SU1755741A1 - Substrate for growing plants in sheltered ground - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: agriculture for growing plants in greenhouses. Summary of the Invention; The substrate for growing plants in protected ground, containing peat, which, to improve thermal conditions, increase yields and accelerate fruit ripening, additionally contains tails — waste of phosphate rock ore and organic lime concentrate — waste concentrate of combustible shale in the following ratio, wt. %: tails of enrichment of phosphate ore 35-50; organo-known concentrate - combustible shale processing waste 1.5-2.0, peat - the rest. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to substrates for growing plants in greenhouses.

A biologically active soil is known, including slightly decomposed peat; uterine culture of autochthonous microflora B (AMB) and waste production of phosphate fertilizers in the amount of 7-10% by weight of peat.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is low resistance to leaching of nutrients, poor effect on thermal conditions, the need for a long period of keeping the substrate under strictly defined temperature conditions before using. All of the above does not contribute to increasing the yield of agricultural crops when grown on a known substrate. Substrates for greenhouses are known, consisting of a mixture of turf or field land and

greenhouse humus, as well as from turf or field land with sand. The disadvantage of these substrates is relatively low porosity and water holding capacity. The second substrate is also characterized by a weak supply of nutritional elements, which reduces the yield of vegetable crops grown on such substrates. In addition, the harvesting of sod and field land is associated with environmental disturbances in large areas. The high volumetric mass of the substrate causes the greater labor intensity of work when using them.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result the technical solution is a substrate based on lowland peat with impurities. As an impurity, the substrate contains manure of humus, sand and compost prepared from waste woodworking industries and mineral fertilizers / urea

N4 (I SL N

and superphosphate) Compost adds up to 30% of the total volume to peat soil.

The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the following. The effect on the temperature is weak due to the insufficient amount of sand in the substrate, which does not have a significant effect on the increase in yield.

The known substrate has a low content of trace elements necessary for the growth and development of plants, which also has a negative effect on the growth and development of plants, and ultimately does not contribute to an increase in yield. The possibility of an increase in acidity in a known substrate is not excluded due to the fact that the necessary amount of calcium-containing materials is not added, which also does not contribute to an increase in yield. The process of making the substrate is rather complicated and time-consuming due to the need to pre-compost to obtain the substrate.

The aim of the invention is to improve the thermal regime, increase yields and accelerate fruit ripening.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the substrate for growing plants in protected ground, including peat, according to the invention, additionally contains tails - phosphorite ore dressing waste and organo-lime concentrate - oil shale dressing waste in the following ratio, wt.%: Tails - dressing waste phosphate ore 35–50 Organo-known concentrate - combustible shale processing waste 1.5–2.0 Peat. Remaining A related analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allows us to conclude that my substrate differs from the known presence of new components: tailings - waste beneficiation of phosphate rock organoizvestn kovogo concentrate and tailings shale.

An analysis of known substrate compositions for growing agricultural crops in greenhouses shows that it is known to use phosphoric fertilizer waste as a component of biologically active soil for greenhouses.

However, as a result of experimental studies, the mass of waste in the claimed substrate leads to the creation of a qualitatively new soil, which has improved thermal, physical and water-physical characteristics, a sufficient content of

trace elements and not requiring the use of phosphate fertilizers for 4-6 years. In addition, studies show that the use of a mixture of wastes is not known today.

0 of these plants with peat for growing in greenhouses.

The proposed substrate can be obtained by conventional mechanical mixing in the stated ratios.

5 components. The substrate can be prepared at any time of the year, either immediately before the greenhouse filling, or in advance. For the preparation of the substrate, it is necessary to use peat moisture

0 more than 65%. Tails - waste phosphorite ore must contain phosphorus not less than 1%, and in the production of combustible shale production (screening) the content of Ca-CO must be at least 65%. The content of particles with a diameter of more than 2 cm in the waste of the production of oil shale should be no more than 5%.

Experimental studies have shown that the claimed ratio of components in the substrate gives a significant yield increase. Outside the claimed ratio, there is no significant increase in yield (see table), as well as the improvement of the water-physical properties of the soil.

The increase in thermal conditions occurs due to the silicium contained in the phosphate rock ore.

The table shows the data on the effectiveness of the use of the proposed substrate in comparison with the prototype. The claimed substrate has improved water-physical properties compared to the prototype. Its density increases by

from 0.1-0.24 g / cm, the full capacity is reduced by 121-207%, the sum of temperatures increases by 113-179 ° C over the growing season. Crop maturation is accelerated by 6-11 days with good quality and

.. high marketable products, the nitrate content is significantly lower than the MPC.

The use in agriculture of substrates based on industrial waste contributes to the improvement of thermal

regime, increase yields and accelerate fruit ripening. In addition, it contributes to an increase in the area of land used in the national economy by reducing the territories occupied by haostohranilischih, and also contributes to the improvement of the ecological situation.

Claims (1)

Claims of the invention The substrate for growing plants in greenhouses, including peat, is characterized in that, in order to improve the thermal regime, increase yields and accelerate fruit ripening, it additionally contains tails - phosphorite ore processing waste and gano-lime concentrate - combustible shale waste with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Tails - phosphorite ore dressing waste35-50 Organ-lime concentrate - combustible shale waste 1.5-2.0 Peat Total