JPH01171417A - Cultivation bed for plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To continuously apply a fertilizer suitable for growing plants and contrive an increase in oxygen feed rate to plant roots, by providing a space under a nursery bed and forming a fertilizer layer containing a slow-release fertilizer having regulated elution and air layer in the space. CONSTITUTION:A cultivation bed for plants obtained by providing a space surrounded by a molded body having continuous air-permeable gaps and water holding properties under a nursery bed and forming a fertilizer layer containing a slow-release fertilizer having physically regulated elution and an air layer in the space in a cultivation bed having the nursery bed in the top surface part of a culture medium consisting of the above-mentioned molded body. The afore-mentioned molded body is capable of holding nutriments and water and permeating oxygen and, e.g., a molded body of inorganic fibers, such as rock fibers, synthetic fibers or synthetic resin foams. The above-mentioned slow- release fertilizer having physically regulated elution is a coated fertilizer, prepared by coating a granular fertilizer consisting essentially of water-soluble salts with films consisting essentially of an olefinic polymer or copolymer, capable of slowly eluting fertilizer components through the films in the presence of water and utilized for plants.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention relates to a plant cultivation bed.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In recent years, so-called hydroponic cultivation methods that do not use soil or that use artificial culture media have become popular, and rock fiber is attracting attention as an artificial culture medium. Although various types of hydroponic cultivation methods have been proposed, there has been a need for a means that can increase the amount of oxygen supplied to plant roots.

The purpose of this invention is to propose an easy-to-manage plant cultivation bed that can continuously apply fertilizer suitable for plant growth and at the same time increase the amount of oxygen supplied to plant roots.

[Means for solving problems]

This plant cultivation bed is a plant cultivation bed in which a seedbed is provided on the upper surface of a medium made of a molded body with continuous ventilation gaps and water-retentive properties, and a space surrounded by the molded body at the bottom of the seedbed. The present invention is characterized in that a fertilizer layer containing a slow-release fertilizer whose elution is physically controlled and an air layer are provided in the space.

The molded material with continuous ventilation gaps and water retention properties of this cultivation bed is capable of retaining nutrients and moisture and permeating oxygen, such as inorganic fibers such as rock fiber, synthetic fibers, or synthetic resin foam. It is a molded object such as.

In the present invention, a slow-release fertilizer whose elution is physically controlled is a fertilizer granular material mainly composed of water-soluble salts that is coated with a coating mainly composed of an olefin polymer and/or an olefin copolymer. It is a coated fertilizer that is used by plants as the fertilizer components gradually dissolve through the coating in the presence of water.

Normally, slow-release fertilizers use nitrogen that is poorly soluble in water, but in the case of the former, the environment (e.g. temperature, moisture, ρ11, salt concentration, microorganisms, etc.) It is not suitable as a fertilizer for use in the culture medium of the present invention because it is difficult to provide a stable supply because it is strongly influenced by the environment, and it requires conversion to an inorganic state that is not utilized by plants.

On the other hand, with coated fertilizers, in the presence of the moisture required by plants, the expression of the fertilizer effect is affected only by temperature, so by using it after knowing the temperature of the fertilization environment, it is possible to absorb the nutrients necessary for plants. can be supplied at a rate close to that absorbed. There are many types of coated fertilizers depending on their component composition, component elution period, etc. In terms of component composition, depending on the type of crop, cropping type, etc.
Or, two or more types are used in combination, but in either case, the elements necessary for crops are nitrogen, phosphoric acid, weight, lime, magnesia,
It contains iron, manganese, boron, etc. In addition, regarding the component elution period, by determining the appropriate type based on the cultivation environment conditions of the crop, particularly the temperature and cultivation period, it is possible to have a fertilizing effect over the entire crop period with one fertilization. However, if necessary, a conventional fertilizer can be used as a starter, or a combination of two or more types of coated fertilizers, including short-term types, can be used. As slow-release fertilizers, for example, those described in Japanese Patent Application No. 70326/1983 filed by the present inventors are preferably used.

In addition to the above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer, the fertilizer layer may contain chemicals such as an acid coating as a medium improving agent, a coated agricultural chemical for pest control, and a coated growth regulator.

In addition, when slow-release fertilizers or the chemicals that coexist with them are wrapped in water-permeable sheets that do not allow plant roots to pass through, such as synthetic fiber non-woven fabrics, the fertilizers do not disperse and are easier to handle. It is suitable because it does not disperse and invade.

If the size of the air layer is too large, the amount of moisture retained in the culture medium around the air layer will decrease, and the humidity of the air layer will decrease, which is not preferable. The size of the space consisting of the fertilizer layer and the air space varies depending on the size of the seedbed, but is usually 50 to 150 cm. For example, the height is a little less than 3c + n, and it is 1 c above the surrounding area of the seedbed.
Dimensions as narrow as rn or narrower are preferred.

[For production]

This cultivation bed has the above structure, and the air layer provided in the medium at the bottom of the seedbed maintains a high temperature because the surrounding medium retains irrigation water and has ventilation, and at the same time, the air layer outside the medium maintains a high temperature. Replacement progresses. In addition, the slow-release fertilizer in the fertilizer layer is moistened by the irrigation water held in the culture medium, and the fertilizer components are eluted into the irrigation water and diffused into the culture medium. Therefore, with this cultivation bed, slow-release fertilizer with the desired conditions is stored in the space within the medium, a fertilizer layer and an air layer are provided, and simply by supplying irrigation, fertilizer can be continuously supplied over a long period of time. It is possible to increase the amount of oxygen supplied, promote the growth of plant roots, and achieve healthy growth of plants.

〔Example〕

The following will explain the embodiments shown in the drawings. In Figure 1, lock fiber block 1 (30X92X10cm
(height)) is used as a culture medium, and the center of the top surface in the width direction is cut out to create a space 2 (6X6X3cn+(height)) of 3
The holes were drilled at intervals of 20C11. In this space 2, a slow-release fertilizer 4 wrapped in a polyester fiber non-woven fabric 3 is stored, a fertilizer layer 5 and air N6 are provided above it, and a rock fiber block seedbed 8 in which tomato seedlings 7 are planted.
(10xlOX7cm (height)) was placed to form a cultivation bed. In addition, the area around the cultivation bed, excluding the top surface of the seedbed 7,
It was simply coated with a silver-colored polyethylene sheet (silver sheet) 9 mixed with aluminum to prevent significant moisture from dimming.

In this cultivation bed, the following slow-release fertilizer was stored in an amount equivalent to 10 g of nitrogen per tomato plant, and water was supplied to the base of the plant by dripping method, and the growth test of the example was conducted. At the same time, a comparative test was conducted using a conventional method in which the space 2 was not provided and liquid fertilizer was applied and water was dripped using a drip method.

The slow-release fertilizer in this example is Fertilizer A, which contains ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, nitric acid processing, and sulfuric acid processing as the main ingredients, and a chemical fertilizer containing a small amount of calcium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, chelated iron salt, manganese sulfate, and more. Add sodium borate, N P2O3K2OMg
FeMnB content (weight%) is 14.5-1
1.1-14.7-1.33-0.17-0.07-0
．． Granular fertilizer which is No. 07 and Fertilizer B which is mainly composed of calcium nitrate and has an N-CaO content (wt%) of 1.
0.3-32.0 granular fertilizer, each fertilizer (particle size 2.38-3.84 mm) using a jet coating device,
Coating treatment was performed using polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and talc as a coating agent, perchlorethylene as a solvent, and a surfactant as an elution control agent. Each N component was eluted at 80% in water at 20"C. A product was prepared that took about 120 days to reach the desired rate.

The weight of each granular coated product thus obtained is A:B=9
They were mixed at a ratio of 0:10 and tested.

On September 25th, 20 plants/area were planted and the first fertilization was applied at the same time.

In the comparative example, fertilizer was applied by preparing more than a dozen ingredients before the harvest was completed, whereas in the example, no fertilizer was prepared, and only the amount of watering was adjusted and the temperature of the medium was adjusted. The time required for fertilization was short, resulting in considerable labor savings.

The growth condition of the example was more vigorous than that of the comparative example, and as of March 2
Harvesting was completed on the 2nd. The yield was as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 In addition to the embodiments described above, this cultivation bed can also take the form shown in FIG. 3, for example.

That is, the culture medium of rock fiber block 1 and the seedbed 8
A holding stand 10 made of a rock fiber block having a rectangular planar shape is arranged between the holding table 10 and a space 2, and a slow-release fertilizer 4 is stored in the space to provide a fertilizer layer 5 and an air layer 6 above the fertilizer layer 5. You can also do it.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention is as described above, and this cultivation bed stores slow-release fertilizer in a space, provides a fertilizer layer and an air layer, and allows continuous fertilization over a long period of time by simply supplying irrigation water. It is possible to increase the supply amount. Therefore, management effort can be saved and healthy growth of plants can be achieved.

In addition, as in the example, if the slow-release fertilizer is wrapped and stored in a water-permeable sheet such as non-woven fabric, it will be easier to handle the fertilizer.
The medium can be easily used repeatedly.

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] FIGS. 1 and 2 are a partial cross-sectional perspective view and a longitudinal sectional view of a cultivation bed according to an embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the cultivation bed. . l... Lock fiber block, 2... Space, 3
...Polyester fiber nonwoven fabric, 4...Slow release fertilizer,
5... Fertilizer layer, 6... Air layer, 7... Tomato seedling,
8... Nursery bed, 9... Silver sheet, 10... Holding stand.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) In a plant cultivation bed in which a seedbed is provided on the upper surface of a medium made of a molded body with continuous ventilation gaps and water-retention properties, a space surrounded by the molded body is provided below the seedbed,
A plant cultivation bed characterized in that a fertilizer layer containing a slow-release fertilizer whose elution is physically controlled and an air layer are provided in the space.