied to the crop and the physiological activity of the crop increases,
Since high quality seedlings are produced, culture soil containing these organic materials is preferably used.

In addition, the shape of the culture soil is said to have good permeability and water retention,
In addition, the main component is a granular material having good fluidity and capable of coping with mechanization of work.

Immediately after production, the culture soil having such a configuration has no water repellency at all, but gradually shows water repellency after long-term storage.

Although the mechanism of the water-repellent phenomenon has not been fully elucidated as described above, the water-repellent substance moves to the surface due to the movement of moisture during storage and forms a film on the surface of the grain, or a specific substance may not be formed. Factors of chemical change, such as formation of a water-repellent film after being oxidized after moving to the surface of the grain, and the growth of microorganisms on the surface of the grain during storage, resulting in the residue of these cells and metabolites on the surface. Microbial factors such as accumulation to form a water-repellent coating are conceivable.

When the inorganic material, the fertilizer salt, and the organic material are combined, the fertilizer components required during the seedling raising period are relatively small, and must be blended so that the product is homogeneous. It is well known that the presence of an appropriate amount of a fertilizer component enhances the activity of soil microorganisms, but that when the concentration is high, the activity of the microorganisms is inhibited.

Therefore, the microbial activity is reduced without mixing fertilizer components into the inorganic material, which is the main material of the cultivation soil, while the high-concentration fertilizer is added to the organic material to reduce the microbial activity, thereby reducing water repellency due to microbial factors. Investigating the relationship between the shelf life of the product and the occurrence of water repellent phenomena when mixing fertilizer salts with inorganic materials and granulating by mixing with organic materials, with the intention of reducing the When a mixture of granulated organic material and fertilizer salt and a mixture of granulated inorganic material alone were observed, the water-repellent phenomenon was extremely mild even during long-term storage. The invention has been reached.

Therefore, the feature of the present invention resides in that the granular material of the inorganic material as the main raw material of the soil and the granular material of the organic material to which the fertilizer salt is added are mixed.

Examples of the organic material used here include soil, clay mineral, zeolite, and a mixture thereof.

On the other hand, as organic materials, peats, composts, organic fertilizers generally applied to soil for the purpose of promoting the growth of crops,
Examples include organic industrial wastes, humic substances, and the like. In addition, these treated products, for example, an alkali-treated acid-neutralized product of peat coal and the like are also used.

In the present invention, a material obtained by adding a fertilizer salt containing a fertilizer element of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium such as ammonia chloride, lime superphosphate, and potassium chloride to the organic material is used. The amount of fertilizer salt added to the organic material cannot be specified because the required amount of the fertilizer component varies depending on the type of crop. However, when the added concentration of the fertilizer salt is low, the microbial activity cannot be reduced, and it is difficult to uniformly disperse the fertilizer salt in the organic material. It is necessary to take care that the concentration of the fertilizer does not decrease when adding the fertilizer salt.

On the other hand, the addition of a fertilizer salt to an inorganic material is not preferable because it causes the occurrence of a water-repellent phenomenon, as mentioned above, but in the present invention, even a small amount is excluded unless the water-repellent phenomenon is remarkable. Not something.

The mixing ratio of the organic material to the inorganic material may vary depending on the type and composition of the organic material, and may be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the economic effect of the mixing.However, usually, the weight ratio is about 9: 1. is there.

In the present invention, the inorganic material and the organic material to which the fertilizer salt is added are mixed and used in the form of granulated granules, thereby preventing the fertilizer salt from being mixed into the inorganic material.

By mixing the granular material of the inorganic material and the granular material of the organic material to which the fertilizer salt is added to prepare the culture soil, the culture soil that does not become water repellent even when stored for a long time,
In particular, a culture soil suitable for raising seedlings can be provided.

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples.

Example 1 A fertilized soil rich in iron oxide was used as an inorganic material, and a kneaded product of 600 parts by weight of peat, 300 parts by weight of peat and 100 parts by weight of an alkali-treated acid neutralized peat was selected as an organic material. Ammonia chloride 1 per 970 parts by weight of material
0 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of superphosphate, 5 parts by weight of potassium chloride are mixed, kneaded and granulated (water 40%), and inorganic material alone is granulated and dried (water 11%) Was mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 9, 20 kg was filled in a plastic bag, and stored at room temperature.

On the other hand, as a control culture soil, 10 parts by weight of ammonium chloride, 15 parts by weight of lime superphosphate, and 5 parts by weight of potassium chloride were mixed and kneaded with a single granulated product of organic material (water content: 40%) and 9000 parts by weight of inorganic material. The mixture was granulated, dried and mixed (water content: 11%) at a weight ratio of 1: 9, and 20 kg was filled in a plastic bag and stored at room temperature.

Each product stored for 4 months was filled in a paddy rice nursery box, 1000 ml of water was applied per box with dirt, the box was turned upside down 30 minutes after irrigation, and the state of water repellency was investigated. The results are shown in Table 1. .

Next, a water absorption test was performed on the preserved products of these culture soils. That is, make a bottom with filter paper at one end of a stainless steel 100 ml soil sampling core, and add 100 ml of each soil
Was tightly packed, and the mixture was allowed to stand on an aluminum bat filled with water to a depth of 5 mm, and the time required until the soil surface was completely wetted was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from the table, the culture soil of the present invention quickly absorbed water with almost no water repellency even after storage for 4 months, whereas the control culture soil showed water repellency already after storage for 1 month, indicating the time required for water absorption. Was significantly delayed, and the longer the storage period, the stronger the degree.

Example 2 The number of microorganisms in the culture soil of the present invention and the control culture soil produced and stored according to Example 1 were counted, and the results are shown in Tables 3 to 6.

As can be seen from Tables 3 to 6, in the whole product,
On all of the survey days, the number of other bacterial groups except actinomycetes was smaller in the culture soil of the present invention than in the control culture soil. In particular, the difference between bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria was great.

Grain-negative bacteria tended to increase in the control culture soil, whereas a slight increase was observed in the culture soil of the present invention, when only the particles of the inorganic material constituting the main component of the product were picked up and counted. Stayed.

That is, in the case of the culture soil of the present invention, the microbial activity during storage was maintained lower than in the control culture soil.

Example 3 A seedling test for paddy rice was carried out using the preserved soil of the present invention prepared in Example 1 and the control soil for 4 months.
A paddy rice raising seedling box was filled with cultivation soil, 180 g of seedlings of Akinishiki were sowed and covered with soil, and 1000 ml of water per box was sprinkled with a mug and raised under normal conditions.

Table 7 shows the results of the germination survey on the third and eighth days and the growth survey on the 24th day.

The culture soil of the present invention was able to grow well with good germination without any water repellency.However, in the case of the control culture soil, a water impervious zone was formed inside immediately after irrigation, so that the inside of one box was Caused irregularities in the timing of germination.

Example 4 An inorganic material obtained by mixing and kneading 300 parts by weight of ando soil, 500 parts by weight of light-colored ando soil and 200 parts by weight of vermiculite, and 400 parts by weight of peat, 400 parts by weight of peat, and 20 ripe compost
0 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts by weight of lime superphosphate, and 4 parts by weight of sulfuric acid are mixed, kneaded and granulated to mix the organic materials in a ratio of 9: 1 (weight ratio) to culture the present invention. Made soil.

On the other hand, the control culture soil is 300 parts by weight of ando soil, 500 parts by weight of light-colored ando soil, 200 parts by weight of vermiculite, 1 part by weight of ammonium sulfate, 1 part by weight of lime superphosphate, and 0.1 part by weight of sulfuric acid.
Mix and knead 4 parts by weight of inorganic material and 400 parts by weight of peat, 400 parts by weight of peat, and 200 parts by weight of ripe compost to mix and knead the organic material in a ratio of 9: 1 (weight ratio). Produced by mixing.

 Each product was packed in a plastic bag of 20 kg and stored in a warehouse.

A water repellency test was carried out on the stored products for 4 months. That is,
No. 5 unglazed pot was filled with 1000 ml of cultivated soil, irrigated with 1000 ml of water, allowed to stand for 1 hour, and then examined for water repellency inside the pot. The results are shown in Table 8.

Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C09K 17/40 A01G 1/00 C05G 3/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A culture soil comprising a mixture of a granular material of an inorganic material as a main raw material of the soil and a granular material of an organic material to which fertilizer salts are added. 2. The culture soil according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of soil, clay mineral, zeolite, and a mixture thereof. 3. The culture soil according to claim 1, wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of peats, organic fertilizers, organic industrial wastes, humic acids, and processed products thereof. 4. The culture soil according to any one of (1) to (3), which is used for raising seedlings. 5. The culture soil according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the granular material of the organic material to which the fertilizer salt is added is in a range of about 5% to 20% by weight.