JP2013252121A - Indoor cultivation system of bottom watering - Google Patents
Indoor cultivation system of bottom watering Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013252121A JP2013252121A JP2012139171A JP2012139171A JP2013252121A JP 2013252121 A JP2013252121 A JP 2013252121A JP 2012139171 A JP2012139171 A JP 2012139171A JP 2012139171 A JP2012139171 A JP 2012139171A JP 2013252121 A JP2013252121 A JP 2013252121A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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本発明はシクラメンなどの栽培農家で利用されてきた底潅水技術を一般家庭の栽培に応用するものである。The present invention applies bottom irrigation technology that has been used by cultivating farmers such as cyclamen to cultivation of ordinary households.
日本古来の閉鎖的な家屋から、近年、窓の多い開放的な建築形態となり、屋内栽培においても出窓などを利用した植物栽培が盛んとなりシクラメンや各種の屋内花栽培も普及してきたが、従来のジョウロなどの上から水遣りを行う屋内栽培では毎日の潅水に手間がかかり、水遣りの技術も必要であり、衛生的であるとはいいがたい。シクラメンなどの給水紐底潅水は20年も以前からあるが、その方法を一般家庭用にそのまま使用することはできず、エブ、アンド、フローの方法もあるが、省力的とは言えず一般家庭用に対応しない。特開2006−180867や特開2008−187901は過湿による問題が発生し良好な植物栽培容器やシステムが提供されていない。さらに特開2008−187901においてはポットの下部にトレイを置いて貯水する方式であり、植物栽培の根は成長することで下部のトレイ内の水に直接触れるに至り、植物は過湿により萎れる。 From ancient Japanese closed houses, in recent years it has become an open architecture with many windows, and plant cultivation using bay windows etc. has become popular in indoor cultivation, but cyclamen and various indoor flower cultivation have also spread, In indoor cultivation where watering is carried out from above water, etc., daily irrigation takes time, watering techniques are required, and it is difficult to say that it is hygienic. Water supply string bottom irrigation such as cyclamen has been in use for 20 years, but the method cannot be used as it is for ordinary households, and there are also methods for ev, and, and flow, but it cannot be said that it is labor saving. Does not support for. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2006-180867 and 2008-187901 have problems due to excessive humidity, and no good plant cultivation container or system is provided. Further, JP 2008-187901 is a method of storing water by placing a tray in the lower part of the pot, and the roots of plant cultivation grow and come into direct contact with the water in the lower tray, and the plants are wilted by excessive humidity.
本発明は省力化を目的として吸水紐を利用する家庭用底潅水栽培システムである。現在、底潅水はシクラメンや花栽培などで生産農家に利用されているが、その底潅水技術を一般家庭用に応用し発展させるものである。底潅水を家庭用に応用するには大掛かりな樋からの給水ではなく、栽培容器の下部にタンクを置いて給水紐の毛細管現象で給水する手段を採用するが、底潅水においての問題は供給水分量の調整ができないことであり、供給水分量が多すぎる結果として培養土の過湿が発生する。特に鉢の底部分は水分が多量で気相が確保できなく、ゆえに栽培容器に必要な毛細管水量を供給することが課題であり、また、水分蒸発の激しい大きな容器、広い表面の容器を底潅水に利用することも課題であり、屋内仕様のインテリア栽培として、美しく、大きく育てるだけでなく、盆栽や盆景のような芸術的な形態での栽培も確立することも考慮するものである。The present invention is a household bottom irrigation cultivation system using a water absorption string for the purpose of labor saving. At present, bottom irrigation is used by producers in cyclamen and flower cultivation, but the bottom irrigation technology is applied and developed for general household use. In order to apply bottom irrigation for household use, instead of supplying water from large-scale ridges, a means is adopted in which a tank is placed at the bottom of the cultivation container and water is supplied by the capillary action of the water supply string. The amount cannot be adjusted, and as a result of the excessive amount of water supplied, the culture soil is excessively humid. In particular, the bottom part of the pot has a large amount of water and the gas phase cannot be secured, so it is a challenge to supply the necessary amount of capillary water to the cultivation container. It is also an issue to consider, and it is also considered to establish not only beautiful and large-scale indoor cultivation for indoor use but also establishment of cultivation in an artistic form such as bonsai and bonsai.
前記の課題を解決するにおいて、水位が変動するタンクからの底潅水給水において培養土に必要水量を供給する方法として耐久性のあるマイクロクロスを円柱に巻き、上部をさらに2,3重巻いて胴体の細長い照る照る坊主状にし,その上にポリエステルの遮根透水シートを被せて外周と共にビニールテープできつく巻いた吸水紐を形成する。現在、シクラメン底潅水では帯状のフェルト2cm幅、0cm−1cmで一定水位において毛細管水を吸い上げている。この帯状の給水紐底潅水給水によって多くの種類の花の栽培が可能であるが、過湿が問題となっているとの報告があり、フェルト帯の供給水分量と鉢底部の液相を調べ、これを参考にどの程度の水分量が適切であるか、給水紐で培養土にどのくらいの水分量を供給できるかの実験をおこなった。吸水紐の水分量を測定する方法として、上部に10x15cm,重さ3gのマイクロクロスを巻き、その巻いたクロスが毛細管水を吸収する重量を測定した。結果は表1である。この結果、吸い上げ距離1cmでは頭部分は飽和19gから95%の液相で水を吸収し培養土に供給している。よってクロスが液相95%と水を吸収すると培養土は気相が確保されず過湿になると判断される。タンクによる供給では2,3週間の水を確保する必要があり、10cm程度の高さを持つタンク容量が必要である。このことから水位の変化による吸水紐のマイクロクロスの給水量とその液相も調べた。又、適当な気相を保持しながら栽培可能な水分量はマイクロクロス飽和時19gの60%−80%が適切であると仮定し、それを実際の栽培によって証明する。吸水紐が2cm幅の帯状では吸い上げ距離が10cmと離れると乾燥時期の水分蒸発によって安定供給の継続ができない。ゆえにマイクロクロスを丸めて胴体の細い照る照る坊主型に形成し外周を覆うことで毛細管水上昇の安定化を図り、固く巻くことによって浸透は速め、この棒状の1cmの形状で吸い上げ距離3cm−10cmにあって60%−80%の液相を確保することを確認した。またマイクロクロスの頭に吸水した水がピートモス70%、パーライト30%の混合培養土に浸透して、培養土底部の液相はどの程度になるかも調べた。5号容器に培養土1000ccを入れ、その底部500ccの平均液相を吸い上げ距離1cm時、5cm時、10cm時で調べた。1cm時では培養土底部液相は66%、気相24%,固相10%であり、5cmでは液相63%、気相27%、固相10%。10cmでは液相58%、気相32%、固相10%と変化した。このことから10cm時に気相30%を確保するので太さは1cmで十分であり、吸い上げ距離は1cm−10cmとした。過湿になる1cmを使用するのは、苗の成長前は根は上部にあり栽培初期は1cmから始めるが栽培に問題がなく過湿はない。また、シクラメン底潅水栽培では5号容器が限度であり、6号容器以上では表面からの水分蒸発で培養土内は液相不足になる。この対策として蒸発を軽減するマルチを行うことで表面積の大きな容器でも培養土水分確保は可能となることを確認した。マルチングの材料としては、実生時期、挿し木や苗の小さい時期は鉢を覆うビニールマルチであり、成長した苗では中粒の石類を苗の根元に敷設する。小粒では毛細管水が表面に吸いあがり蒸発するためマルチにならず、大粒では孔隙率が大きく蒸発防止にはならない。蒸発防止の確実な方法は表面を密閉することであり、水に浸した水ゴケ類を敷いて、その上に中粒の石でマルチを行えば、ほぼ蒸発は防げる。この方法によって盆栽鉢のような大きな鉢であっても底潅水の使用が可能となる。タンクは透明プラスチック容器でも良いが水の腐敗防止にボードやカバーで覆い日光の直射を避けることは必要である。しかし不透明のカバーを設ける場合、水量計を付けて水切れを防止する必要もある。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a durable micro cloth is wound around a cylinder and the upper part is further wound twice or three times as a method for supplying the necessary amount of water to the culture soil in the bottom irrigation water supply from the tank where the water level fluctuates. A water-absorbing string wrapped with a vinyl tape along with the outer periphery is formed by covering the base with a water-permeable polyester sheet. At present, in cyclamen bottom irrigation, capillary water is sucked up at a constant water level with a belt-like felt width of 2 cm and 0 cm-1 cm. Many kinds of flowers can be cultivated by this irrigation water supply from the bottom of the belt, but it has been reported that overhumidity is a problem, and the amount of water supplied to the felt belt and the liquid phase at the bottom of the pot are investigated. Based on this, an experiment was conducted to determine how much water is appropriate and how much water can be supplied to the culture soil using a water supply string. As a method for measuring the water content of the water absorbent string, a micro cloth having a size of 10 × 15 cm and a weight of 3 g was wound on the upper part, and the weight of the wound cloth to absorb the capillary water was measured. The results are in Table 1. As a result, at a suction distance of 1 cm, the head portion absorbs water in a liquid phase of saturated 19 g to 95% and supplies it to the culture soil. Therefore, when the cloth absorbs 95% of the liquid phase and water, the culture soil is judged to be overhumid because the gas phase is not secured. In the supply by the tank, it is necessary to secure water for a few weeks, and a tank capacity having a height of about 10 cm is required. From this, the amount of water supply and the liquid phase of the micro cloth of the water absorption string due to the change of the water level were also investigated. Also, it is assumed that 60% -80% of 19g at the time of micro-cross saturation is appropriate for the amount of water that can be cultivated while maintaining an appropriate gas phase, and this is proved by actual cultivation. If the water absorption string is a 2 cm wide band, if the suction distance is 10 cm away, stable supply cannot be continued due to moisture evaporation during the drying period. Therefore, the micro-cross is rounded to form a shining shaver with a thin body, and the outer circumference is covered to stabilize the capillary water rise. By tightly winding, the permeation is accelerated, and the bar-like 1cm shape absorbs 3cm-10cm. Thus, it was confirmed that a liquid phase of 60% to 80% was secured. In addition, the water absorbed in the head of the micro cloth penetrated into the mixed culture soil of 70% peat moss and 30% pearlite, and the level of the liquid phase at the bottom of the culture soil was also examined. The No. 5 container was charged with 1000 cc of culture soil, and the average liquid phase of the bottom 500 cc was taken up and examined at a distance of 1 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm. At 1 cm, the liquid phase at the bottom of the culture is 66%, the gas phase is 24%, and the solid phase is 10%. At 5 cm, the liquid phase is 63%, the gas phase is 27%, and the solid phase is 10%. At 10 cm, the liquid phase changed to 58%, the gas phase 32%, and the solid phase 10%. From this, 30% of the gas phase is secured at 10 cm, so that a thickness of 1 cm is sufficient, and the suction distance is 1 cm-10 cm. Using 1 cm that becomes overhumid is that the roots are at the top before the seedlings grow and start from 1 cm at the beginning of cultivation, but there is no problem in cultivation and there is no overhumidity. Moreover, in cyclamen bottom irrigated cultivation, the No. 5 container is the limit, and in the No. 6 container or more, the liquid phase is insufficient in the culture soil due to water evaporation from the surface. As a countermeasure, it was confirmed that the cultivation soil moisture could be secured even in a container with a large surface area by performing a mulch to reduce evaporation. The material for mulching is vinyl mulch that covers the pot when seedlings, cuttings and seedlings are small, and in the grown seedlings, medium-sized stones are laid at the roots of the seedlings. In small grains, capillary water sucks on the surface and evaporates, so it does not become multi, and in large grains, the porosity is large and does not prevent evaporation. A reliable way to prevent evaporation is to seal the surface. If water moss soaked in water is laid and then mulched with medium-sized stones, evaporation can be prevented. By this method, even a large pot such as a bonsai pot can be used for bottom irrigation. The tank may be a transparent plastic container, but it is necessary to cover it with a board or cover to prevent water decay and avoid direct sunlight. However, when an opaque cover is provided, it is necessary to attach a water meter to prevent the water from running out.
この発明の吸水紐で栽培を行った。実験ではピートモス70%、パーライト30%の培養土で5号容器とマルチ併用の8号鉢でノースポール、パンジー、ペチュニア等数種類の花の栽培を行い、マルチ併用で樹木も栽培した。給水紐は直径1cmと統一し吸い上げ距離を1cm−10cm以内とし、液肥をタンクから供給した。植物の種類や毎日の天候によって吸いあがる水分量は変化するがタンク容量が3リットル程度あれば2,3週間の水供給に対応でき、底部は過湿もなく、栽培した花の根は、高い水分量を含む吸水紐に接して絡んだが過湿弊害の発生もなく、ポリエステルの遮根透水シートによる効果は認められる。不透明なタンクカバーをすることで日光を遮断し苔の発生もないが内部が見えないので水量計を付属することは必要である。以上のようなシステムで行う底潅水栽培法は水遣りの技術が不要で平均的に良好な栽培結果が得られる。又ビニールマルチで栽培容器を覆い培養土表面を湿度90%程度に保つことで9月に90%以上の確立でバラの挿し木の発根を得ることもできた。花や盆栽、観葉植物は順調に成長するがこの栽培環境が最適であるとは限らない、色々な場所で生育する植物に適合する培養土や肥料配合、供給水分量を選び、データーを蓄積して進化させ、向上させていくことは必要であり、省力化、衛生的、特質を生かした屋内栽培の要求に答え、普及させるに相応しい栽培形態を作り上げ、個人的な好みに対しての欲求にも答える得る材料を提供し、屋内において底潅水栽培を芸術的なレベルまで引き上げ、屋内栽培の発展に繋げるものである。Cultivation was carried out with the water-absorbent string of this invention. In the experiment, several kinds of flowers such as North Pole, Pansy, Petunia were cultivated in the No. 5 pot with the No. 5 container and the mulch in the culture soil of 70% peat moss and 30% perlite. The water supply string was unified with a diameter of 1 cm, the suction distance was within 1 cm-10 cm, and liquid fertilizer was supplied from the tank. Although the amount of water sucked up varies depending on the type of plant and the daily weather, if the tank capacity is about 3 liters, it can handle water supply for a few weeks, the bottom is not excessively humid, and the roots of the cultivated flowers are high. Although entangled in contact with the water-absorbing string containing the amount of water, there is no occurrence of over-humidity, and the effect of the polyester water-permeable sheet is recognized. It is necessary to attach a water meter because the opaque tank cover blocks sunlight and no moss is produced, but the interior is not visible. The bottom irrigation cultivation method performed in the system as described above does not require watering techniques, and on average, good cultivation results can be obtained. Moreover, the roots of rose cuttings could be obtained in September with the establishment of more than 90% by covering the cultivation container with vinyl mulch and keeping the culture soil surface at about 90% humidity. Flowers, bonsai, and foliage plants grow steadily, but this cultivation environment is not always optimal.Culture soil and fertilizer composition suitable for plants growing in various places, choose the amount of water to supply, accumulate data It is necessary to evolve and improve, and respond to the demands of indoor cultivation that takes advantage of labor-saving, hygienic, and special characteristics, create a cultivation form suitable for dissemination, and meet the desire for personal preference Provides materials that can be answered, raises the bottom irrigation cultivation to the artistic level indoors, and leads to the development of indoor cultivation.
1栽培容器に4培養土を入れ2下部タンク、3吸水紐を組み合わせたシステムである。1栽培容器の底に直径1cm、長さ10cmのマイクロクロスを素材とした照る照る坊主状のC吸水紐頭部を1栽培容器の底に固定し、2下部タンクにD給水紐胴体の端を降ろして底潅水を行う。3吸水紐は細い胴体の外周をビニールテープで巻くことによって水分の蒸発を防止し、4培養土に2下部タンクに貯水した5水を安定して吸い上げる。2下部タンクを不透明なFケースカバーで覆えば5水にコケも発生せずG水量計をつければタンクの水切れを防止できる。It is a system in which 4 cultivation soils are put in 1 cultivation container, 2 lower tanks and 3 water absorption strings are combined. A shining shaved-shaped C water-absorbing string head made of a micro cloth with a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 10 cm is fixed to the bottom of one cultivation container, and the end of the D water supply string body is fixed to the bottom of one cultivation container. Remove and perform bottom irrigation. The 3 water-absorbing string wraps the outer periphery of the thin body with vinyl tape to prevent moisture evaporation, and stably absorbs 5 water stored in 2 lower tanks in 4 culture soils. 2 If the lower tank is covered with an opaque F case cover, no moss is generated in the 5 water, and if the G water meter is attached, the tank can be prevented from running out of water.
本発明の底潅水栽培システムは年間を通した挿し木を行うと同時に屋内インテリアとして底潅水栽培を利用するため、画一的な形状や材質は問わない。タンクと栽培容器を自由に組み合わせ個人の好みによる栽培でインテリア栽培としての構築は可能であり、新しい形態をもつ栽培を目指すことも可能である。底潅水は上から潅水が不要な栽培でありインテリアとして自由な発想で栽培を目指すので、紙や布などの素材を持つ盆景や盆栽の屋内観賞も可能であり、同時に美しく、大きく咲くインドアガーデニングとしての要望にも応じることで、産業上の効果が見込まれ。いままでのジョウロのよる上潅水の水遣りの煩わしさと水遣り技術から解放され、栽培に手間がかからなくなり、病院や介護施設、一般家庭などの高齢者や身体的に不自由な人々にも、屋内での花栽培が出来るので、高齢者に趣味を与え生活に潤いと喜びを与え得ることができ、福祉にも繋がるものである。Since the bottom irrigation cultivation system of the present invention performs cuttings throughout the year and at the same time uses bottom irrigation cultivation as an indoor interior, the uniform shape and material are not limited. It is possible to construct as interior cultivation by combining tanks and cultivation containers freely, and it is possible to aim for cultivation with new forms. Bottom irrigation is a cultivation that does not require irrigation from the top and aims to grow with free ideas as an interior, so it is possible to view bonsai with materials such as paper and cloth and indoor viewing of bonsai, and at the same time as beautiful and large blooming indoor gardening By responding to the demands of the industry, industrial effects are expected. Freed from the troublesome watering technique and watering technology of watering up to now, the cultivation is not troublesome, and it is indoors for elderly people and physically handicapped people such as hospitals, nursing homes, general households, etc. Because it can grow flowers in Japan, it can give hobby to elderly people and give them happiness and joy in their lives.
1栽培容器 2下部タンク 3吸水紐 4培養土 5水 6挿し木
A 吸水紐貫通穴 B 吸水紐頭 C 吸水紐胴体 D マルチング材
E 遮根透水シート F タンクカバー G 水量計DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation container 2 Lower tank 3 Water absorption string 4 Culture soil 5 Water 6 Cuttings A Water absorption string through-hole B Water absorption string head C Water absorption string fuselage D Marching material E Root water-permeable sheet F Tank cover G Water meter
表1は頭を付けた帯状フェルト紐とマイクロクロス形成の給水紐の吸い上げ水量の比較と、胴体の太さと吸い上げ水量、給水紐の1cm−10cmにおいての吸い上げ距離と水量の関係を表したものであり、測定時間は3時間である。胴体の頭の部分はマイクロクロス10cmx15cm 乾燥時3gを巻き吸水させる。この重量は布の重さを含むものであり、マイクロクロスの飽和重量(水に漬け、それ以上水を吸収しない重さ)は19gであり19gを100%とする。Table 1 shows a comparison of the amount of water sucked up by a belt-like felt cord with a head and a water supply cord formed with a micro cloth, and the relationship between the thickness of the trunk, the amount of water sucked up, the suction distance and the amount of water at 1-10 cm of the water supply cord. Yes, the measurement time is 3 hours. The head part of the body is wound with 3 g of microcloth 10 cm × 15 cm when dried. This weight includes the weight of the cloth, and the saturated weight of the micro cloth (the weight that is soaked in water and does not absorb water any more) is 19 g, and 19 g is 100%.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019024396A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-21 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Production method of plant cutting seedlings |
CN109429786A (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-03-08 | 苏九宇 | A kind of urban road guardrail flower-pot without watering |
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2012
- 2012-06-05 JP JP2012139171A patent/JP2013252121A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019024396A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-21 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Production method of plant cutting seedlings |
CN109429786A (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-03-08 | 苏九宇 | A kind of urban road guardrail flower-pot without watering |
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