JP2005040009A - Base watering type plant cultivation container - Google Patents

Base watering type plant cultivation container Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005040009A
JP2005040009A JP2003199838A JP2003199838A JP2005040009A JP 2005040009 A JP2005040009 A JP 2005040009A JP 2003199838 A JP2003199838 A JP 2003199838A JP 2003199838 A JP2003199838 A JP 2003199838A JP 2005040009 A JP2005040009 A JP 2005040009A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
water supply
water
plant cultivation
cultivation container
type plant
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JP2003199838A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Chikahisa Suzuki
親久 鈴木
Naoki Murabayashi
直樹 村林
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Mitsubishi Chemical MKV Co
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Mitsubishi Chemical MKV Co
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a base watering type plant cultivation container making it possible to easily supply an appropriate amount of water suitable for a plant body and weather without frequent watering in summer or in user's absence, free from concern about root rotten, or the like, of the plant body, and promoting growth of the plant body. <P>SOLUTION: This base watering type plant cultivation container has a plant cultivation part 1b and a water supply part 1a functioning as a receiving part of a water supply tank 2 or a water supply tank itself, and is structured as follows: a communicating water passage 10 is formed between the water supply part 1a and the plant cultivation part 1b so as to supply water from the water supply part 1a to the plant cultivation part 1b up to a predetermined water level through utilizing balance between atmospheric pressure and water pressure. The plant cultivation part 1b has the following structure: an upper layer 3 comprises culture soil, a bottom layer 5 comprises a water reservoir and an intermediate layer 4 between the upper layer and the lower layer comprises an airspace; at least partial ventilation is provided between the culture soil and the water reservoir; and an absorptive body 8 is at least partially set so as to be in contact with both of the culture soil and the water reservoir. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、植物を育てるための底面給水式の植物栽培容器及びそのセット、キットに関し、詳しくは、夏場や留守中などに頻繁に水やりを行わなくとも、簡単に、植物体や気象に合った適量の給水をおこなうことができ、かつ植物体の根グサレ等の心配がなく植物体の成長を促進することができる、コンパクトで持ち運びも可能な、底面給水式植物栽培容器及びそのセット、キットに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、野菜や花卉などの植物を、家庭のベランダやマンション屋上、学校などの屋内外で栽培するために、培地を入れた容器で植物を育てるいわゆるプランター植物栽培が多く行われている。
しかし、これらプランター植物栽培において、植物への給水作業はことのほか面倒で頻繁に行う必要があり、特に夏場や、長期の留守期間中に、プランター植物への給水作業をいかに行うかが一つの大きな問題である。
また、植物栽培の成功可否の鍵は、植物への水遣りにあると言われるが、確かに日中の温度や日差しの程度、植物の種類、成長度合いによって植物が消費する水の量は異なるため、水遣りを適量とするのが難しく、植物体の消費する水の量に応じて給水量を簡単に調整できる栽培容器が望まれている。
【0003】
近年、給水作業を簡便化する方法としては、タイマー式の自動給水装置を使用する方法や、簡易な自動給水器を用いる方法が挙げられている。しかしタイマー式の自動給水装置は、確実に水を供給する点は利点であるが、費用もかかり、また天候や植物の消費水量には関係なく一定量供給するので供給量が多すぎると植物の根グサレを誘発し、一方少なすぎると植物を枯らすおそれがある。
【0004】
また、簡易な自動給水器としては、ペットボトルの口部に穴をあけた円錐キャップを嵌めて、該円錐キャップを土に挿す方法(特許文献1)や、水を入れたペットボトルを倒立させて一定水位とした貯水槽から給水紐を利用して給水紐の一端を植木鉢の上面の土に埋めて上面から液を給水する水かけ装置(特許文献2)や、ネジ式注ぎ口のペットボトルとトレーの組み合わせによる着脱型鶏水飲み式の植木鉢用給水栽培器が提案されている(特許文献3)。しかし円錐キャップや給水紐を用いた方法では、培地の全面に給水することは無理であり、円錐キャップは適量の水を供給することが難しく、給水紐の場合は自体からの蒸散の問題がある。また特許文献3の装置では、培地の下部は常に水に浸漬するため、植物に根グサレが発生しやすく、植物の成長を阻害する問題がある。
一方、本発明者等は以前に、上面から給水した余剰の液を再循環する栽培容器について出願している(特許文献4、5)が、これらは上面から点滴や散布する方式の栽培容器であって給水作業自体は何ら簡便化されるものでなくその循環量も少なかった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】実用新案登録3040560号公報
【特許文献2】特開平10−191815号公報
【特許文献3】特開平11−69919号公報
【特許文献4】特開2000−270681号公報
【特許文献5】特開2003−33119号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って本発明は、簡易な容器を用いて、頻繁に水遣りを行わなくとも簡単に給水をすることができ、かつ、その給水量が植物体や気象に合った必要量の給水量であり、かつ植物体の根グサレ等の心配がなく、コンパクトで持ち運びも可能な、植物栽培容器を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の特徴は、1)植物を栽培するための植物栽培部(1b)と、給水用タンク(2)の受け部として又は自ら給水用タンクとして機能する給水部(1a)とを有する底面給水式植物栽培容器であって、
給水部(1a)と植物栽培部(1b)の間には連通した水路(10)が形成されており、給水部(1a)から植物栽培部(1b)へ、大気圧と水圧とのバランスを利用して一定した水位まで水が供給される構造を有してなり、
該植物栽培部(1b)は、上層(3)に培地、下層(5)に液溜、上層と下層の間の中層(4)に空気層が存するように構成されており、該培地と該空気層の間には少なくとも部分的に通気性があり、該培地と該液溜の双方に接する態様で吸水体(8)が少なくとも部分的に設置されてなることを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器、に存する。
【0008】
更に下記特徴を有する栽培容器、栽培容器のセットやキットに関する。
2)該給水部(1a)が自ら給水用タンクとして機能する底面給水式植物栽培容器であって、給水部を開閉可能な密閉蓋(12)と、連通水路(10)を密閉可能な遮断材(11)とが設けられてなることを特徴とする上記1)記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。
3)該給水部(1a)が給水用タンク(2)の受け部として機能する底面給水式植物栽培容器であって、給水用タンクを受け部に設置した際に、給水用タンクの口部に取り付けられた水ストッパー(2b)を解除する、ストッパー解除体(2c)が該給水部に設けられていることを特徴とする上記1)記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。
【0009】
4)該植物栽培部(1b)の底に、高さが液溜の水位より高く、表面に吸水体(8)を被せた、有孔中空体(9a)を一以上設置してなることを特徴とする上記1)ないし3)のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。
5)該植物栽培部(1b)の上層と中層の間に、有孔支持体(9b)を設置し、吸水体の一部は有孔支持体の上面に被せ、他の一部は液溜に接する態様で吸水体を設けてなることを特徴とする上記1)ないし3)のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。
6)該植物栽培部(1b)の底に複数の凸構造体(9c)が形成されてなり、吸水体(8)を凸構造体の少なくとも一部に被せてなることを特徴とする上記1)ないし3)のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。
7)吸水体(8)を、培地の底面のみに接触するように設けたことを特徴とする上記1)ないし6)のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。
8)該植物栽培部において、培地の下面となる部分に防根透水シートが設けられていることを特徴とする上記1)ないし7)記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。
【0010】
9)上記1)、3)から8)のいずれかに記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器(1)と、該容器の給水部に設置するための脱着可能な給水用タンク(2)とを有する底面給水式植物栽培容器セットであって、該給水用タンクには、底面又は側面の一定位置に水流出用の穴(2d)が形成されており、該穴には、給水部の受け部に設置すると解除される水ストッパー構造(2b)が設けられていることを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器セット。
10)該給水用タンクの大部分は、遮光部材で形成又は被覆されてなり、一部に、水位確認用の透明窓が設けられていることを特徴とする上記9)記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器セット。
11)上記1)、3)から8)のいずれかに記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器と、脱着可能な給水用タンクの口部に嵌めるためのキャップを有する底面給水式植物栽培容器セットであって、該キャップには、該キャップを嵌めた給水用タンクを植物栽培部の受け部に設置すると解除される水ストッパー構造が設けられていることを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器セット。
12)給水用タンクの受け部として若しくは自ら給水用タンクとして機能する給水部(1a)と、給水部と植物栽培部を連通する水路(10)と、植物栽培部(1b)に設置するための有孔中空体(9a)、有孔支持体(9b)及び凸構造体(9c)の何れかと、吸水体(8)と、を有することを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器を組み立てるためのキット、
13)給水部と植物栽培部を区切るための仕切り板と、植物栽培部(1b)に設置するための有孔中空体(9a)、有孔支持体(9b)及び凸構造体(9c)の何れかと、吸水体(8)と、を有することを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器組み立て用キット、に存する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
図1〜図3は、本発明の1例の栽培容器を示す図であり、図1は縦断面図の奥行き方向、図2は縦断面図の幅方向、図3は上部斜め方向から見た斜視図である。図4、図5は、栽培容器の植物栽培部の構成を変更した他の例を示す縦断面図の幅方向の図である。図6及び図7は、本発明の給水部の構成を変更した他の例を示す図であり、図6は、斜視図、図7は、縦断面図の奥行き方向を示す図である。図8〜図10は、栽培容器が丸型の場合の他の例を示す図であり、図8は上面から見た図、図9は横から見た断面図、図10はその斜視図である。図11は、本発明の装置の給水部と植物栽培部が連通して形成された一例を示す上面から見た図である。
【0012】
図12及び図13は、給水用タンクの2つの例を示す図であり、図14〜図18は、給水用タンクやキャップのストッパー構造の例を示す図である。
【0013】
<植物栽培容器>
本発明の植物栽培容器は、基本的に底面給水式の植物栽培容器(以下、プランター容器ともいう)(1)であり、プランター容器(1)は、給水部(1a)と、植物を栽培するための植物栽培部(1b)とから構成され、給水部と植物栽培部はその一部が、水が流通する水路(10)を通じて連通していることを必須とする。給水部(1a)と植物栽培部(1b)は図1などに示すように、一体に形成してもよいし、図11に示すように、連通する水路部材(10)を通じて着脱可能に連通するように形成してもよい。この場合水路部材はプラスチック管やゴム管等で構成される。
【0014】
一体に形成する具体例としては、通常のプランター内部を図1〜図3に示すように給水部(1a)と植物栽培部(1b)とになるように、間を仕切り板で分離する形が挙げられる。ただし該給水用タンクの受け部と該植物栽培部との間(仕切り板)の一定位置以下(後述する植物栽培部の液溜の水位以下)には、連通する水路用の穴(10)が形成されており、水が、給水部(1a)から植物栽培部(1b)の液溜(5)に移動する。
【0015】
<一定水位供給構造>
本発明のプランター容器では、大気圧と水圧のバランスを利用して、給水部(1a)から植物栽培部(1b)の一定した水位まで、常に水が供給される構造、いわゆる鵜水飲み原理を応用した構造を有していることを必須とし、具体的には大きく2つの態様の構成が採用される。
その1の態様は、a)着脱可能な給水用タンク(2)を受ける受け部をプランター容器の給水部(1b)に設置して、水を供給する構成であり、b)他の1態様は、図6、7に示すように、プランター容器の給水部(1b)自体を密閉可能なタンクとする構成である。
【0016】
<給水用タンクを用いる態様>
まず前者の構成につき、図1〜図3、図12〜図18等を参照に説明する。
着脱可能な給水用タンク(2)としては、取り外した際には、補給用の水(本発明では、植物栽培に必要な液肥を含む意味で用いる。)を入れることが出来て、かつ、プランター容器の給水部(1a)、即ち受け部に設置したときには、プランター容器の一定位置(水位)まで水を流出し、水位が減った場合には、その量に応じて水を補給して一定水位を保持できる構造であれば、任意に採用される。即ち一定位置のみに水の流出口がある密閉容器である。例えば、飲料用ペットボトル等の空容器を利用して、ペットボトルを少し加工して利用してもよいし、又は水ストッパー付きキャップを嵌めて利用することができる。
【0017】
具体的にはたとえば、▲1▼ペットボトルのように口部のみに流出入口を有する密閉容器を倒立させて、開放した口部を底から一定位置上になるように固定する構造や、▲2▼図12に示すように、密閉した給水用タンクの側面の一定位置に水流出用の穴(2d)を形成し、倒立した構造が挙げられる。
【0018】
これらの構造によれば、流出した水の水位が、開放口部の位置や穴(2d)の上位置に達すると、大気圧と水圧の均衡が保たれて水の流出が停止し、水位が下がると、水が流出されるため、プランター容器の一定位置まで水を供給することが可能となる。
【0019】
また、▲1▼の応用として、▲3▼給水用タンクを倒立させて受け部に設置するまでの間に、開放口部や穴から流出する水を防止するために、図13に示すように、給水用タンクの口部に、水ストッパー(2b)を設けておき、水補給後、口部を単に下に向けただけでは水が流れ出ないが、口部を植物栽培部の受け部にセットすると、受け部の中央部に設置された棒状等のストッパー解除体(2c)の作用により、水ストッパーが外れて、液が給水用タンクから流れ出る構造としたものでもよい。特に、給水用タンクの口部に嵌めるキャップに該水ストッパー(2b)を設けておくことが好ましい。
【0020】
水ストッパーの構造としては、図14に示すようなラムネ瓶の構造、図15のようなバネ利用構造、図16のような密閉シール(2b)構造、図18のような弁構造を利用することができる。図17の構造は、水流出用の穴(2d)を一定位置に有して、通常位置では水流出用の穴を塞ぐストッパー球(2b)を内部に有するチューブ体(2e)を給水用タンクの内部に挿入してなるキャップ構造である。
【0021】
更に、上記の場合の水供給においては液溜の水位はこの穴(2d)の位置により決定されるため、植物や天候に応じてその一定水位の位置を上下するための簡便な方法として、給水部(1a)の受け部に、図17、図18に示す積み木方式の台(2f)を設けてその数で調整する構造が好ましく挙げられる。
【0022】
なお、給水用タンクとして、ペットボトルのように透明な材質のものを用いると、水の残量が簡易に判り、かつ太陽光により水の殺菌効果も期待できる。一方、給水用タンクを遮光部材で形成し、又はペットボトル等の透明材質のものを遮光部材で被覆し、図13に示すように部分的に透明な水位確認用窓(2a)を設けるものを用いると、青藻の発生を抑制することができるので好ましい。
【0023】
<給水部自体が給水タンクとなる態様>
プランター容器の給水部(1a)自体が給水タンクとなる構造としては、図6、図7の態様が挙げられる。すなわち給水部には密閉可能な蓋(12)を設けてなり、給水部(1a)と植物栽培部(1b)の間の連通水路(10)を密閉遮断可能な遮断材(11)を有する構造である。
【0024】
補給用の水を入れる際には、給水部(1a)と植物栽培部(1b)の間の連通水路(10)を、遮断材(11)を用いて(例えば下にスライドさせて)密閉遮断し、給水部(1a)の蓋(12)を開けて給水部に水を入れる。
その後、給水部(1a)の蓋(12)を閉めて密閉し、遮断材(11)を上にスライドして、連通水路(10)をあけると、水は給水部(1a)から植物栽培部(1b)へ流出し、水位が連通水路(10)の上部に達すると、大気圧と水圧のバランスが均衡して水流出が停止することにより、一定水位の水が植物栽培部(1b)に供給される。
【0025】
<植物栽培部の構成>
本発明のプランター容器(1)の植物栽培部(1b)は、上層に植物栽培用培地(3)、下層に一定水位以下の液溜(5)、その上層と下層の中間の中層に空気層(4)が存するように構成であることを必須とする。また、培地(3)と空気層(4)の間は少なくとも一部が通気性があること、また、培地(3)と液溜(5)の双方に接する態様で吸水体(8)が少なくとも部分的に設置されていることを必須とする。
【0026】
本発明の栽培容器を用いた栽培方法においては、培地と液溜の間に空気層(4)が存在し、かつ培地との間に通気性があることにより、培地に植えられた植物の根に十分な空気が付与されることにより、植物の根グサレが防止され、植物の成長も飛躍的に向上する。
更に、吸水体(8)の毛細管現象により、液溜(5)の水が常に培地に供給されることにより、十分な植物体への水供給が可能となり、しかも培地や植物の乾きに応じた適量の水供給が可能である。また、植物の消費により液溜の水量が減少する都度、給水部(1a)から新鮮な水が供給される。
なお、液溜(5)の水位(H)は、給水部に設置する給水用タンク(2)の水流出口(2b)の位置、又は給水部自体が給水用タンクとして機能する場合には連通水路(10)の開口上端位置を調整することにより、適宜調整することが可能なので、植物種や植物の生育状態によってその水位高さを変更できる。
【0027】
具体的な植物栽培部の構造としては、▲1▼図2に示すように、表面に空気と水の流通孔を有しその高さが液溜の水位(H)以上ある、網管のような有孔中空体(9a)を1以上プランター容器の植物栽培部(1b)の底に設置し、有孔中空体(9a)の少なくとも一部外表面に、吸水体(8)を被せて吸水体の一部は培地の下面に接し、一部は液溜に接する構造、▲2▼図4、図8、図9に示すように、培地と空気層の境位置に空気の流通孔を有する金網などの有孔支持体(9b)を設置し、その金網の一部に切り込みを入れるなどして吸水体を一部は有孔支持体の上面に被せて培地の下面に接するようにし、一部は液溜(5)に接するように垂らす構造、▲3▼図5に示すように、その高さが液溜の水位(H)以上ある、複数の凸構造体(9c)をプランター容器の植物栽培部(1b)の底に形成し(好ましくは凸構造体をプランター容器と一体に成形し)、吸水体をその凸構造体(9c)の少なくとも一部に被せて、培地と液溜に接する構造などが挙げられる。
【0028】
有孔中空体(9a)の断面形状は円形に限らず四角形状、逆U字形状、逆角溝形等種々の形状を採用できる。凸構造体(9c)の形状も、横断面で見た場合に長方形状、台形状、V字状等種々の形状を採用できるが常に凸構造体の間に一定の空間が存在すれば形状や高さが一定である必要はない。本発明でいう有孔中空体(9a)と有孔支持体(9b)の孔とは、いわゆるメッシュ状物に設けられた孔(丸や四角)だけでなく、すのこ状物に設けられた線状の空間など任意形状の空間も意味するものである。1mm〜3cmの直径又は角の孔が好ましい。
【0029】
また有孔中空体(9a)、有孔支持体(9b)、凸構造体(9c)の材質は、プラスチック製、木製、金網製、陶製、発泡スチロール製など種々挙げられるが、耐水性、培地を支持するための強度を有し、かつなるべく軽量のものを用いると良い。なお、プランター容器自体の材質も同様である。
【0030】
いずれの構造においても、培地(3)と液溜(5)の間に常に空気層(4)が形成され、かつ培地と空気層の間に少なくとも部分的に通気性があることが必要である。植物栽培容器の大きさや栽培する植物によっても変化するが、好ましくは、培地の底面積A(m2)に対して、培地に接する空気層の上面積合計B(m2)の比(B/A)が0.2〜0.95が好ましく、更に好ましくは0.3〜0.85であることが好ましい。また、培地の体積C(m3)に対する空気層全体の体積D(m3)の比(D/C)は好ましくは0.1〜1.0、更に好ましくは0.2〜0.8であるとよい。
【0031】
本発明における吸水体(8)とは、植物体の培地に水を下面から供給するために必須の構成要素である。吸水体としては水(液肥)を毛細管現象により吸い上げる作用を有するものであればよく、例えば天然繊維や合成繊維などで作られた不織布や織布などの布や紐が挙げられる。
【0032】
吸水体(8)は、液溜(5)と、培地(3)に接するように少なくとも部分的に設けられていればよい。培地に接触する態様としては、培地(3)の下面に接する態様と、培地(3)の側面に接する態様と、その併用とが挙げられるが、下面のみに接する態様が、植物根に対する水や空気の供給のバランスがよいためか植物体の成長度合いが好ましい。
【0033】
吸水体(8)は、培地の下面の全面に接する必要はなく、好ましくは部分的に、培地の下面面積A(m2)に対して10%〜95%の面積比、更に好ましくは20%〜80%の面積比で接するように設けるとよい。また、通常は培地を支える透水防根シート(3a)を介して培地と接触する。
【0034】
好ましく用いる透水防根シート(3a)とは、培地の下面に敷くことで培地や根が下方の液溜に直接浸かったり、混ざらないようにするためのシートであり、培地と植物根を通さず、水や空気を通す作用のシートであればよく、例えばポリエステル繊維等のネット素材、不織布素材を用いることができる。特に好ましくは、培地を支持張設するために強度があるとよい。更に透水防根シートだけでなく、更に強度があるが目が粗い強度ネットを防根シートと共に用いて培地を支えてもよい。
【0035】
本発明の植物栽培容器を用いて栽培する際に用いる培地(3)としては、通常の有機栽培用の土を用いてもよいし、ロックウールやピートモスやヤシガラなどの無機又は有機繊維材料を用いてもよい。必要に応じて他の物質や肥料等を添加したものを用いることができる。
【0036】
また本発明の水としては、水単独でもよいし、水に栽培植物に応じて必要な栄養肥料を添加した液肥を用いてもよい。本発明では液肥を含む意味で水という。本発明の植物栽培容器では、通常のプランター栽培が上面から水を供給するのとは異なり、水は培地の底面から供給されるため、培地の成分が流出しにくく、かつ水は常に清潔である。また、都度水遣りを行う栽培方法では、液肥の成分調整は面倒であるが、本発明では、液肥の混合割合を予め調整した水を給水用タンクに入れてセットするだけなので、植物種やその成長度合いに応じた液肥の調整が簡単に出来て好ましい。
【0037】
他のプランター容器の好ましい具体的な構造としては、植物栽培部(1b)の液溜より上の空間層に相当する部分の容器側面に、雨水などが流入した場合に培地が浸水しないための、雨水余剰液排出穴(6)を設けることが挙げられる。また栽培終了時などに液を排出するための液排出穴(7)を容器の底近くの側面に設けることが挙げられる。この液排出穴は通常閉めておく。
【0038】
本発明の植物栽培容器は、底面から植物栽培に必要な水を給水する底面給水式植物栽培容器であり、その形状は、従来のプランター容器に見られる長方形状、円形状、その他意匠性を有した形状の容器を採用することができる。
【0039】
同様に給水用タンクの形状としても、単なるペットボトル形状だけでなく、動物や人形の形状を模した意匠性を有する形状のタンクを採用できる。この形状は給水用タンクに被せる遮光シートに採用してもよい。
【0040】
更に、本発明の植物栽培容器セットとは、上記の本発明のプランター容器と給水用タンクのセット、プランター容器と給水用タンクの口部に嵌めるためのキャップのセット、プランター容器と、透水防根シートに包まれた培地のセット、プランター容器と、透水防根シートに包まれた培地及び植物種のセット、である。これらはプランター容器を用いた家庭や学校での簡易な植物栽培を可能とするものであり、実用上好ましい。
また、栽培部(1b)の容器自体は通常のプランター容器を容器して本発明のの植物栽培容器を組み立てるためのキットとして、給水用タンクの受け部として又は自ら給水用タンクとして機能する給水部(1a)と、連結用の水路部材(10a)と、有孔中空体(2a)か有孔支持体(2b)か凸構造体(2c)かのいずれかと、吸水体(8)を組み合わせたキットが連結用タイプとして挙げられる。
または、給水部と植物栽培部とを区切るための仕切り板と、植物栽培部(1b)に設置するための有孔中空体(9a)か有孔支持体(9b)か凸構造体(9c)の何れかと、吸水体(8)と、を有することを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器組み立て用キットが一体形成タイプとして挙げられる。
【0041】
【実施例】
(実施例1、2及び比較例1)
図1、図2、図3に示す構造の栽培容器を用いて、ベンリナ、サニーレタスの栽培実験を行った。
<プランター容器の構造>
幅25×長さ60×高さ20(cm)のプランター容器を、底面から約5cmの位置に水路(10)用穴がある仕切り板で区切り、植物栽培部(1b)と給水部(1a)を構成した。
給水部(1a)には、給水用タンクとして2リットル入りペットボトル(2)2本に、口部から5cmの位置に孔(2d)を空けたものを倒立し、遮光のためアルミシートで覆ったものを使用した。
そのため、液溜の一定水位は5cmであり、プランターの底部には約6リッター、ペットボトルには4リッターの液肥が保有できる。
【0042】
植物栽培部(1b)の底に、約3〜4mm角の多数の孔を(表面孔空き率約40%の割合で)有する中空円管(以下コルゲート管という)であって、直径が8cmの管を1本容器の真中に設置し、その両側に直径7cmのコルゲート管を1本づつ設置した。そのため、空気層は、最大で3cmの高さ確保される。
その上に、防根透水シートを下面に敷いた培地(ヤシガラを10容量%混合した)を約8cmの高さに設けて、植物を栽培した。
【0043】
また、容器として、下記3種類のタイプを用意した。
▲1▼実施例1(底面給水):3つのうち中央の中空体の表面のみを吸水体で覆った。(図2参照)
▲2▼実施例2(底面+側面給水):中央の有孔中空体のみを吸水布で覆い、かつ、植物栽培部の容器の内側側面に吸水布を敷いた。(図4参照)
▲3▼比較例1(従来タイプ):有孔中空体を使わずに植物栽培部に直に培地を設け、培地を直接液溜につけた。
【0044】
<栽培実験>
ベンリナ・サニーレタスを一つの容器に半分づつ播種又は定植し、約2ヶ月間栽培した。
ベンリナ:10月15日播種、12月10日収穫
サニーレタス:10月17日播種、11月26日収穫
その結果、比較例1の▲3▼の容器を使用した場合、栽培開始後すぐ植物の生育が悪くなり、数日で枯れ始め、収穫に適さなかった。培地を取り出し根の状態を確認したところ根グサレを生じていた。
【0045】
一方、実施例1と実施例2で消費された水の量を表1に、植物生育量を表2に示すが、いずれも最初に容器液溜+ペットボトル合計で約10リットルの水(液肥)をセットしてはじめた場合、10日に一回給水用タンクに補給するだけで、十分であることが確認された。なお、プランター容器の液溜にも約6リットルの保有があるため、実際には10日以上の給水でも問題ない。また、天候や植物の生長度合いに応じて水の消費量が異なることも確認された。
【0046】
実施例1と実施例2では、植物の生育性もいずれも良好であったが、特に実施例1の▲1▼の容器を用いた植物体は、収穫量が10%も増大し、植物根も均一で高密度で発生し、栽培終了後の培地裏の根の成長も良好で、水の消費量も旺盛で、極めて良好な結果が得られた。
【0047】
【表1】

Figure 2005040009
【0048】
【表2】
Figure 2005040009
【発明の効果】
本発明の底面給水式植物栽培容器及びそのセット、キットによれば、以下のような種々の利点が得られる。従ってこの栽培容器は、一般家庭菜園や学校教材、また一般農家における植物の栽培において、有機栽培や養液栽培を簡便に行うのに適している。また農業試験用としても、各種成分の過剰、欠乏症状の試験への供試に最適である。
▲1▼頻繁に水遣りを行わず一定期間放置しておいても、10日に一回程度の水の補給で植物栽培が可能である。従って家庭や学校における簡便な植物栽培や、特に夏場や長期の留守時の給水に適している。
▲2▼培地と液溜の間には空気層が常に存在するので、作物の根腐れの発生を抑えることができる。また、培地や根が直接液に浸からずに、植物根に直接十分な液を継続的に常に、吸水体の毛管現象により適宜供給できるので、植物体そのものの成長が極めて良好となる。
▲3▼植物体に対する水の給水が、一定量ではなく、植物体や気象に合った植物体の必要量に応じた量であるため、水遣りによる植物栽培の失敗がない。
▲4▼液溜及び給水用タンク内の水や液肥の種類や量は、作物の種類や生育ステージに応じて簡単に変更調節可能である。また、水や液肥の消費量も一目で把握可能である。
▲5▼給水を上面から培地を経由して行うのではなく培地の下面から行うので、土中の養分の溶出が少ない。また常に新鮮な水と空気の供給が可能であり病害が発生しにくい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の容器の一例を示す奥行きを示す縦断面図
【図2】本発明の容器の一例を示す幅方向を示す縦断面図
【図3】本発明の容器の一例を示す斜視図
【図4】本発明の容器の他例を示す幅方向を示す縦断面図
【図5】本発明の容器の他例を示す幅方向を示す縦断面図
【図6】本発明の給水部が自ら給水タンクである構成例を示す斜視図
【図7】本発明の給水部が自ら給水タンクである構成例の奥行きを示す縦断面図
【図8】本発明の丸型容器の場合の例を示す上面図
【図9】本発明の丸型容器の場合の例を示す横断面図
【図10】本発明の丸型容器の場合の例を示す斜視図
【図11】本発明の給水部と植物栽培部が連通路で連結した例を示す上面図
【図12】本発明の給水用タンクの一例を示す縦断面図
【図13】本発明の給水用タンクの一例を示す縦断面図
【図14】本発明のキャップのラムネ型のストッパー構造を示す縦断面図
【図15】本発明のキャップのバネ型のストッパー構造を示す縦断面図
【図16】本発明のキャップのシール型のストッパー構造を示す縦断面図
【図17】本発明のキャップの特殊なストッパー構造を示す縦断面図
【図18】本発明のキャップの弁型のストッパー構造を示す縦断面図
【符号の説明】
1・・プランター容器(植物栽培容器)、1a・・給水部、1b・・植物栽培部、2・・給水用タンク、2a・・水位確認用窓、2b・・水ストッパー構造、2c・・ストッパー解除体、2d・・水流出用の穴、2e・・チューブ体、2f・・積木型位置調節用台、3・・培地、3a・・防根透水シート、4・・空気層、5・・液溜、6・・余剰液排出穴、7・・液排出穴、8・・吸水体、9a・・有孔中空体、9b・・有孔支持体、9c・・凸部構造体、10・・連通水路、11・・遮断材、12・・密閉蓋[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bottom water supply type plant cultivation container and its set and kit for growing plants, and more specifically, it can be easily adapted to the plant body and the weather without frequent watering in summer or away. A compact and portable bottom water supply type plant cultivation container and its set, kit that can supply an appropriate amount of water and can promote the growth of the plant without worrying about roots of the plant. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in order to cultivate plants such as vegetables and flower buds indoors and outdoors such as at home verandas, condominium rooftops, and schools, so-called planter plant cultivation in which plants are grown in containers containing a medium has been carried out.
However, in planter plant cultivation, it is necessary to perform water supply work to the plant in addition to troublesome and frequent, especially how to perform water supply work to the planter plant especially in the summer or during a long absence period. It is a big problem.
The key to success in plant cultivation is said to be watering the plant, but the amount of water consumed by the plant varies depending on the temperature of the day, the degree of sunlight, the type of plant, and the degree of growth. Therefore, it is difficult to make an appropriate amount of watering, and a cultivation container capable of easily adjusting the amount of water supply according to the amount of water consumed by the plant body is desired.
[0003]
In recent years, methods for simplifying water supply work include a method using a timer-type automatic water supply device and a method using a simple automatic water supply device. However, the timer-type automatic water supply device is advantageous in that it supplies water reliably, but it is also expensive, and a constant amount is supplied regardless of the weather and the amount of water consumed by the plant. Root roots are induced, while if too little, plants may die.
[0004]
In addition, as a simple automatic water dispenser, a method of inserting a conical cap with a hole in the mouth of a plastic bottle and inserting the conical cap into the soil (Patent Document 1), or inverting a plastic bottle filled with water A watering device (Patent Document 2) that fills one end of the water supply string in the soil on the upper surface of the flowerpot using a water supply string from a water tank with a constant water level, and a plastic bottle with a screw-type spout A detachable chicken water-drinking water supply planter for flower pots in combination with a tray has been proposed (Patent Document 3). However, in the method using a conical cap or a water supply string, it is impossible to supply water to the entire surface of the culture medium, and it is difficult for the conical cap to supply an appropriate amount of water. In the case of a water supply string, there is a problem of transpiration from itself. . Moreover, in the apparatus of patent document 3, since the lower part of a culture medium is always immersed in water, there is a problem that root gusset is easily generated in a plant and the growth of the plant is inhibited.
On the other hand, the present inventors have previously applied for a cultivation container that recirculates surplus liquid supplied from the upper surface (Patent Documents 4 and 5), but these are cultivation containers that are drip or sprayed from the upper surface. The water supply operation itself was not simplified at all, and the circulation amount was small.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] Utility Model Registration No. 3040560
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-191815
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-11-69919
[Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-270681
[Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-33119
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention can use a simple container to supply water easily without frequent watering, and the amount of water supply is a required amount of water suitable for plants and weather, and An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation container that is compact and can be carried without worrying about the roots of the plant body.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The features of the present invention are as follows: 1) A bottom water supply having a plant cultivation part (1b) for cultivating a plant and a water supply part (1a) functioning as a receiving part of the water supply tank (2) or as a water supply tank. A plant cultivation container,
A communicating water channel (10) is formed between the water supply unit (1a) and the plant cultivation unit (1b), and the balance between atmospheric pressure and water pressure is transferred from the water supply unit (1a) to the plant cultivation unit (1b). It has a structure in which water is supplied to a constant water level using it,
The plant cultivation part (1b) is configured such that a medium is present in the upper layer (3), a liquid reservoir is present in the lower layer (5), and an air layer is present in the middle layer (4) between the upper layer and the lower layer. A water-supplying bottom plant characterized by being at least partially air permeable between the air layers, and having a water absorbent (8) at least partially installed in a manner in contact with both the medium and the liquid reservoir. Cultivated container.
[0008]
Furthermore, it is related with the cultivation container which has the following characteristics, and the set and kit of a cultivation container.
2) Bottom water supply type plant cultivation container in which the water supply unit (1a) functions as a water supply tank itself, a sealing lid (12) capable of opening and closing the water supply unit, and a blocking material capable of sealing the communication channel (10) (11) is provided, The bottom surface water supply type plant cultivation container of said 1) characterized by the above-mentioned.
3) The water supply part (1a) is a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container that functions as a receiving part of the water supply tank (2), and when the water supply tank is installed in the receiving part, the mouth of the water supply tank The bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container according to 1) above, wherein a stopper releasing body (2c) for releasing the attached water stopper (2b) is provided in the water supply section.
[0009]
4) One or more perforated hollow bodies (9a) having a height higher than the water level of the liquid reservoir and covered with a water absorbent (8) on the surface are installed on the bottom of the plant cultivation part (1b). The bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container as described in any one of 1) to 3) above.
5) A perforated support (9b) is installed between the upper layer and the middle layer of the plant cultivation part (1b), a part of the water absorbent is covered on the top surface of the perforated support, and the other part is a liquid reservoir. The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of the above 1) to 3), wherein a water absorbing body is provided in a manner in contact with the bottom.
6) A plurality of convex structures (9c) are formed on the bottom of the plant cultivation part (1b), and the water absorbing body (8) is covered over at least a part of the convex structures. The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of items 1) to 3).
7) The bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of 1) to 6) above, wherein the water-absorbing body (8) is provided so as to contact only the bottom surface of the medium.
8) The bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of 1) to 7) above, wherein a root-proof water-permeable sheet is provided in a portion which becomes a lower surface of the culture medium in the plant cultivation section.
[0010]
9) The bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container (1) according to any one of 1), 3) to 8) above, and a detachable water supply tank (2) for installation in the water supply section of the container A bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container set, wherein the water supply tank is formed with a water outflow hole (2d) at a fixed position on the bottom surface or the side surface. A bottom water supply type plant cultivation container set characterized in that a water stopper structure (2b) that is released when installed is provided.
10) The bottom water supply type plant according to 9) above, wherein most of the water supply tank is formed or covered with a light shielding member, and a transparent window for water level confirmation is provided in part. Cultivation container set.
11) A bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container set according to any one of the above 1), 3) to 8), and a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container set having a cap for fitting into a mouth of a detachable water supply tank. A bottom water supply type plant cultivation container set, wherein the cap is provided with a water stopper structure that is released when a water supply tank fitted with the cap is installed in a receiving part of the plant cultivation unit.
12) For installing in the water supply part (1a) which functions as a receiving part of a water supply tank or as a water supply tank, a water channel (10) communicating the water supply part and the plant cultivation part, and a plant cultivation part (1b) For assembling a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container characterized by having a perforated hollow body (9a), a perforated support body (9b) and a convex structure (9c), and a water absorbing body (8). kit,
13) A partition plate for separating the water supply section and the plant cultivation section, and a perforated hollow body (9a), a perforated support body (9b) and a convex structure (9c) for installation in the plant cultivation section (1b). It exists in the bottom water supply type plant cultivation container assembly kit characterized by having any and a water absorbing body (8).
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
1-3 is a figure which shows the cultivation container of one example of this invention, FIG. 1 was seen from the depth direction of the longitudinal cross-sectional view, FIG. 2 was the width direction of the longitudinal cross-sectional view, and FIG. It is a perspective view. 4 and 5 are diagrams in the width direction of a longitudinal sectional view showing another example in which the configuration of the plant cultivation unit of the cultivation container is changed. 6 and 7 are diagrams showing another example in which the configuration of the water supply unit of the present invention is changed, FIG. 6 is a perspective view, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the depth direction of the longitudinal sectional view. 8-10 is a figure which shows the other example in case a cultivation container is a round shape, FIG. 8 is the figure seen from the upper surface, FIG. 9 is sectional drawing seen from the side, FIG. 10 is the perspective view. is there. FIG. 11 is a top view showing an example in which a water supply unit and a plant cultivation unit of the apparatus of the present invention are formed to communicate with each other.
[0012]
12 and 13 are diagrams showing two examples of the water supply tank, and FIGS. 14 to 18 are diagrams showing examples of the stopper structure of the water supply tank and the cap.
[0013]
<Plant cultivation container>
The plant cultivation container of the present invention is basically a bottom water supply type plant cultivation container (hereinafter also referred to as a planter container) (1), and the planter container (1) grows a water supply unit (1a) and a plant. It consists of the plant cultivation part (1b) for this, and it is essential that the water supply part and the plant cultivation part are connected in part through the water channel (10) through which water distribute | circulates. The water supply unit (1a) and the plant cultivation unit (1b) may be integrally formed as shown in FIG. 1 or the like, or communicated detachably through the communicating water channel member (10) as shown in FIG. You may form as follows. In this case, the water channel member is formed of a plastic tube, a rubber tube, or the like.
[0014]
As a specific example to form integrally, the form which isolate | separates between with a partition plate so that a normal planter inside may become a water supply part (1a) and a plant cultivation part (1b) as shown in FIGS. 1-3. Can be mentioned. However, there is a communicating water channel hole (10) below the fixed position (partition plate) between the receiving part of the water supply tank and the plant cultivation part (below the water level of the liquid reservoir of the plant cultivation part described later). It is formed and water moves from the water supply part (1a) to the liquid reservoir (5) of the plant cultivation part (1b).
[0015]
<Constant water level supply structure>
In the planter container of the present invention, utilizing the balance between atmospheric pressure and water pressure, a structure in which water is always supplied from the water supply section (1a) to a constant water level of the plant cultivation section (1b), the so-called water drinking principle is applied. It is essential to have such a structure, and specifically, the configuration of two aspects is largely adopted.
The first aspect is a) a configuration in which a receiving part for receiving a detachable water supply tank (2) is installed in the water supply part (1b) of the planter container to supply water, and b) the other one aspect is 6 and 7, the water supply part (1b) of the planter container itself is a sealable tank.
[0016]
<Mode using water supply tank>
First, the former configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS.
As the detachable water supply tank (2), when it is removed, water for replenishment (in the present invention, it is meant to include liquid fertilizer necessary for plant cultivation) and a planter can be used. When installed in the water supply part (1a) of the container, that is, the receiving part, water flows out to a certain position (water level) of the planter container, and when the water level decreases, water is replenished according to the amount and the constant water level Any structure can be adopted as long as the structure can hold. That is, it is a sealed container having a water outlet only at a certain position. For example, an empty container such as a plastic bottle for beverages may be used by processing the plastic bottle a little, or it may be used by fitting a cap with a water stopper.
[0017]
Specifically, for example, (1) a structure in which a closed container having an outflow inlet only at the mouth portion is inverted like a PET bottle, and the opened mouth portion is fixed so as to be at a certain position from the bottom; As shown in FIG. 12, a water outflow hole (2d) is formed at a fixed position on the side surface of a sealed water supply tank, and an inverted structure is exemplified.
[0018]
According to these structures, when the water level of the spilled water reaches the position of the open mouth or the position above the hole (2d), the balance between the atmospheric pressure and the water pressure is maintained, the outflow of water stops, and the water level When the water drops, the water flows out, so that the water can be supplied to a certain position of the planter container.
[0019]
Also, as an application of (1), (3) in order to prevent water flowing out from the opening and hole until the water supply tank is inverted and installed in the receiving part, as shown in FIG. A water stopper (2b) is provided at the mouth of the water supply tank. After replenishing the water, the mouth does not flow out simply by turning the mouth down, but the mouth is set in the receiving part of the plant cultivation part. Then, a structure in which the water stopper is detached and the liquid flows out from the water supply tank by the action of a stopper release body (2c) such as a rod installed at the center of the receiving portion may be used. In particular, it is preferable to provide the water stopper (2b) on a cap that fits into the mouth of the water supply tank.
[0020]
As the structure of the water stopper, the structure of the ramune bottle as shown in FIG. 14, the structure using the spring as shown in FIG. 15, the hermetic seal (2b) structure as shown in FIG. 16, and the valve structure as shown in FIG. Can do. The structure shown in FIG. 17 has a water supply tank having a tube body (2e) having a stopper ball (2b) inside which has a water outflow hole (2d) at a fixed position and closes the water outflow hole at a normal position. It is a cap structure formed by being inserted into the inside.
[0021]
Furthermore, in the water supply in the above case, the water level of the liquid reservoir is determined by the position of this hole (2d). Therefore, as a simple method for raising and lowering the position of the constant water level according to the plant and the weather, water supply A structure in which a block-type platform (2f) shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 is provided in the receiving portion of the portion (1a) and adjusted by the number thereof is preferable.
[0022]
In addition, when a transparent material such as a PET bottle is used as the water supply tank, the remaining amount of water can be easily understood, and the sterilizing effect of water by sunlight can be expected. On the other hand, a water supply tank is formed of a light shielding member, or a transparent material such as a plastic bottle is covered with a light shielding member, and a partially transparent water level confirmation window (2a) is provided as shown in FIG. When used, the generation of blue algae can be suppressed, which is preferable.
[0023]
<Mode in which the water supply section itself becomes a water supply tank>
Examples of the structure in which the water supply part (1a) of the planter container itself is a water supply tank include the modes shown in FIGS. In other words, the water supply section is provided with a sealable lid (12), and has a blocking material (11) capable of sealing and blocking the communication channel (10) between the water supply section (1a) and the plant cultivation section (1b). It is.
[0024]
When supplying water for replenishment, the communication water channel (10) between the water supply unit (1a) and the plant cultivation unit (1b) is hermetically blocked using a blocking material (11) (for example, sliding down). Then, the lid (12) of the water supply unit (1a) is opened and water is poured into the water supply unit.
Then, when the lid (12) of the water supply unit (1a) is closed and sealed, the blocking material (11) is slid upward and the communication channel (10) is opened, water is supplied from the water supply unit (1a) to the plant cultivation unit. When the water level flows out to (1b) and the water level reaches the upper part of the communication channel (10), the balance between the atmospheric pressure and the water pressure is balanced and the water outflow stops, so that water at a certain water level is transferred to the plant cultivation part (1b). Supplied.
[0025]
<Configuration of plant cultivation department>
The plant cultivation part (1b) of the planter container (1) of the present invention comprises a plant cultivation medium (3) in the upper layer, a liquid reservoir (5) below a certain water level in the lower layer, and an air layer in the middle layer between the upper and lower layers. It is essential that the configuration is such that (4) exists. Further, at least part of the medium (3) and the air layer (4) is air permeable, and the water absorber (8) is at least in contact with both the medium (3) and the liquid reservoir (5). It must be partially installed.
[0026]
In the cultivation method using the cultivation container of the present invention, there is an air layer (4) between the medium and the liquid reservoir, and there is air permeability between the medium and the root of the plant planted in the medium. By applying sufficient air to the plant, the root gusset of the plant is prevented, and the growth of the plant is dramatically improved.
Furthermore, due to the capillary action of the water-absorbing body (8), the water in the liquid reservoir (5) is always supplied to the medium, so that sufficient water can be supplied to the plant body, and the medium and plants are dried. An appropriate amount of water can be supplied. Moreover, fresh water is supplied from the water supply unit (1a) each time the amount of water in the liquid reservoir decreases due to consumption of plants.
In addition, the water level (H) of the liquid reservoir (5) is a communication channel when the water outlet (2b) of the water supply tank (2) installed in the water supply unit or the water supply unit itself functions as a water supply tank. Since it can adjust suitably by adjusting the opening upper end position of (10), the water level height can be changed with the plant species and the growth state of a plant.
[0027]
As a specific plant cultivation part structure, (1) as shown in Fig. 2, the surface has air and water circulation holes and the height is higher than the water level (H) of the liquid reservoir, such as a net tube One or more perforated hollow bodies (9a) are installed on the bottom of the plant cultivation part (1b) of the planter container, and at least part of the outer surface of the perforated hollow body (9a) is covered with the water absorbent (8) to absorb the water absorbent. Is partly in contact with the bottom surface of the medium and part is in contact with the liquid reservoir. (2) As shown in FIGS. 4, 8, and 9, a wire mesh having air circulation holes at the boundary between the medium and the air layer A perforated support (9b) is installed, and a part of the wire mesh is cut, so that a part of the water absorbing body is covered with the upper surface of the perforated support so as to be in contact with the lower surface of the medium. Is a structure that hangs in contact with the liquid reservoir (5), and (3) a plurality of convex structures whose height is higher than the water level (H) of the liquid reservoir as shown in FIG. 9c) is formed on the bottom of the plant cultivation part (1b) of the planter container (preferably a convex structure is formed integrally with the planter container), and a water absorbing body is put on at least a part of the convex structure (9c). And a structure in contact with the medium and the liquid reservoir.
[0028]
The cross-sectional shape of the perforated hollow body (9a) is not limited to a circle, and various shapes such as a square shape, an inverted U shape, and an inverted square groove shape can be adopted. As the shape of the convex structure (9c), various shapes such as a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, and a V shape can be adopted when viewed in a cross section. The height need not be constant. The perforated hollow body (9a) and perforated support (9b) referred to in the present invention are not only holes (round or square) provided in a so-called mesh-like object, but also lines provided on a saw-like object. It also means an arbitrarily shaped space such as a shaped space. A 1 mm to 3 cm diameter or square hole is preferred.
[0029]
The material of the perforated hollow body (9a), the perforated support body (9b), and the convex structure (9c) includes various materials such as plastic, wood, wire mesh, ceramic, and polystyrene foam. It is preferable to use a material that has strength to support and is as light as possible. The material of the planter container itself is the same.
[0030]
In any structure, it is necessary that an air layer (4) is always formed between the culture medium (3) and the liquid reservoir (5), and that at least partly air permeability is required between the culture medium and the air layer. . The ratio varies depending on the size of the plant cultivation container and the plant to be cultivated, but preferably the ratio (B / A) of the total area B (m2) of the air layer in contact with the medium to the bottom area A (m2) of the medium. Is preferably 0.2 to 0.95, more preferably 0.3 to 0.85. The ratio (D / C) of the volume D (m3) of the entire air layer to the volume C (m3) of the medium is preferably 0.1 to 1.0, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8. Good.
[0031]
The water absorbing body (8) in the present invention is an essential component for supplying water from the lower surface to the plant medium. The water absorbent body may be anything that has an action of sucking up water (liquid fertilizer) by capillary action, and examples thereof include cloths and strings such as nonwoven fabrics and woven fabrics made of natural fibers and synthetic fibers.
[0032]
The water absorption body (8) should just be provided at least partially so that a liquid reservoir (5) and a culture medium (3) may be contact | connected. Examples of the mode in contact with the culture medium include a mode in contact with the lower surface of the culture medium (3), a mode in contact with the side surface of the culture medium (3), and a combination thereof. The degree of growth of the plant body is preferable because the balance of air supply is good.
[0033]
The water-absorbing body (8) does not need to be in contact with the entire lower surface of the medium, and preferably is partially 10% to 95% of the area of the lower surface area A (m2) of the medium, more preferably 20% to It may be provided so as to be in contact with an area ratio of 80%. Moreover, it contacts with a culture medium through the water-permeable root prevention sheet | seat (3a) which normally supports a culture medium.
[0034]
The water-permeable root-preventing sheet (3a) preferably used is a sheet for preventing the medium and roots from being directly immersed or mixed in the lower liquid reservoir by laying on the lower surface of the medium. Any sheet may be used as long as it allows water or air to pass therethrough. For example, a net material such as polyester fiber or a non-woven material can be used. Particularly preferably, the medium is strong enough to support and stretch the medium. Furthermore, not only the water-permeable root-preventing sheet, but also a strength net having a higher strength but having a coarse eye may be used together with the root-preventing sheet to support the culture medium.
[0035]
As a culture medium (3) used when cultivating using the plant cultivation container of the present invention, normal soil for organic cultivation may be used, or an inorganic or organic fiber material such as rock wool, peat moss or coconut shell is used. May be. What added other substances, fertilizers, etc. can be used as needed.
[0036]
Moreover, as water of this invention, water alone may be sufficient and the liquid fertilizer which added the nutrient fertilizer required according to the cultivation plant to water may be used. In the present invention, water is meant to include liquid fertilizer. In the plant cultivation container of the present invention, unlike normal planter cultivation in which water is supplied from the top surface, water is supplied from the bottom surface of the medium, so that the components of the medium are difficult to flow out and the water is always clean. . In addition, in the cultivation method in which watering is performed each time, the adjustment of the components of liquid fertilizer is troublesome, but in the present invention, water that has been adjusted in advance to the mixing ratio of liquid fertilizer is set in a water supply tank, so that the plant species and their growth It is preferable because liquid fertilizer can be easily adjusted according to the degree.
[0037]
As a preferable specific structure of the other planter container, the medium is not submerged when rainwater or the like flows into the container side of the part corresponding to the space layer above the liquid reservoir of the plant cultivation part (1b). A rainwater surplus liquid discharge hole (6) may be provided. Moreover, providing the liquid discharge hole (7) for discharging | emitting a liquid at the time of cultivation completion etc. in the side surface near the bottom of a container is mentioned. This liquid discharge hole is normally closed.
[0038]
The plant cultivation container of the present invention is a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container that supplies water necessary for plant cultivation from the bottom, and has a rectangular shape, a circular shape, and other design characteristics found in conventional planter containers. It is possible to employ a container having the shape described above.
[0039]
Similarly, the shape of the water supply tank is not limited to a simple PET bottle shape, but can be a tank having a design that simulates the shape of an animal or a doll. You may employ | adopt this shape for the light-shielding sheet | seat covered on the tank for water supply.
[0040]
Furthermore, the plant cultivation container set of the present invention is a set of the planter container and the water supply tank of the present invention, a set of caps for fitting into the mouths of the planter container and the water supply tank, a planter container, and a water-permeable root A set of a medium wrapped in a sheet, a planter container, and a set of a medium and a plant species wrapped in a water-permeable root-proof sheet. These enable simple plant cultivation at home or school using a planter container, and are preferable in practical use.
Moreover, the container itself of a cultivation part (1b) is a water supply part which functions as a receiving tank of a water supply tank or as a water supply tank itself as a kit for assembling a plant cultivation container of the present invention by containerizing a normal planter container. (1a), a connecting waterway member (10a), a perforated hollow body (2a), a perforated support (2b) or a convex structure (2c), and a water absorbing body (8) A kit is listed as a connection type.
Or the partition plate for dividing a water supply part and a plant cultivation part, and the perforated hollow body (9a), the perforated support body (9b), or the convex structure (9c) for installing in a plant cultivation part (1b) And a water-absorbing body (8), and a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container assembling kit characterized by having a water-absorbing body (8).
[0041]
【Example】
(Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1)
A cultivation experiment of Benlina and Sunny lettuce was conducted using the cultivation container having the structure shown in FIGS.
<Planter container structure>
A planter container of width 25 × length 60 × height 20 (cm) is separated by a partition plate having a hole for a water channel (10) at a position about 5 cm from the bottom, and a plant cultivation part (1b) and a water supply part (1a) Configured.
In the water supply section (1a), two 2 liter PET bottles (2) as water supply tanks are turned upside down with holes (2d) at a position 5 cm from the mouth and covered with an aluminum sheet for light shielding. Used.
Therefore, the fixed water level of the liquid reservoir is 5 cm, and about 6 liters of liquid fertilizer can be held at the bottom of the planter, and 4 liters of liquid fertilizer can be held in the plastic bottle.
[0042]
A hollow circular tube (hereinafter referred to as a corrugated tube) having a large number of holes of about 3 to 4 mm square (at a ratio of surface porosity of about 40%) at the bottom of the plant cultivation part (1b), and having a diameter of 8 cm One tube was installed in the middle of the container, and one corrugated tube having a diameter of 7 cm was installed on each side of the tube. Therefore, the height of the air layer is secured at a maximum of 3 cm.
On top of that, a culture medium (mixed with 10% by volume of coconut shells) with a root-proof water-permeable sheet laid on the lower surface was provided at a height of about 8 cm to grow the plant.
[0043]
Moreover, the following three types of containers were prepared.
(1) Example 1 (bottom surface water supply): Of the three, only the surface of the central hollow body was covered with a water absorbent. (See Figure 2)
{Circle around (2)} Example 2 (bottom surface + side surface water supply): Only the central perforated hollow body was covered with a water absorbent cloth, and the water absorbent cloth was laid on the inner side surface of the container of the plant cultivation section. (See Figure 4)
(3) Comparative Example 1 (conventional type): A medium was provided directly in the plant cultivation part without using a perforated hollow body, and the medium was directly placed in a liquid reservoir.
[0044]
<Cultivation experiment>
Benrina Sunny lettuce was sown or planted in half in one container and cultivated for about 2 months.
Benlina: Sowing on October 15 and harvesting on December 10
Sunny lettuce: October 17 sowing, November 26 harvest
As a result, when the container (3) of Comparative Example 1 was used, the growth of the plant deteriorated immediately after the start of cultivation, and it began to wither in a few days and was not suitable for harvesting. When the medium was taken out and the state of the roots was confirmed, the roots were found.
[0045]
On the other hand, the amount of water consumed in Example 1 and Example 2 is shown in Table 1, and the amount of plant growth is shown in Table 2. In each case, about 10 liters of water (liquid fertilizer) is first added to the container liquid reservoir and the PET bottle. ) Was set, it was confirmed that it was sufficient to replenish the water supply tank once every 10 days. In addition, since there is about 6 liters in the liquid reservoir in the planter container, there is actually no problem with water supply for 10 days or more. It was also confirmed that water consumption varies depending on the weather and the degree of plant growth.
[0046]
In Examples 1 and 2, the growth of the plant was good, but the plant using the container (1) of Example 1 increased the yield by 10% and increased the plant root. Even with high density, the root growth on the back of the medium after cultivation was good, and the water consumption was great.
[0047]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005040009
[0048]
[Table 2]
Figure 2005040009
【The invention's effect】
According to the bottom water supply type plant cultivation container of the present invention and its set and kit, the following various advantages are obtained. Therefore, this cultivation container is suitable for carrying out organic cultivation and hydroponic cultivation easily in general home gardening, school teaching materials, and cultivation of plants in general farmers. It is also ideal for agricultural testing as a test for excess and deficiency of various components.
(1) Even if the water is not frequently used and left for a certain period of time, the plant can be cultivated by supplying water once every 10 days. Therefore, it is suitable for simple plant cultivation at home and school, and especially for water supply during summer and long-term absence.
(2) Since an air layer always exists between the culture medium and the liquid reservoir, the occurrence of root rot of crops can be suppressed. In addition, since the medium and roots are not directly immersed in the liquid, a sufficient liquid can be continuously supplied to the plant roots constantly and appropriately by capillarity of the water-absorbing body.
(3) Since the water supply to the plant body is not a fixed amount but an amount corresponding to the necessary amount of the plant body and the plant body suitable for the weather, there is no failure in plant cultivation due to watering.
(4) The type and amount of water and liquid fertilizer in the liquid reservoir and water supply tank can be easily changed and adjusted according to the type of crop and the growth stage. In addition, consumption of water and liquid fertilizer can be grasped at a glance.
(5) Since water supply is performed from the lower surface of the medium rather than from the upper surface, the elution of nutrients in the soil is small. In addition, fresh water and air can be supplied at all times, and diseases are unlikely to occur.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a depth showing an example of a container of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the width direction showing an example of the container of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of the container of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a width direction showing another example of the container of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the width direction showing another example of the container of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a configuration example in which the water supply unit of the present invention is a water supply tank itself.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the depth of a configuration example in which the water supply unit of the present invention is a water supply tank itself.
FIG. 8 is a top view showing an example of a round container according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a round container according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a round container according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a top view showing an example in which the water supply unit and the plant cultivation unit of the present invention are connected by a communication path.
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a water supply tank according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a water supply tank according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a ramune-type stopper structure of the cap of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a spring-type stopper structure of the cap of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a seal type stopper structure of a cap of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a special stopper structure of the cap of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a valve-type stopper structure of the cap of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Planter container (plant cultivation container), 1a, water supply section, 1b, plant cultivation section, 2. water supply tank, 2a, water level confirmation window, 2b, water stopper structure, 2c, stopper Release body, 2d ··· Hole for water outflow, 2e · · Tube body, 2f · · Block-type position adjustment table 3 · · Medium 3a · · Root permeation sheet · · · Air layer, · · · Liquid reservoir 6, Excess liquid discharge hole 7, Liquid discharge hole 8, Water absorbing body, 9a ... Perforated hollow body, 9b ... Perforated support, 9c ... Convex structure, 10.・ Communication channel, 11. ・ Blocking material, 12. ・ Sealing lid

Claims (13)

植物を栽培するための植物栽培部(1b)と、給水用タンク(2)の受け部として又は自ら給水用タンクとして機能する給水部(1a)とを有する底面給水式植物栽培容器であって、
給水部(1a)と植物栽培部(1b)の間には連通した水路(10)が形成されており、給水部(1a)から植物栽培部(1b)へ、大気圧と水圧とのバランスを利用して一定した水位まで水が供給される構造を有してなり、
該植物栽培部(1b)は、上層(3)に培地、下層(5)に液溜、上層と下層の間の中層(4)に空気層が存するように構成されており、該培地と該空気層の間には少なくとも部分的に通気性があり、該培地と該液溜の双方に接する態様で吸水体(8)が少なくとも部分的に設置されてなることを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器。
A bottom water supply type plant cultivation container having a plant cultivation part (1b) for cultivating a plant and a water supply part (1a) functioning as a water supply tank (1a) as a receiving part of a water supply tank (2),
A communicating water channel (10) is formed between the water supply unit (1a) and the plant cultivation unit (1b), and the balance between atmospheric pressure and water pressure is transferred from the water supply unit (1a) to the plant cultivation unit (1b). It has a structure in which water is supplied to a constant water level using it,
The plant cultivation part (1b) is configured such that a medium is present in the upper layer (3), a liquid reservoir is present in the lower layer (5), and an air layer is present in the middle layer (4) between the upper layer and the lower layer. A water-supplying bottom plant characterized by being at least partially air permeable between the air layers, and having a water absorbent (8) at least partially installed in a manner in contact with both the medium and the liquid reservoir. Cultivation container.
該給水部(1a)が自ら給水用タンクとして機能する底面給水式植物栽培容器であって、給水部を開閉可能な密閉蓋(12)と、連通水路(10)を密閉可能な遮断材(11)とが設けられてなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。The water supply unit (1a) is a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container that functions as a water supply tank itself, and includes a sealing lid (12) that can open and close the water supply unit, and a blocking material (11) that can seal the communication channel (10). The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. 該給水部(1a)が給水用タンク(2)の受け部として機能する底面給水式植物栽培容器であって、給水用タンクを受け部に設置した際に、給水用タンクの口部に取り付けられた水ストッパー(2b)を解除する、ストッパー解除体(2c)が該給水部に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。The water supply section (1a) is a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container that functions as a receiving section for the water supply tank (2), and is attached to the mouth of the water supply tank when installed in the receiving section. The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container according to claim 1, wherein a stopper releasing body (2c) for releasing the water stopper (2b) is provided in the water supply part. 該植物栽培部(1b)の底に、高さが液溜の水位より高く、表面に吸水体(8)を被せた、有孔中空体(9a)を一以上設置してなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。One or more perforated hollow bodies (9a) having a height higher than the water level of the liquid reservoir and covered with a water absorbent (8) on the surface are installed at the bottom of the plant cultivation part (1b). The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 該植物栽培部(1b)の上層と中層の間に、有孔支持体(9b)を設置し、吸水体の一部は有孔支持体の上面に被せ、他の一部は液溜に接する態様で吸水体を設けてなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。A perforated support (9b) is installed between the upper layer and the middle layer of the plant cultivation part (1b), a part of the water absorbent is covered on the upper surface of the perforated support, and the other part is in contact with the liquid reservoir. The water-absorbing body is provided in an aspect, and the bottom surface water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 該植物栽培部(1b)の底に、複数の凸構造体(9c)が形成されてなり、吸水体(8)を凸構造体の少なくとも一部に被せてなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。A plurality of convex structures (9c) are formed on the bottom of the plant cultivation part (1b), and a water absorbing body (8) is covered over at least a part of the convex structures. The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container as described in any one of thru | or 3. 吸水体(8)を、培地の底面のみに接触するように設けたことを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the water absorbing body (8) is provided so as to contact only the bottom surface of the culture medium. 該植物栽培部において、培地の下面となる部分に防根透水シートが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれかの項に記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器。The bottom-water supply type plant cultivation container according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a root-proof water-permeable sheet is provided in a portion which becomes a lower surface of the culture medium in the plant cultivation section. 請求項1、3から8のいずれかに記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器(1)と、該容器の給水部に設置するための脱着可能な給水用タンク(2)とを有する底面給水式植物栽培容器セットであって、該給水用タンクには、底面又は側面の一定位置に水流出用の穴(2d)が形成されており、該穴には、給水部の受け部に設置すると解除される水ストッパー構造(2b)が設けられていることを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器セット。A bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container (1) according to any one of claims 1, 3 to 8, and a detachable water supply tank (2) for installation in a water supply section of the container. In the cultivation container set, the water supply tank has a water outflow hole (2d) formed at a fixed position on the bottom surface or side surface, and the hole is released when installed in the receiving portion of the water supply unit. The bottom water supply type plant cultivation container set characterized by the water stopper structure (2b) which is provided. 該給水用タンクの大部分は、遮光部材で形成又は被覆されてなり、一部に、水位確認用の透明窓が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項9記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器セット。10. The bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container according to claim 9, wherein most of the water supply tank is formed or covered with a light shielding member, and a transparent window for water level confirmation is provided in part. set. 請求項1、3から8のいずれかに記載の底面給水式植物栽培容器(1)と、脱着可能な給水用タンクの口部に嵌めるためのキャップを有する底面給水式植物栽培容器セットであって、該キャップには、該キャップを嵌めた給水用タンクを植物栽培部の受け部に設置すると解除される水ストッパー構造(2b)が設けられていることを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器セット。A bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container set according to any one of claims 1, 3 to 8, and a bottom-side water supply type plant cultivation container set having a cap for fitting in a mouth of a detachable water supply tank. The cap is provided with a water stopper structure (2b) that is released when a water supply tank fitted with the cap is installed in the receiving part of the plant cultivation part. . 給水用タンクの受け部として若しくは自ら給水用タンクとして機能する給水部(1a)と、給水部と植物栽培部を連通する水路部材(10)と、植物栽培部(1b)に設置するための有孔中空体(9a)か有孔支持体(9b)か凸構造体(9c)の何れかと、吸水体(8)と、を有することを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器組み立て用キット。A water supply part (1a) that functions as a water supply tank receiving part or as a water supply tank itself, a water channel member (10) that communicates the water supply part and the plant cultivation part, and an existence for installation in the plant cultivation part (1b) A bottom water supply type plant cultivation container assembling kit comprising a hollow hollow body (9a), a perforated support (9b) or a convex structure (9c), and a water absorbing body (8). 給水部と植物栽培部を区切るための仕切り板と、植物栽培部(1b)に設置するための有孔中空体(9a)か有孔支持体(9b)か凸構造体(9c)の何れかと、吸水体(8)と、を有することを特徴とする底面給水式植物栽培容器組み立て用キット。A partition plate for separating the water supply section and the plant cultivation section, and either a perforated hollow body (9a), a perforated support body (9b) or a convex structure (9c) for installation in the plant cultivation section (1b) And a water-absorbing body (8).
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010161941A (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-29 Midori No Market:Kk Cultivation container for ornamental plant, ornamental plant seedling, and method for growing ornamental plant in winter
JP2010172288A (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-12 Yamazaki Kyoiku System Kk Hydroponics unit
GB2470275A (en) * 2009-05-13 2010-11-17 Jim Laflin Self-acting watering device
JP2011193847A (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-10-06 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The Cultivation apparatus
CN106388446A (en) * 2016-11-11 2017-02-15 金陵科技学院 Support for flowerpot
CN109863905A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-06-11 夏梦笛 Conservation culture little tree flower bed
KR102021397B1 (en) * 2019-03-13 2019-09-16 주식회사 엠앤비코리아 Container for bulbous plant cultivation

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010161941A (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-29 Midori No Market:Kk Cultivation container for ornamental plant, ornamental plant seedling, and method for growing ornamental plant in winter
JP2010172288A (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-12 Yamazaki Kyoiku System Kk Hydroponics unit
GB2470275A (en) * 2009-05-13 2010-11-17 Jim Laflin Self-acting watering device
GB2470204A (en) * 2009-05-13 2010-11-17 Jim Laflin Self-acting watering device
GB2470275B (en) * 2009-05-13 2011-09-07 Jim Laflin Controlled moisture release device
JP2011193847A (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-10-06 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The Cultivation apparatus
CN106388446A (en) * 2016-11-11 2017-02-15 金陵科技学院 Support for flowerpot
CN109863905A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-06-11 夏梦笛 Conservation culture little tree flower bed
KR102021397B1 (en) * 2019-03-13 2019-09-16 주식회사 엠앤비코리아 Container for bulbous plant cultivation

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