JP2016073264A - Bottom watering multi-product cultivation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bottom watering multi-product cultivation system that determines how much water is stored for labor-saving cultivation and provides labor-saving, hygienic, good cultivation results in the long-term.SOLUTION: An opaque water storage tank 2 having a plastic-made water filling port A and a water meter B is placed under a cultivation container 1. There is provided a water supply string 4, which is a micro-fiber cloth formed into a cylindrical shape, whose head is covered with a cloth, and which is tightly wrapped with a plastic tape together with the body, and thereby whose pumping capability is improved. A water supply culture soil 5 is placed on the bottom portion, and a liquid phase adjustment culture soil 7 is placed on the water supply culture soil 5 so as to reach the bottom of a pot seedling E. In addition, a cultivation culture soil 3 covers the liquid phase adjustment culture soil 7 for cultivation. 2 mm-5 mm Akadama soil, leaf mold, and zeolite are combined. For basic cultivation, a culture soil having a liquid phase of about 30% is used for liquid phase adjustment culture soil and cultivation culture soil. For a cultivar favoring dryness, a low liquid phase adjustment culture is used and for a cultivar favoring humidity, a high liquid phase adjustment culture is used to supply water.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

In the present invention, in order to save the labor of watering in plant cultivation, water necessary for cultivation is stored in a tank, and water is supplied to the cultivation culture soil by capillary action using a water absorbing string to perform plant cultivation. It is a bottom irrigated multi-variety cultivation system that can select suitable cultivation culture soil, can retain appropriate fertilizer, and can obtain good cultivation results by a water storage method and supply method that saves water.

The technology of the bottom irrigation water supply string system in plant cultivation has been applied to the cultivation of various flower buds that prefer humidity, such as cyclamen, but the culture soil is mainly peat moss, which is the main culture soil and has high water absorption and poor air permeability. It is not suitable for breeding. Although methods such as Ebu, And, and Flow have been devised to solve overhumidity, they are not labor-saving and are not suitable for general household use. Although there is a bottom irrigation system sold by Playmobil in overseas research, there is also a method of spreading hydroballs pulverized with low liquid phase natural pumice called clay and supplying water, but it can be supplied from clay culture soil The amount of water is small and it is not a method suitable for multi-variety cultivation. In addition, there is a utility model actual application 2014-2116 that aims to cultivate multiple varieties by mixing red jade soil and humus soil, but a liquid phase suitable for multiple varieties cannot be secured, and the water storage capacity is not certain.

Japanese Patent Application 2013-211143 Actual application 2014-2116

Aichi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Wenkyo New soil diagnosis and fertilization design

The present invention is a bottom irrigated plant cultivation method in which water necessary for cultivation is supplied to a culture soil by means of capillaries using a water supply string. However, in the bottom irrigation, the culture soil always contains water in order to keep sending water. The problem is to solve problems that tend to be damp due to shortage, and as a labor-saving cultivation, it is decided how much water can be stored, and a long-term labor-saving, hygienic and good cultivation result can be obtained. The challenge is to cultivate variety plants.

In solving the above-mentioned problems, the amount of water in the tank should be adjusted to the bottom irrigated cultivation method that enables long-term water storage and good plant cultivation, and how much the water supply string capillaries do. Considering how much liquid phase it absorbs and how much liquid phase it is suitable to grow, round the cloth of micro cloth which is a fiber with good water absorption into a cylindrical shape, tightly wind the outer periphery tightly with vinyl tape, The head part is wrapped in a smaller cloth to prevent it from drying out due to contact with the outside air by forming it into a teruary shaved shape, and the amount of capillary water is increased by making it dense. This Teruto Shabu's ability to suck up water. The cloth on the head can be removed. Remove the cloth, measure the weight, and examine the liquid phase of the cloth. When the diameter of the cylinder is 2 and 5 cm and the water is sucked up by a capillary tube with a height of 10 cm, the liquid phase of the cloth on the head becomes about 85%, at 15 cm the liquid phase becomes about 73% and at 20 cm the liquid phase becomes about 62%. It was. The liquid phase is measured by measuring the weight of the cloth that has absorbed moisture into the saturated state with a capillary tube according to the height, subtracting the weight of the cloth in the dry state, converting the amount of water to 100 cc and taking out the liquid phase. . It can be seen that the liquid phase of the cloth is proportional to the thickness of the cylinder and inversely proportional to the height. With a diameter of 1 cm, the suction height is 3 cm and about 85%. 10 cm, 67%. 15cm, about 56%. 20cm, about 45%. Next, the saturated liquid phase of the bottom irrigated soil was determined by the same method. From Non-Patent Document 2, plant roots prefer a gas phase of 30% -35% and a liquid phase of about 30%. Also, a C / N ratio of about 15-20 is optimal for roots and microorganisms, and soil with more CEC has a stronger ability to hold and supply nutrients. Cultivated soil with red base and humus soil, 2mm-5mm zeolite with high base saturation and mixed at 2: 1: 1 is about 30% liquid phase, and the gas phase is more than 30% to ensure air permeability. It is secured. The weight is 1000 cc, which is the ideal weight for potted plants, and is about 500 g in the range of 600-400 g, which is suitable for bottom irrigated potted soil. The actual bottom irrigation system is cultivated by the method shown in FIG. 1, but ripened compost is used instead of humus outdoors when there is no problem with odor, and indoor cultivated by diluting the liquid fertilizer solution 250 times without using ripe compost. . As shown in FIG. 1, the bottom of the cultivation container is a culture soil for water supply in which 53% of peat moss liquid phase is spread and water is stored by a capillary tube from a water supply string. You just have to cultivate it with cultivation culture soil on it. For varieties that like special drying and varieties that have a high water-retaining environment such as blooming in the waterside, place 7-phase conditioned culture soil on peat moss to the bottom of the pot, and then add the culture culture soil to increase the amount of water that rises in the capillary. Adjust and grow. Liquid phase-adjusted culture soil sucks up water with a saturated liquid phase of about 24% of red soil without fine dust in cultivated varieties in dry areas, and uses 53% of peat moss saturated liquid phase in wetland varieties. The soil absorbs and retains water, but does not absorb more water than the saturated liquid phase, and since a constant saturated liquid phase continues with the supply of the bottom irrigation capillary, the supplied water is adjusted by the liquid phase adjusted culture soil. As an example, when a large container with a depth of 80 cm is used, about 38% of the mixed saturated liquid phase of red crust and humus soil that does not remove fine dust is laid on the peat moss as a liquid phase-adjusted culture soil, and the cultivated culture soil is on it. 20cm, water penetrates into the liquid phase adjusted culture soil from 53% of the high potential peat moss to 38% saturated liquid phase, and by raising 60cm, it is reduced to about 32% liquid phase by gravity and the cultivation culture soil is 30 It will be cultivated in an appropriate saturated liquid phase of about%. In order for water to move, the water potential needs to be higher than the liquid phase of peat moss, and the liquid phase of the water supply string must be higher than 53%. At 5 cm, the suction distance is 15 cm and the liquid phase is about 73%, and it is supplied with a margin. As a result, the tank depth is determined, and a large amount of water of 14 liters can be stored with a size of B4 using 15 cm, and the required water capacity can be stored. Also, since the amount of water is large, the tank is made of opaque plastic to prevent spoilage, a water inlet is provided, and a water meter is also required. Also, when used outdoors, the bottom of the cultivation container has a net-like shape so that the water poured into the cultivation container flows out of the bottom of the cultivation container and flows into the tank without waste, so that rainwater can be stored. It is a structure where water is dropped into the tank, and it is necessary to firmly fix the bottom of the cultivation container to the tank lid so that the plant becomes heavy and does not fall over due to growth.

When growing plants with pot plants or planters, the cultivation culture soil is cultivated in an optimal environment of about 30% liquid phase and 30% -40% in the gas phase, so even in bottom irrigated cultivation, air permeability is secured and many types of plants However, at the same time in the fertilization environment, the C / N ratio is taken into consideration and the base saturation is taken into consideration, so it is possible to give a large amount of fertilizer, so that large amounts are harvested in vegetable cultivation and large amounts in flowers. The flower can be blossomed. In addition, because the peat moss of the high liquid phase culture soil is laid on the bottom, the roots of the plant grow in search of high liquid phase water, which leads to growth, and the tank can also store a large amount of water, saving labor for a long time and sanitary. It is a system that can be cultivated locally and does not require difficult watering regardless of who cultivates it.

This is a labor-saving and hygienic cultivation system that fixes 3 water supply strings to the bottom of 1 cultivation container, stores 6 water in the lower 2 tanks, and supplies it to 3 cultivation culture soil by bottom irrigation. A method of supplying the above will be described. Place 5 cm of high moisture liquid culture soil on the bottom of 1 cultivation container, spread 7 liquid phase adjustment culture soil to the bottom of 5 pot seedlings, place 5 pot seedlings on it and 3 cultivation culture soils Then, the capillary water is supplied from the 2 tanks to the culture soil of the F pot seedling by 4 water-absorbing strings. However, in normal multi-variety cultivation, 7-liquid phase adjusted culture soil and 3-cultivated culture soil use the same 30% liquid phase culture soil, and in the cultivation of varieties that prefer drying, 7-liquid phase adjusted culture soil is 24% liquid phase. Can be cultivated by using red jade soil, but if it prefers special humidity, it uses 53% peat moss to supply water to the cultivated culture soil, and varieties that prefer drying have about 24% saturated liquid phase. Use culture soil. In order to make the 5 water supply culture soil always a saturated liquid phase, it is necessary to make the liquid phase of the C water supply string head higher than the 5 water supply culture soil, and the potential of water moves from a high position to a low position. The liquid phase at the head of the water supply string is sucked up from the tank to become a high liquid phase. By this method, the 5 water supply culture soil is always in a saturated liquid phase. Numerically, the 5 water-fed culture soil is peat moss and the saturated liquid phase is 53%, so the feed string head needs to be 53% or more. 4 Water supply string sucking height is 2cm, diameter is 15cm and liquid phase is about 73%. Since the diameter is 1 cm and the liquid phase is about 67% at a diameter of 1 cm, it is supplied at this distance with a margin. This determines the size of the tank. When the size is B4, it is possible to store water having a capacity of 9 liters at a depth of 10 cm and 14 liters at a depth of 15 cm, and a sufficient long-term water content can be secured. Since storing water in a large tank causes water rot, the two tanks will be opaque containers and two solid tanks made of plastic that block sunlight. Currently, various varieties are being tested for cultivation, but the cultivation of red fertilizer 250 times in the tank in a mixed culture soil of red jade soil, humus soil and zeolite from which fine dust has been removed is in a good state.

The bottom irrigated cultivation system of the present invention can be used as a creative indoor cultivation interior by freely combining a tank and a cultivation container, can be labor-saving and hygienic cultivation, and is a culture soil-liquid phase suitable for many types. By accumulating information on numerical cultivation such as the amount of fertilizer, more accurate uniform and good cultivation becomes possible. In addition, since it is possible to store water by dropping rain that pours into the cultivation soil into a large tank outdoors, there is no need for water injection except during the dry season in summer, and cultivation can be done as if it were a local planting. In addition, there is no need for difficult watering techniques and it can be applied to bonsai, and there is also a novelty that pot planting becomes a new cultivation form, and it is an innovative cultivation that enables hygienic and labor-saving cultivation. Since good results can be obtained, many demands can be expected, and it is possible to save labor in cultivating and producing farmers.

It is sectional drawing of the Example of this invention, 4 water supply strings are fixed to the bottom of 1 cultivation container, 5 moisture supply culture soil is spread | laid on it, and also 7 liquid phase adjustment culture soil is F pot. Spread the seedling to the bottom of the seedling, place the F-pot seedling on it and cover it with 4 cultivation culture soil. In this bottom irrigation system, 6 water is stored in 2 tanks under 1 cultivation container, and the high liquid phase 5 water supply culture soil has the same effect as alley cultivation groundwater, and water is stored at the bottom of 1 cultivation container and the capillary tube. To feed the plants with water. In basic cultivation, 7 liquid phase adjusted culture soil and 2 cultivation culture soil use 30% liquid phase red jade soil and humus soil, mixed culture soil of zeolite 2: 1: 1. Always maintain a healthy cultivation environment that maintains the gas phase. The soil with 5 moisture supply at the bottom has a high liquid phase of about 53%, and the soil with 4 cultures has a low liquid phase of 30%, and the plant can grow greatly by extending the root to the bottom in search of much water. is there. 1 Cultivation container is made of plastic, D bottom is provided at the bottom, C water supply string head is fixed at the center, the trunk is lowered to 2 tanks, and 2 tanks of water is supplied to 3 cultivation culture soil, but installed outdoors In such a case, the rain that has fallen down is drained down from the bottom of the D net and stored in two tanks. As with 1 cultivation container, 2 tanks are provided with a water injection port by plastic formation, and at the same time a water meter. Since the 3 water supply cords are lowered from the hole at the bottom of 1 cultivation container to 2 tanks, they are formed in the shape of a long shawl with a large C water supply head so that they do not fall down. Suction capacity should be increased by forming the It is sectional drawing of the planter type bottom irrigation system by this invention, and is an Example. The planter-type cultivation container is not used with a lid, but is used by fitting the bottom of the planter into the opening at the top of the tank, but the bottom of the planter does not soak into the tank water surface. A drain hole will be provided so that no more than a certain amount will accumulate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation container 2 Tank 3 Cultivation culture soil 4 Water supply string 5 Water supply culture soil 6 Water 7 Liquid phase adjustment culture soil A Water injection hole B Water meter C Water supply string head D Reticulated bottom E Pot seedling F Tank cap G Water drainage hole

Claims (4)

A water supply string that draws water with bottom irrigation is formed into a long and narrow cylindrical shape with a micro cloth, covered with a cloth, and wrapped with a thin vinyl tape along with the outer periphery of the body to form a long shank. The length of the body is about 10 cm for a diameter of 1 cm and about 15 cm for a diameter of 2,5 cm. As a usage method, it is fixed to the bottom hole of the cultivation container and lowered to the tank, and the water of the bottom irrigation is sucked up from the tank to the culture soil by capillarity. However, the tight coating prevents moisture evaporation in the middle of the water supply and the inner fibers are dense. Sucking ability improves. Thus, the amount of water necessary for cultivation is always secured in the water supply culture soil at the bottom with a capillary, further supplied to the liquid phase adjustment culture soil, and supplied to the cultivation culture soil laid thereon to perform cultivation. The water supply culture soil at the bottom uses 40-50% high liquid phase culture soil, and the basic cultivation culture soil for plant cultivation in an environment like Japan is 2mm-5mm red jade soil, humus soil, zeolite 7: 1 in 2: 1: 1 and grown in about 30% liquid phase and 30-40% gas phase. In basic cultivation, the cultivation culture soil and the liquid phase adjustment culture soil are the same culture soil, and when cultivating varieties that prefer humidity, the high liquid phase culture soil is used as the liquid phase adjustment culture soil. In the cultivation of cultivars that prefer drying, low liquid phase culture soil is used, and low liquid phase water is sent to the cultivation culture soil for cultivation. Further, since a large cultivation container is supplied to a high position, the liquid phase is lowered due to gravity, and the liquid phase supplied to the cultivation culture soil is adjusted by taking account of water reduction by the liquid phase adjustment cultivation soil. The basic cultivated soil has a good C / N ratio, high base saturation and no obstacles even with the use of a large amount of fertilizer. The material of the cultivation container is made of strong plastic, and the shape is generally extended, but the bottom is a net-like shape, a hole for fixing the water supply string is opened in the center, and the water supply string is lowered to the lower tank. A structure that can maintain the quality and shape that can be used as an interior indoors and that allows rain to flow from the mesh bottom to the tank is required for outdoor use. The tank is made of strong plastic, provided with a lid, a cultivation container is placed, and since the rainwater flowing down from the cultivation container is received by the tank and stored as an opening, the lid is also provided with an opening, so that it is made of a material that is strong in weight. The depth at which a large amount of water can be retained is 10 cm to 15 cm, is an A4 size or larger, is an opaque material for preventing water decay, has a water meter, and has a water inlet. In addition, a tank that can be cultivated also as an interior and retains an aesthetic sense is used indoors. The planter-type cultivation container is not used with a lid, but is used by fitting the bottom of the planter into the opening at the top of the tank, but the bottom of the planter does not soak into the tank water surface. A drain hole will be provided so that can flow to the ground.