JPWO2017104703A1 - Outdoor soil hydroponic kit, outdoor hydroponic system, and method for producing plant body - Google Patents

Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to provide an outdoor hydroponics kit that enables hydroponics outdoors without using large-scale equipment. A plant body, a plant body support member that supports the plant body, a coated fertilizer that is stored in the plant body storage member and supplies nutrients to the roots of the plant body, and the plant body storage member is detachably held An open-surface hydroponics kit has a plurality of openings that can be formed and has a float member that can float on the water surface.

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation kit, and more particularly, to an outdoor hydroponic cultivation kit for performing hydroponic cultivation outdoors and an outdoor hydroponic cultivation system using the kit. Moreover, it is related with the manufacturing method of a plant body.

  In general, hydroponics is performed indoors, such as in steel houses, vinyl houses, and prefabricated houses. The reason for hydroponics indoors is that the concentration of nutrient solution changes when rainwater flows into the cultivation container during rainfall, and it is necessary to adjust the nutrient solution concentration to an appropriate concentration each time. It is necessary to isolate it from pests and rainwater. Therefore, there have been almost no attempts to carry out hydroponics outdoors, and the proposed hydroponics outdoors have only large and expensive facilities that have a function of inverting plants. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  In hydroponics, it is common to grow plants by supplying nutrient solution to the roots of the plant, especially when hydroponics is performed industrially, while adjusting the nutrient solution concentration Circulating the nutrient solution with a pump or the like is performed, and the apparatus tends to be large (see Patent Document 3).

JP 2012-024110 A JP 2012-249626 A JP 2013-111046 A

  As described above, although there is an attempt to perform hydroponics outdoors, the equipment tends to be large and expensive. On the other hand, in indoor hydroponics, when circulating a solution using a pump or the like, once the solution or plant is recently contaminated with viruses, there is a problem that bacteria and viruses spread throughout the circulatory system, It was virtually impossible to apply it outdoors. Moreover, algae were easily generated by circulating the nutrient solution, and much labor was required for cleaning and the like.

On the other hand, in Japan, there are many paddy fields that are forced to fallow or change crops due to the government's policy to reduce the volume. Furthermore, the conclusion of the TPP is likely to cause a considerable change in rice import policy, and there is concern that further fallow paddy fields will occur due to the decline in rice prices due to the increase in imported rice.
An object of the present invention is to provide an outdoor hydroponics kit that enables hydroponics outdoors without using a large facility.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a seedling raising method capable of raising a plant body outdoors without using a large-scale facility.

  As a result of studying to solve the above problems, the present inventors first studied the use of a coated fertilizer used in soil cultivation. And, by using a tray that becomes a flow path, continuously or intermittently without circulating water to the flow path, and by using a coated fertilizer, hydroponics can be performed outdoors. It is filed as a headline, Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-030780.

  The present inventors have made further studies and have a kit using a float member that has a plurality of openings that can removably hold a plant storage member such as a pot and can float on the water surface. Thus, it was found that outdoor hydroponics would be possible wherever there is a cultivation tank capable of holding water.

One embodiment of the present invention is:
A plant body, a plant body support member that supports the plant body, a coated fertilizer that is disposed on the plant body support member and supplies nutrients to the roots of the plant body, and the plant body support member can be detachably held It is an outdoor hydroponic cultivation kit having a plurality of openings and a float member that can float on the water surface.
The plant body supporting member is preferably in the form of a soil and pot, a soil and mesh pot, a soil and cell tray, or a soil and non-woven fabric.
The plant support member is preferably in the form of rock wool, foamed phenol, or urethane sponge.

  Moreover, another embodiment of the present invention is an outdoor hydroponics system that includes a cultivation tank that holds water, and the above-described outdoor hydroponics kit floats on the water surface in the cultivation tank.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, a plant, a plant support member that supports the plant body, a coated fertilizer that is disposed on the plant body support member and supplies nutrients to the roots of the plant body, and the plant body A step of preparing a hydroponics kit having a plurality of openings capable of detachably holding the support member and floating on the water surface; and the hydroponic kit prepared in the above step outdoors The plant body manufacturing method including the step of arrange | positioning on a water surface.

In the preparation step, it is preferable to use a sprouting plant as the plant body.
Moreover, it is preferable to further include the step of spraying the agricultural chemical on the plant body.

Also, one embodiment of another aspect of the present invention is:
Sowing plant seeds on the plant holding member;
Arranging the coated fertilizer on or in the plant body holding member so that nutrients can be supplied to the roots of the plant body after germination of the plant body seeds;
Placing the plant body holding member on the float member, and floating the float member on which the plant body holding member is placed on the water surface of the aquarium,
It is a seedling raising method of a plant body containing.

  Further, the plant body holding member is a soil, and the culture soil is preferably held by a cell tray. The plant body holding member is a solid holding member selected from rock wool, foamed phenol, and urethane sponge. Is also preferable.

  In addition, the float member preferably has a form in which the plant body holding member is placed directly or through a seedling box, and the placing surface of the float member has an opening for supplying moisture to the plant body. It is also preferable that the opening of the member is rectangular and that the opening of the float member is substantially circular. Furthermore, the form which has the step which adjusts the opening part area of the said float member is also preferable.

  In addition, the plant body is preferably selected from the group consisting of vegetables, foliage plants, and flower buds, and a form that does not use a vinyl house and / or does not grow seedlings indoors is also preferable. A form containing no nutrients is also preferred.

It is a front schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the outdoor hydroponics kit of this invention. It is a front schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the outdoor hydroponics kit of this invention. It is a front schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the outdoor hydroponics kit of this invention. It is a front schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment (An outdoor hydroponics system) which applied the outdoor hydroponics kit of this invention to the cultivation tank. It is a conceptual diagram which shows one form regarding arrangement | positioning of the member used for the seedling raising method of the plant body based on another side surface of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows one form of a plant body holding member. It is sectional drawing which shows one form of a plant body holding member. It is (a) top view and (b) front view which show one form of a float member. It is a top view which shows one form of the float member. It is a schematic diagram which shows one form of a float member. It is a schematic diagram which shows one form of a cell tray.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the contents described below, and can be arbitrarily changed and implemented without changing the gist thereof. is there.
In addition, the drawings used for the description all schematically show the hydroponic cultivation tool according to the present invention, and are partially emphasized, enlarged, reduced, or omitted to deepen the understanding. In some cases, it does not accurately represent the scale or shape of the member. Furthermore, the various numerical values used in the description with reference to the drawings are only examples, and can be variously changed as necessary.

The outdoor hydroponics kit according to the embodiment of the present invention is an outdoor hydroponics system by being installed outdoors in a cultivation tank. The plant body to be cultivated is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant body usually grown by hydroponics. Flowers such as various ornamental flowers and edible flowers, ornamental plants, and vegetables (edible plants) such as lettuce, tomato, spinach and baby leaf may be used.
The plant support member included in the outdoor hydroponics kit is a member having an opening at the bottom or near the bottom, or water permeability or water absorption so that water can be supplied to the root of the plant when the kit is placed on the water surface. It is made of a material having properties.
Moreover, if a cultivation tank can hold | maintain water, a place, a magnitude | size, and a shape will not be specifically limited, and it is not restricted to the cultivation tank prepared for outdoor hydroponics. For example, it is possible to perform outdoor hydroponics using a water reservoir prepared for another purpose, such as a paddy field under fallow, an outdoor pool that is no longer used, a water tank, and a pond. In that case, since it is not necessary to use nutrient solution, it is not necessary to consider the circulation of the water in a cultivation tank, and a large-scale installation is not required. Therefore, the unused water reservoir can be reused for hydroponics. When cultivating vegetables, a great contribution can be made to food shortages, and food can be supplied at low cost.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an outdoor hydroponic cultivation kit 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the front.
Edible plants 101 such as lettuce are supported in a soil (not shown) which is a plant body support member and a pot 102. In addition, the pot 102 which is a part of the plant body support member usually has an opening on the bottom surface, and can supply moisture to the root of the edible plant 101 from the opening.
The pot 102 is filled with cultivated soil (not shown) to support the edible plant 101, but instead of the cultivated soil, it may be replaced with urethane sponge, foamed phenol, rock wool or the like to support the edible plant 101. . Moreover, it can be set as a supporting member by covering culture medium etc. with a nonwoven fabric etc., without using a pot.
Specific examples of plant body support members include culturing soil and pots, culturing and mesh pots, culturing and cell trays, rock wool and mortars, foamed phenol and mortars, urethane sponges and mortars, cotton fibers and mortars or cultivating soils and nonwoven fabrics.
In addition, when supporting the edible plant 101 with urethane sponge, foamed phenol, rock wool, etc., since it can be directly held by a float member described later without using the pot 102, each of the urethane sponge, foamed phenol, rock wool, etc. A plant body supporting member can be used alone. Other examples that can be used alone as a plant support member include cotton, nonwoven fabric, and soil. When using cotton, non-woven fabric, and soil as a plant body supporting member alone, it is preferable to form cotton, non-woven fabric, and soil so that the plant body can be supported, and to include an adhesive or the like so as to keep the molding. .

In the pot 102, a coated fertilizer (not shown) that supplies nutrients to the roots of the edible plant 101 is arranged. The coated fertilizer is a fertilizer in which the fertilizer is coated with a resin or the like, and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-59382, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-1550, and International Publication No. 2012/147668. Therefore, it may be prepared, and a commercial product may be purchased because there is a commercial product. When the plant body is grown using the coated fertilizer, the root of the plant body covers the coated fertilizer when the root grows to some extent, so that the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
In addition, when the urethane sponge, foamed phenol, rock wool, etc. support the edible plant 101 alone, the coated fertilizer may be stored in advance in a plant support member such as urethane sponge, foamed phenol, rock wool, Alternatively, the coated fertilizer can be attached to the side surfaces and the bottom surface of these plant body support members. When a coated fertilizer is affixed, it may be affixed as a fertilizer body that covers a coated fertilizer described below. The method of attaching is not limited, and an adhesive may be used, and a fixing jig such as a hinge may be used.

  In this embodiment, since the nutrient is supplied to the root of the edible plant using the coated fertilizer, hydroponics can be performed without using a nutrient solution (liquid fertilizer). Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the change in the concentration of the solution due to rainwater even in open-sea hydroponics, and it is not necessary to provide rain protection such as a vinyl house that has been conventionally required.

The arrangement position of the coated fertilizer in the pot 102 is not particularly limited as long as nutrients can be supplied to the roots of the edible plant 101, but the edible plant 101 can be burned with fertilizer by being disposed at a position where the coated fertilizer is always immersed in water. It is possible to suppress waking up and growth. Therefore, it becomes easy to cultivate even a plant that is weak against fertilizer. Specifically, it is preferable that the coated fertilizer is disposed in the lower part (water surface side) near the bottom surface of the pot 102 serving as the plant body storage member, that is, from the lower end of the float member described later.
Moreover, when cultivating a plant weak to a fertilizer, a covering fertilizer can also be covered with the sheet | seat which has water permeability. The water-permeable sheet may be a non-woven fabric or paper such as tissue paper. By such a form, it can avoid that the root of a plant body touches a covering fertilizer directly, and it becomes easy to grow even a plant weak to a fertilizer.

The styrofoam 103 which is a float member holds the edible plant 101 and the pot 102 and floats on the water surface. The foamed polystyrene 103 can be replaced as long as it is a material that can float on the water surface. For example, wood, a resin sheet, or the like may be used.
The expanded polystyrene 103 has a plurality of openings (not shown), and the openings can hold the bowl 102 in a detachable manner. Since the pot 102 can be attached to and detached from the opening of the foamed polystyrene 103, only the pot 102 can be easily replaced, for example, at the time of replanting accompanying the growth of the plant, and damage or stress to the root of the plant is caused. It is greatly reduced.

The thickness of the polystyrene foam 103, the size of the flat surface portion, the number of openings, the distance between the openings, the size of the openings, etc. are not particularly limited, and the type of plant to be grown, the size of the pot, which will be described later It can be set as appropriate in consideration of the size of the cultivation tank to be used. Further, a plurality of foamed polystyrenes 103 may be arranged side by side. For example, a plurality of foamed polystyrenes 103 may be used for each plant to be cultivated.
When a plurality of foamed polystyrenes 103 are used, especially when the area of each foamed polystyrene is reduced, the foamed polystyrene is likely to be scattered due to a storm or the like, and the arrangement of each foamed polystyrene may be scattered. Therefore, it is preferable to connect a plurality of polystyrene foams. The method of connection is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of directly connecting foamed polystyrene with an adhesive or the like, a method of connecting foamed polystyrene with a connecting member such as a hinge, and a method of connecting with a band-shaped string member. In the case of using a band-like string-like member, a connection can be established by providing a hole through which the string-like member is passed in each foamed polystyrene where there is no bowl 102 and passing the band-like string-like member through the hole. The shape of the hole is not particularly limited, and may be a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, or the like. Further, the material of the string-like member is not particularly limited and may be a thread, rubber, rope, or the like, but a material having elastic force is preferable. Using the string-like member, the holes provided in each of the polystyrene foams can be connected to each other in a sewing manner.

The thickness of the foamed polystyrene 103 is preferably thinner than the height of the bowl 102, more preferably 3 mm or more thinner than the height of the bowl 102, more preferably 5 mm or more, and usually 20 mm higher than the height of the bowl 102. It is preferably thin below and 15 mm below. On the other hand, when the pot 102 is not used, it is preferably not too thin from the viewpoint of stably holding a plant body support member such as urethane sponge.
Moreover, it is preferable that the upper part of the bowl 102 is located above the upper end of the expanded polystyrene 103. When the upper part of the pot 102 and the upper end of the foamed polystyrene 103 are at the same height, the leaves of the plant body touch the moisture that may be present on the foamed polystyrene when the plant is small (seedling time), so that the seedling becomes painful. May adversely affect growth. The same applies to the case where a plant support member such as urethane sponge is used without using the pot 102.
The upper part of the pot 102 is preferably located 1 mm or more above the upper end of the polystyrene foam 103, more preferably 3 mm or more, still more preferably 5 mm or more, usually 20 mm or less, and 15 mm or less. It is preferable.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an outdoor hydroponic cultivation kit 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention as seen from the front.
In the outdoor hydroponics kit 200, the mesh pot 202 is used as a plant body storage member. A mesh pot is a member used in place of a pot in hydroponics that may be referred to as a net pot or net cup. It is generally made of resin, and may have a locking portion 202a (indicated by a chain line in the figure) that can engage with the foamed polystyrene 203 at the outer peripheral upper end portion or the outer peripheral middle portion. Since the upper part of the mesh pot 202 is positioned above the upper end of the foamed polystyrene 203, the engaging part 202a of the mesh pot 202 is preferably provided at the lower part (outer peripheral middle part) about 5 mm to 15 mm from the upper end of the mesh pot 202.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an outdoor hydroponic cultivation kit 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the front.
In the outdoor hydroponics kit 300, the nonwoven fabric 302 is used as a plant body storage member. Even if it does not use the container which stores a plant body, such as a pot and a mesh pot, hydroponics can be performed by arrange | positioning a plant body on the nonwoven fabric which has water permeability. Therefore, even if a pot or mesh pot that fits the plant to be cultivated is not available, it can be replaced with a non-woven fabric.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an outdoor hydroponic culture system 1000 as seen from the front, in which the outdoor hydroponic cultivation kit 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention described above is floated on the surface of water stored in the cultivation tank 110. FIG.
The location, size, and shape of the cultivation tank 110 are not particularly limited as long as water can be retained. For example, it is possible to perform outdoor hydroponics using a water reservoir prepared for another purpose, such as a paddy field under fallow, an outdoor pool that is no longer used, a water tank, and a pond.

Even if the water in the cultivation tank 110 does not substantially contain liquid manure (nutrient), hydroponics is possible because the pot 102 of the outdoor hydroponics kit 100 contains the coated fertilizer. Since liquid fertilizer (nutrient) is not used in this way, it is not necessary to consider the circulation of water in the cultivation tank, and no large-scale equipment is required. In addition, liquid fertilizer (nutrient) is not substantially contained, which is intended to exclude the state in which liquid fertilizer (nutrient) is contained in water for the purpose of supplying nutrients to the plant body. It is not intended to be a state without only. For example, the concentrations of the main component of liquid fertilizer, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus may all be 1 ppm or less, or the concentration of all lysates including these may be 50 ppm or less.
Therefore, drinking water such as tap water can be used as water in the cultivation tank 110 in addition to groundwater.

  In this embodiment, since water is not circulated, agrochemicals can be used, so that the production efficiency of plants can be remarkably improved.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a plant body comprising the steps of preparing the above-mentioned hydroponics kit for outdoor cultivation, and placing the hydroponics kit on an outdoor water surface.
The outdoor hydroponic cultivation kit according to the embodiment of the present invention is a kit that enables hydroponic cultivation only by placing it on the water surface in a place where outdoor water is stretched, and can easily produce a plant body. It is sufficient if the place is full of water. For example, it is possible to perform outdoor hydroponics in a paddy field under fallow, an outdoor pool that is no longer used, a water tank, a reservoir, or the like.

In addition, when performing outdoor hydroponics with the outdoor hydroponics kit according to an embodiment of the present invention, seeds of plant bodies may be sown on culture soil or sponges in a plant storage container, and seeds are separately sprouting. You may use the seeds that have been done. By using seeds that have been sprouting, the growth of the plant body is complete and the cultivation period is shortened.
The method for sprouting plant seeds is not particularly limited. A method is known in which seeds of plant bodies are randomly sown on cultivated soil or urethane sponge, and sprouting is performed by soil cultivation or hydroponics.

On the other hand, the present inventors have also found a remarkably simple sprouting method as compared with the conventional method.
Specifically, a plant seed sprouting method, comprising filling plant seeds with water substantially free of nutrients in a sealable container, and filling the filled container in a dark place. Storing the method.
By this method, the plant can be sprouting by a very simple method without using soil or urethane sponge.

  In the filling step, the amount of water to be filled in the container may be an amount that moistens the entire amount of seed in the container. As a specific amount of water, when seeds are filled in a container having a uniform cross-sectional area in the height direction, the height of the water filled in the container relative to the height of the seed filled in the container The ratio may be 3% or more, or 5% or more. On the other hand, if the water is overfilled, the seeds may be spoiled. Good. At this time, it is desirable to rinse with water several times in order to wash away the germination inhibiting component and to uniformly contain water. The term “substantially free of nutrients” as used herein is intended to exclude the state in which water is contained in water for the purpose of supplying nutrients to plants, as in the above definition. It is not intended only for the state in which no nutrients are contained.

Although the conditions for storage in a cool and dark place vary depending on the type of plant body, the temperature is preferably around 4 ° C. Here, “before and after” may allow a change of ± 2 ° C. or may allow a change up to ± 1 ° C. As a dark place, the light irradiation time is usually 2 hours or less per day, preferably 1 hour or less, more preferably 30 minutes or less, and even more preferably 10 minutes or less. The lower limit is not limited.
Although the storage period varies depending on the type of plant, it is usually within 30 days, more preferably within 7 days from the day when 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more of seeds have been confirmed to have rooted or germinated. preferable. In order to facilitate visual judgment, the container used for filling is preferably transparent.

Next, another aspect of the present invention will be described.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for raising a plant body includes a step of sowing a plant seed on a plant body holding member, and a coated fertilizer can supply nutrients to the root of the plant body after germination of the plant body seed. The step of placing the plant body holding member on or in the plant body holding member, the step of placing the plant body holding member on the float member, and the float member placing the plant body holding member floating on the water surface of the aquarium The step of causing. In FIG. 5, the one form regarding arrangement | positioning of the member used for the seedling raising method of a plant body is shown.

  In addition, it is said that raising seedlings by artificial light is the most efficient raising seedlings, and it is preferable to raise seedlings by artificial light in a closed environment. However, the seedling raising by the seedling raising method found by the present inventors shown below makes it possible to grow a plant body outdoors without using a large-scale facility.

  In the present embodiment, the float member 2 is floated on the water surface 1 a of the water tank 1, and the seedling box 3 is placed on the float member 2. A cell tray 4 having a plurality of cells 4a aligned vertically and horizontally is placed in the seedling box 3 and each cell 4a is filled with normal soil (not shown in FIG. 5). Plant seeds are sown and grown on the cultivated soil.

  FIG. 6 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the cell tray 4. The cell tray 4 is a member widely used for raising seedlings, and usually has an opening serving as a water supply port 4b on the bottom surface thereof. When the cell tray 4 is used, each cell 4a is filled with the soil 5 that is a plant body holding member. The seeds of the plant bodies 6 are sown on the soil 5 filled in each cell 4a. When the cell tray 4 is used, the plant body holding member is not limited to the soil 5, and polyurethane, foamed phenol, rock wool, or the like can be used. In addition, the cell of the cell tray has a tapered shape toward the bottom surface, so that the contact area with water can be reduced, and such a shape is preferable when raising a plant body that is vulnerable to excessive moisture.

In this embodiment, the nutrients necessary for raising seedlings can be supplied to the roots of the plant body 6 after germination of the plant body seeds by mixing the coated fertilizer 7 with the culture soil 5 filled in the cell tray 4.
The coated fertilizer is a fertilizer in which the fertilizer is coated with a resin or the like, and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-59382, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-1550, and International Publication No. 2012/147668. Therefore, it may be prepared, and a commercial product may be purchased because there is a commercial product. When the plant body is grown using the coated fertilizer, the root of the plant body covers the coated fertilizer when the root grows to some extent, so that the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, since the nutrient is supplied to the root of the edible plant using the coated fertilizer, seedlings can be raised without using a nutrient solution (liquid fertilizer). Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the concentration change of the nutrient solution due to rainwater even in the case of outdoor seedling raising, and it is unnecessary to provide rain protection such as a vinyl house that has been conventionally required for outdoor seedling raising.

The arrangement position of the coated fertilizer 7 in the cell tray 4 is not particularly limited as long as nutrients can be supplied to the roots of the plant body 6, but the plant body 6 can be burned with fertilizer by being disposed at a position where the coated fertilizer is always immersed in water. It is possible to suppress waking up and growth. Therefore, it becomes easy to cultivate even a plant that is weak against fertilizer. Specifically, the coated fertilizer 7 is preferably disposed on the bottom surface of the cell tray 4, that is, in the vicinity of the water supply port 4b.
Moreover, when cultivating the plant body weak to a fertilizer, the covering fertilizer 7 can also be covered with the sheet | seat which has water permeability. The water-permeable sheet may be a non-woven fabric or paper such as tissue paper. There is no restriction | limiting in the quantity of the covering fertilizer covered with a water-permeable sheet, What is necessary is just to select suitably according to the plant body to grow. Moreover, the disposal problem can be solved after cultivation by using a biodegradable material. By such a form, it can avoid that the root of a plant body touches a covering fertilizer directly, and it becomes easy to grow even a plant weak to a fertilizer.

Moreover, the fertilizer body which covers a covering fertilizer with the sheet | seat which has water permeability in this way can be applied to soil cultivation.
Since hydroponics is a cultivation method using a large amount of water, the problem that the roots of plant bodies cause burnt of fertilizer does not become apparent when the coated fertilizer is constantly immersed in water. However, in soil cultivation, the problem that the fertilizer with a very high concentration is supplied to the root and the fertilizer is burnt becomes apparent because the coated fertilizer is arranged near the root.
Therefore, by using a fertilizer body covered with a sheet having a water-permeable coated fertilizer for soil cultivation, it is possible to avoid direct contact of high-concentration fertilizer components with the root of the plant body, such as The problem of fertilizer burn can be solved.

Furthermore, when using a fertilizer body covered with a sheet having a water-permeable coated fertilizer for soil cultivation, from a seeding position of a plant seed or a planting position of a plant seedling to a position of 1 mm or more and 200 mm or less in the horizontal direction. It may be placed on the floor and is preferably placed at a position of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less. Alternatively, it may be buried in the ground at a depth of 1 mm or more and 200 mm or less at a position of 1 mm or more and 200 mm or less in a horizontal direction from a plant seed sowing position or a plant seedling setting position at a depth of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less. It is preferable to be buried in the ground.
Alternatively, when fertilizer covered with a sheet having a water-permeable coated fertilizer is used for soil cultivation, it is buried in the ground at a depth of 1 mm or more and 200 mm or less immediately below the seeding position of the plant seed or directly under the plant seedling. It may be allowed to be buried in the ground at a depth of 10 mm to 50 mm.

For a single plant body, calculate the required amount of coated fertilizer, cover them with a water-permeable sheet and create a fertilizer body, and grow the plant body only with a fertilizer body covered with a water-permeable sheet. And the manure management effort is greatly reduced. Furthermore, fertilizer efficiency becomes very high compared with the method of spraying the covering fertilizer conventionally performed by soil culture cultivation in the low density | concentration to the cultivated land whole surface.
That is, in one embodiment, the method is a soil cultivation method in which a fertilizer body is produced by covering a fertilizer body in an amount necessary for the growth of the plant body with a sheet having water permeability, and placing the fertilizer body in the soil together with the plant body. Or burying.
A person skilled in the art can appropriately calculate the amount of coated fertilizer necessary for the growth of the plant body.

Typically, the cell tray 4 can be plastic. Plastic cell trays are usually reused. However, there is a problem in that it takes time for cleaning because there is a disease risk due to residual pathogens and pests when reusing.
Therefore, in some cases, a paper pot that is assumed to be discarded may be used with the cell tray made of paper.

  Thus, by making the cell tray a water-permeable material, it becomes possible to supply water without providing a bottom hole in the cell tray, and the problem that the soil in the cell tray leaks by opening the bottom hole can be solved. .

FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram. When the cell tray is made of a water permeable material, the outer frame of the chamber portion 9 of the cell 4 ′ has a multilayer structure, so that the space 9 ′ is formed by the multilayer structure. It is possible to prevent the high concentration fertilizer eluted from the coated fertilizer 7 from being supplied to the root by filling the space with the coated fertilizer 7, thereby solving the problem of burnt fertilizer.
Similarly to the method described above, it is also possible to calculate the required amount of coated fertilizer for one plant body and store them in the space 9 'created by the multilayer structure. Is greatly reduced.
Furthermore, by making a perforation between each cell in the cell tray so that it can be separated for each cell, it becomes possible to plant the separated cells as they are in the planting work of seedlings after raising seedlings. Alleviated.
When storing the required amount of coated fertilizer 7 for one plant body in the space 9 ′ generated by the multi-layer structure of the cell tray, the space may be filled with the coated fertilizer evenly. For example, the coated fertilizer may be filled only in a range of 1/2 or less in the height direction of the cell in the space, may be filled only in a range of 1/3 or less, or may be filled only in the bottom.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which a polyurethane sheet 41 is used instead of the cell tray 4. The polyurethane sheet 41 is a plant body holding member, and has a cut 8 so as to be easily separated into a normal block shape, and seeds of the plant body 6 are sown in each section partitioned by the cut 8.
When the polyurethane sheet 41 is used, the coated fertilizer 7 and the plant body holding member cannot be mixed as in the case where the culture soil 5 is used, and thus the coated fertilizer 7 is disposed on the polyurethane sheet 41. Even in such a case, the coated fertilizer gradually dissolves in water contained in the polyurethane sheet, and can supply nutrients necessary for raising seedlings to the roots of the plant body after germination.

  The plant body nurtured in this embodiment is not particularly limited, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant body that is normally grown by hydroponics. Flowers such as various ornamental flowers and edible flowers, ornamental plants, and vegetables (edible plants) such as lettuce, tomato, spinach and baby leaf may be used.

In FIG. 5, the cell tray 4 is placed on the float member 2 through the seedling box 3. Since the float member 2 includes only a frame in FIG. 1, if the cell tray 4 is placed as it is, stability may be impaired. Therefore, the float member 2 is preferably placed on the float member 2 through the seedling box 3. If the placement area of the cell tray 4 in the float member is large, the placed cell tray 4 is stable, so that the cell tray 4 can be placed as it is without having to go through the seedling box 3.
The float member 2 can be replaced as long as it is a material that can float on the water surface. For example, wood, a resin sheet, or the like may be used.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the float member. 8A is a top view of the float member 21, and FIG. 8B is a front view. The float member 21 is a frame formed by combining a rectangular member extending in the horizontal direction of the drawing and a rectangular member extending in the vertical direction in the drawing. And it has the rectangular opening part 21a. The float member 21 floats on the water surface with a plant body holding member, for example, the cell tray 4 of FIG. 5 placed thereon. Thus, the water supply to a plant body holding member becomes uniform by making a plant body holding member float on the water surface using a float member. In addition, since the float member 21 has the opening 21a, moisture can be supplied to the roots of the plant body from the water supply port present at the bottom of the cell tray.
FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the float member. In the float member 22, the number of rectangular members extending in the vertical direction in the drawing is reduced from five to three. Thus, the buoyancy of the float member 21 can be adjusted by decreasing the number of rectangular members or increasing the number of rectangular members. In addition, the number of rectangular members can be appropriately adjusted depending on the size of the plant body holding member to be placed.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the float member. As for the float member 23, the opening part 23a is substantially circular, and the area other than an opening part is large. By setting it as such a shape, when mounting plant body holding members, such as a cell tray, on a float member, it can mount stably, without passing through a seedling box.
Further, the buoyancy may be adjusted by the float member 23 at the manufacturing stage, such as increasing the area of the opening 23a or increasing the number of the openings 23a. On the other hand, when adjusting after manufacturing a float member provided with an opening, the buoyancy of the float member is adjusted by a method such as closing the opening 23a with a lid 23b having approximately the same size as the opening 23a. May be.

The float member on which the plant body holding member is placed is disposed on the water surface in the water tank.
As long as the water tank 1 can hold water, the location, size, and shape are not particularly limited. For example, seedlings may be raised using a water tank prepared for another purpose, such as a paddy field under fallow, an outdoor pool that is no longer used, a water tank, or a pond.
Even if the water in the water tank 1 does not substantially contain liquid manure (nutrient), the plant body holding member contains the coated fertilizer, so that seedling can be raised. Since liquid fertilizer (nutrient) is not used in this way, it is not necessary to consider the circulation of water in the aquarium, and no large-scale equipment is required. In addition, liquid fertilizer (nutrient) is not substantially contained, which is intended to exclude the state in which liquid fertilizer (nutrient) is contained in water for the purpose of supplying nutrients to the plant body. It is not intended to be a state without only. For example, the concentrations of the main component of liquid fertilizer, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus may all be 1 ppm or less, or the concentration of all lysates including these may be 50 ppm or less.
Therefore, drinking water such as tap water can be used as the water in the water tank 1 in addition to groundwater.

  Moreover, since water is not circulated in this embodiment, since agricultural chemicals can be used, the production efficiency of raising seedlings can be remarkably improved.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is a plant raising seedling kit. Specifically, the plant body seedling kit has a cell tray and a float member on which the cell tray is placed, and the float member has an opening. Moreover, the seedling raising method of the plant body which has the step which floats this kit on the water surface which does not contain liquid manure (nutrient) is another embodiment of this invention.

100, 200, 300 Open-air hydroponics kit 101, 201, 301 Edible plant 102 Pot 202 Mesh pot 202a Locking part 302 Non-woven fabric 103, 203, 303, Styrofoam 110 Cultivation tank 1000 Open-surface hydroponic system 1 Water tank 1a Water surface 2, 21, 22, 23 Float members 2a, 21a, 22a, 23a Opening 23b Lid 3 Nursery box 4 Cell tray 4a, 4 'Cell 4b Water supply port 41 Polyurethane sheet 5 Culture soil 6 Plant body 6a Root 7 Coated fertilizer 8 Cut 9 Chamber 9 ´ Space

Claims (9)

Plant body,
A plant support member for supporting the plant,
A coated fertilizer that is disposed on the plant body support member and supplies nutrients to the roots of the plant body, and a float that has a plurality of openings that can removably hold the plant body support member and can float on the water surface Element,
An open-air hydroponic kit.   The outdoor hydroponics kit according to claim 1, wherein the plant body support member is a soil and pot, a soil and mesh pot, a soil and cell tray, or a soil and non-woven fabric.   The outdoor ground hydroponic cultivation kit according to claim 1, wherein the plant body support member is rock wool, foamed phenol, or urethane sponge.   The outdoor hydroponics system which has a cultivation tank holding water and the floating hydroponics kit of any one of Claims 1-3 is floating on the water surface in the cultivation tank. Plant body,
A plant support member for supporting the plant,
A coated fertilizer that is disposed on the plant body support member and supplies nutrients to the roots of the plant body, and a float that has a plurality of openings that can removably hold the plant body support member and can float on the water surface A method for producing a plant body comprising: preparing a hydroponic cultivation kit having a member; and placing the hydroponic cultivation kit prepared in the step on an outdoor water surface.   The plant support member is a soil and pot, a soil and mesh pot, a soil and cell tray, a rock wool and a pot, a foamed phenol and a pot, a urethane sponge and a pot, a cotton fiber and a pot or a soil and a non-woven fabric. Plant production method.   The plant body manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the plant body support member is rock wool, foamed phenol, or urethane sponge.   The plant production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a sprouting plant is used as the plant in the preparation step.   The plant body manufacturing method of any one of Claims 5-8 which further includes the step of spraying a pesticide on a plant body.

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