SU1759267A1 - Method of preparing soil for potato plating - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the invention: form three vertical soil Russ: bottom loosened to a depth of 30-50 cm, medium - nutrient, consisting of a mixture of local fertilizers containing 50-6C t / ha of humus, 15 t / ha of bird droppings, pond silt and peat , at 8–10 t / ha of dolomite flour, leaf litter, bone and wood ash, the top one is rooted, 35–40 t / ha with a mixture of sawdust. In peat, taken in equal parts. Planting of tubers is carried out in the ridges of the upper russe, the distance between the middle nutrient layer and the potato is 5-6 cm. 1 Cp. Of the sheet, table 3.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of potatoes.

A known method of preparing the soil consists of applying a complex of fertilizers to the wells, mixing with the soil, and planting potatoes in the wells (B.A. Pisarev Early Potatoes. The library of amateur vegetable growers. Russell Publishing House, 1985, p.44).

This method is ineffective, since it requires a significant amount of labor when introducing compost into each well, and the planting takes place over a prolonged period.

A known method of preparing the soil for potatoes, including layer-by-layer tillage at intervals of time: first 12-14 cm, 5-6 days 15-25 cm and 2-3 days before planting 27-30 cm with the incorporation of mineral fertilizers ( RKGaleev and others. How to prepare the soil before planting - Potatoes and vegetables. M ,: Agropromizdat, 1988, No. 2, p. 3).

With this method, the local application of optimal doses of fertilizers does not provide the soil and plants with nutrients.

The closest to the invention is a method that includes pre-sowing tillage, layering fertilizers and planting tubers (Pisarev, BA, A Book about potatoes. Moscow Worker, 1977, pp. 140-160). The known method has 7 drawbacks, as layering fertilizer requires multiple mechanical treatments, and shallow embedding (6-8 cm) does not provide aeration of the soil at a depth below the root zone (20-30 cm), which reduces the amount of microorganisms and the accumulation of humus in the soil .

The purpose of the invention is to increase the fertility of the soil.

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The goal is achieved by the fact that, as a result of tillage, three vertical soil russes are formed: the lower one - to the soil layer loosened to a depth of 30-50 cm, the middle - nutritious, consisting of a mixture of local fertilizers containing 50-60 t / ha of humus, 15–20 t / ha of bird droppings, pond sludge and peat, 8–10 t / ha of dolomite flour, leaf litter, bone and wood ash, the top root yield, fertilizer 35–40 t / ha with a mixture of sawdust and peat taken in equal parts. Planting of tubers is carried out in the ridges of the upper rus at a distance of 5-6 cm from the middle rus.

The method is carried out as follows.

Before planting, deep loosening of the furrows is carried out to a depth of 30-50 cm, after which dry nutrient mixture is introduced, successively consisting of 50-60 t / ha of humus, 15-20 t / ha of bird droppings, 15-20 t / hectare of pond sludge, 15-20 t / ha of peat, 8-10 t / ha of leaf opadz, 8-10 t / ha of dolomite flour, 8-10 g / ha of bone — or fish meal and 8-10 t / ha of wood ash . A mixture of wood sawdust and peat at the rate of 35–40 t / ha is brought in equal parts onto the surface of a group or grain with a layer of 15–20 cm. This mixture is applied to the ridges of a potato brand CH-4B with combined coulters c. while planting potatoes in the furrows. Landing is carried out as follows. so that between the planting material and the nutrient mixture (2nd layer) there is a distance of 5-6 cm,

In the root zone, consisting of a mixture of chernozem, sawdust and peat, there is good porosity, moisture access, aeration of the air and ground carbon dioxide gas. Such a structure allows plants to be preserved during the growing season without loosening by cultivators, which reduces costs.

The nutrient (2nd layer), consisting of a mixture of local fertilizers, activates the work of microorganisms in the soil, retains heat and gold, and regulates the amount of nutrients. In particular, the dolomitic muc. Decomposes within 30 years, leaving 3% of nutrients annually, a type of fertilizer, applied only. for 12-15 years, increases fertility, ..h .., by improving its structure, and by containing /; - n ,; l magnesium contributes to a healthy: -; :: (;; it regulates gradual rzz ;; o; x -.-.: -; not all KJMnoH6HTOB mixtures and oats; about: .- -x microorganisms. All this is a problem;,;, :: accumulation of humus in the soil.

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Pond sludge also contains a large number of trace elements (humic acids, Ca, Md, and others) and provides a mixture of other components of the mixture fertile soil.

Leaf litter gives good results in the formation of humus, which is an excellent feed for earthworms,

The last, loosened layer (3rd), before planting to a depth of 30-50 cm, is aerated, collects excess zlaga and regulates the flow in the upper layers. The carbon dioxide formed in it contributes to the decomposition of the organic matter and

Soil preparation by the proposed method allows planting at 5cvies early, as the layers retain heat, moisture and nourishment.

At. N; e p 1. Spent over a depth of 30-50 cm. After cutting the furrows, a nutrient mixture was introduced, t / ha: 50 humus, 15 bird droppings, 15 pond silt, 15 peat, 8 leaf litter, 15 dolomite flour, 8 bone or fish flour and 8 wood ash. The first nutrient layer was embedded under the bottom of the furrow of a depth of 5–5 cm. Planting was carried out simultaneously with the addition of different E parts of 35 t / ha to the surface of the smsi ridges on the surface. The soil is covered with the upper humus plant and is aggregated in the boron- /; Club: -: 1 ,, closed up with a specialty of 5 seconds; , -med; ; go nwvsrap-HOi O GLOR

: p and. with p .. yu ;; l;: gkk: .- -ap: ;; :: ix a ranck of weighty prod. loosening in the bottom oooozd; (G10 C.i) with a spun; / - ing introduction of the nutrient mixture lz calculation of T / Va: 60 humus, 1 bird droppings. 15 prudovs .; , 10 torFy, 10 leaves; - of fallen leaves. 1U dopomigovoy flour and M; Drevchenoy 50g, s. On the c / g o and the mixture was dumped by a cegpasem. the surface of the ridge is 6 cm. and then noca.v.y tubers with t-yusekie pry - yykh opil-- were used: - on the calculation - on the introduction of osu mixture: .1 years 12. Every year, gluchuche-l from one site. By -.; - The results of pr: .- pedals in table. 1-3.

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em yields per hectare area of 20-40 t / ha.

Formula 1 and batch 1. Method of soil preparation for planting krstofel, including pre-sowing tillage, layering fertilizers and planting tubers, different in that, in order to pozhyvya soil fertility, as a result of tillage form three vertical soil russes: the lower soil layer, loosened to a depth of 30-50 cm; the middle soil is the pit SPOSOS PODS TOVK | SOILS

Yield, t / ha

fertilizer application

1 P POTCTHTJJ

; Proposed

solid, consisting of a mixture of local fertilizers containing 50–60 tons / ha of humus, 15–20 t / ha of bird droppings, pond silt, g /) peat, 8–10 tons / ha of dolomite flour, leaf litter, bone and wood the sol, the top root, fertilized 35-40 t / ha with a mixture of sawdust and tor-Fz, taken in equal parts, and the landing-room is carried out in the ridges of the upper rus. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the tubers are planted at a distance of 5-6 cm from the average nutritious rus.

Table 1

The humus content,%

after 2 years I after 10 years

0.75

0.74

0.83

0.96

table 2

Table 3

Claims (2)

1. A method of preparing soil for planting potatoes, including presowing! processing i. -soils, layer-by-layer fertilization and planting of tubers, weaning ζ · ?. the fact that, in order to increase soil fertility, as a result of tillage, three vertical soil layers of 1 tier are formed: the lower soil layer, loosened to a depth of 30-50 cm, the middle soil is a nutrient layer consisting of a mixture of local fertilizers containing 50 ~ 60 t / ha humus, 15-20 t / ha of bird droppings, pond silt and peat, 8-10 t / ha of dolomite flour. > leaf litter, bone and wood sol, the upper one is root inhabited, fertilized with 35-40 t / ha with a mixture of sawdust and peat taken in equal parts, and tubers are planted in the crests of the upper tier. 0 2. The method according to claim 1, about t and h and yuy and with that. that tubers are planted at a distance of 5-6 cm from the middle nutrient layer.