RU2091423C1 - Method of improving soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: land reclamation. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to inorganic melioration agents applicable chiefly in hothouse olericulture. Method consists in mixing opal-cristobalite rock crushed to 1-2 mm particle size with standard peat-sawdust substrate and introducing prepared mixture into soil in amount 10 to 20%. EFFECT: improved structure and productivity of soils. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to inorganic ameliorants for improving the structure and productivity of soils, and can be used in crop production, mainly greenhouse farming.

 The addition to the soil of various substances that change the structure and properties of soils and soils is widely used in agriculture, mining, road construction and other industries for various purposes. The claimed solution is aimed at improving the structure and properties of soils and soils, using for growing crops, mainly grown in greenhouse conditions.

 A number of natural reclamants are known in the art. For example, it is known to use perlite, a light rock of volcanic origin for improving heavy soils (ed. St. USSR N 1043158, MKI C 09 K 17/00, publ. BI N 35, 1983; UK application N 2206840, MKI C 09 K 17 / 00, publ. 15.01.89). It is also known to use clinoptilolite in a mixture with peat (ed. St. USSR N 1240784, MKI C 09 K 17/00, publ. BI N 24, 1986), phlogopite mixed with phosphogypsum (ed. St. USSR N 1308613, MKI C 09 K 17/00, publ. BI N 17, 1987), crushed coral limestone (Japanese application N 56-28950 MKI C 09 K 17/00, publ. 07.04.91). The aforementioned ameliorants relate to materials with greater or lesser porosity, which ensures, among other things, the prolonged release of various mineral additives into the soil, as well as the binding of pollutants present in the soil.

 Closest to the claimed is a method of land reclamation, including the application of porous materials, for example, expanded clay, furnace slag, pumice slag, and these materials are treated with aqueous trace elements before entering the soil (ed. St. USSR N 1516025, MKI C 09 KN 17/00, publ. BI N 39, 1989). The method either requires special preparation of ameliorant (expanded clay, pumice), or leads to soil contamination (furnace slag). To eliminate these shortcomings, the claimed method is directed.

 The inventive method differs from the known one in that as a porous material introduced into the soil, crushed opal-cristobalite rock is used. The rock can be treated with solutions of mineral salts before application.

 The essence of the proposed solution is as follows. A soil substrate for growing, mainly in greenhouses, vegetables is prepared by mixing, for example, peat and opal-cristobalite rock, crushed to a particle size of 1 2 mm. The substrate is placed in a greenhouse, sowing or planting seedlings is made, fertilizers are applied. The latter can be introduced into the substrate in the process of its preparation. Next, produce a full cycle of growing crops using traditional technology.

The opal-cristobalite rock is a fine-porous sedimentary rock: fine-grained fragments of cristobalite and the remains of globularia. The rock contains 70-80% amorphous silica, 5-7% Al ₂ O ₃ , 3-4% Fe ₂ O ₃ , 1-2% CaO, 1-2% CO ₂ , 8-10% H ₂ O and has a density in the range of 0.9 to 1.9 kg / m ³ . The presence of amorphous silica is probably the reason for increasing the yield of agricultural crops, in any case, the use of dusty waste from the production of metallic silicon to increase the yield of potatoes is known (ed. St. USSR N 1808863, MKI C 09 K 17/00, publ. 19.04.93).

 The inventive method is illustrated by the following examples. The experiments were carried out in a typical farm "Ordzhonikidzevsky." We studied the effect and conditions of adding an opal-cristobalite rock additive to a standard greenhouse soil on the productivity of cucumber cultivar Relay. Plants were grown in low-volume culture according to the methodology of the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture "Greenhouse vegetable growing of the Urals", Sverdlovsk, Wed.- Ur. Prince ed. 1979. p. 37-52).

In the experimental version, 20% by volume of opal-cristobalite rock of the Krasnogvardeisky deposit, a fraction of 1-2 mm, was added to a standard peat-sawdust substrate. The amounts of fertilizers applied and the operations for the care of the plants were the same in control and experience and corresponded to the requirements of the technology. The experiment was carried out in 4 ^x replicates. Area ridges 3 m ² was placed on the ridges to 14 plants.

 The results of the experiment are given in table. 1. Data on fruit collection are grouped into three periods, each of which lasts about a month.

 Table material 1. indicates a higher productivity of the experimental reclamant with the claimed additive compared with the control, both for the total yield, as well as for the crops for the allotted time intervals. It should be noted that a relatively higher yield of early production in the experiment. In the first two months, the excess of experience over control was 28-30% and in the last month 11%. An increase in the share of early production in the total crop is of economic interest, since the latter is sold at a higher price.

Another example demonstrating the positive effect of the additive on plants is the experience of growing tomato seedlings of the Early Love variety. The experience was planned as multifactorial, with varying factors at two levels. The factors studied were: X ₁ mineral fertilizers; at the (+) level of the factor, a full dose of complex fertilizers was added to the background substrate, according to the recommendations of the technology, at the (-) level of fertilizer, they were not applied. X ₂ additive; at the (+) level, 10% by volume of opal-cristobalite rock of a fraction of 1-2 mm was added to the substrate; at the (-) level, no flask was added. The background is a peat-sawdust substrate with a peat: sawdust ratio of 7: 3. As the recorded parameters characterizing the effect of the studied factors on the development of plants, we selected: the average seedling height, cm (Y ₁ ) and the average leaf area of one plant, cm ² (Y ₂ ) on the 40th day from the moment of sowing the seeds.

Regression Equations:
Y ₁ 23.0 + 8.6X ₁ + 2.4X ₂ + 1.9X ₁ • X ₂
Y ₂ 686 + 486X ₁ + 90X ₂ + 65X ₁ • X ₂
During statistical processing, all coefficients in the regression equations turned out to be positive. Noteworthy in the regression equations is not only the significance of linear coefficients with respect to the factor X ₂ , i.e. additive, but also noteworthy is the importance of pairwise interactions between the additive and the fertilizer applied. The latter indicates an increase in the effectiveness of the applied mineral fertilizers when used together with opal cristobalite, apparently due to the penetration of the fertilizer components into the pores of the additive and their prolonged release into the soil.

 The experiments clearly confirm the feasibility of the proposed method and the positive effect of the addition of crushed opal-cristobalite rocks on the productivity of vegetable crops.

Claims (1)

 A method of soil reclamation, including the introduction of porous materials into the soil, characterized in that sedimentary rock containing amorphous silica, opalcristobalite rock, crushed to a particle size of 1 to 2 mm is used as a porous material, and the material is added in an amount of 10 to 20 wt. from the soil.

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