JPH05227833A - Culture soil for agriculture and horticulture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an artificial culture soil excellent in the water permeability, water retainability and fertilizer retainability by adding the powder of rocks to an artificial culture soil consisting mainly of peat moss. CONSTITUTION:The culture soil comprises 21-40wt.% and 35-60vol.% of beat moss, 23-40wt.% and 25-35vol.% of granular rock wool, 10-20wt.% and 20-30vol.% of perlite, and 14-30wt.% and 2-10vol.% of rock powder.

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural culture soil in which rock fine powder discharged from a quarry or the like is effectively used.

[0001]

2. Description of the Related Art The conditions required for so-called artificial culture soil that does not use natural soil are as follows. (A) Mass production and stable supply are possible. (B) Presence of pathogenic bacteria, pests, seeds of weeds, etc., and no contamination. (C) Light weight. (D) Excellent breathability, water retention, fertilizing power, etc. (E) Homogeneous and not easily deteriorated.

As an artificial culture soil satisfying these conditions, there are those which are mainly composed of peat moss and which are mixed with various organic and inorganic materials. This artificial culture soil satisfies the above-mentioned conditions such as being homogeneous and lightweight, allowing stable supply of raw materials. The artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss generally has a peat moss content of 30 to 80% and a total of 6% including other organic materials.
There are many formulations in which 0 to 80% is organic and the remaining 20 to 40% is an inorganic material, and its applications are wide-ranging, including those for vegetables and flowers.

As an inorganic material added to peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, zeolite, iron slag, foamed brick, lightweight aggregate, lightweight cellular concrete pieces, bentonite clay, acid clay, diatomaceous earth, shirasu, granular rock wool, etc. are known. Has been. In particular, peat moss + perlite, vermiculite, and peat moss + granular rock wool have been conventionally blended in Europe and the United States, and in Japan, there are many examples in which they are put to practical use as shown in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 49-46736.

[0004]

However, the artificial culture soil with these blends has many problems in terms of water permeability, water retention and fertilizing ability. Water permeability and water retention are contradictory conditions, and if water permeability is too high,
Since it takes time and labor to irrigate and the frequency of irrigation increases, the fertilizer is washed away, resulting in insufficient plant growth, such as thinning of the stem diameter. On the other hand, if the water retention property is too good, an adverse effect due to overhumidity occurs, causing problems such as root rot. In addition, depending on the material blended in peat moss, there is a problem that the base materials are not compatible with each other and the base materials are separated.

By the way, the crushed rock powder generated from a quarry is generally not used for any purpose, so that it has been conventionally left in an open field in the quarry as industrial waste.

The inventors of the present invention have earnestly studied the effective use of this rock powder as a culture soil. However, the stable discharge of a homogeneous powder, and the simple substance cannot be used as a medium, Focusing on that clogging by fine powder is also suppressed by mixing with granular rockwool, etc., by blending the one of the optimum particle size range of this into an artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss, at an appropriate ratio, It was found that an artificial culture soil excellent in water permeability, water retention, and fertilizing ability can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.

[0007]

In the present invention, peat moss, granular rock wool, and pearlite have a grain size of 0.
It has been confirmed that the use of an agricultural and horticultural culture soil mixed with rock powder containing at least clay and silt within a range of 6 mm or less enhances the germination rate and growth of cultivated plants and is effective in obtaining healthy seedlings. There is.

The preferable mixing ratio is peat moss 21 to 40 wt% 35 to 60 vol% granular rock wool 23 to 40 〃 25 to 35 〃 perlite 10 to 20 wt% 20 to 30 〃 vol% rock powder 14 to 30 〃 2 to 10 The range 〃 is valid.

The particle size and properties of the substances constituting this composition are shown in Table 1 below. (Example)

[0010]

[Table 1] The properties of rock powder differ depending on the quarry where it is produced. As an example, in the case of a mixture of igneous rocks containing zeolitic zeolite, its particle size and composition are as shown in Table 2 below.

[0011]

[Table 2] The rock powder used as described above is composed only of clay, silt, and fine sand, and preferably contains at least 5 to 30% of clay content. The type of rock powder used is most preferably tuff and igneous rocks, and other rocks can be used as long as they satisfy the above composition range.

Naturally, it is also an important condition that harmful substances such as heavy metals are not contained above the reference value.

When the mixing ratio of the rock powder in the culture soil having the above composition is less than 2 vol% in volume ratio, there is no effect of promoting healthy seedling growth by maintaining a suitable water state, and 1
When it exceeds 0 vol%, the water permeability becomes poor, so the above range of the compounding ratio is desirable.

[0014]

The function of each substance of the above composition is as follows. Pete Moss: Water retention, CEC, buffering, neutralization of alkaline materials, improvement of soil physical properties Granular rock wool: Water retention, breathability Perlite: Water retention, breathability, heat retention In addition to the above By adding the rock powder having the above particle size distribution in an appropriate amount in the above mixing ratio, (1) the sustainability of the water state suitable for plants is improved. (2) Since the rock powder is sprinkled, the peat moss, the granular rock wool, and the pearlite are well compatible with each other, the separation of the base material is reduced, and the water dispersibility is improved. (3) The clay particles contained in the rock powder become colloids, so that a reaction close to that of natural soil is performed. (4) The rock powder is a mixture of fine sand, silt, and clay as shown in Table 2 above, and the risk of overhumidity is smaller than that when only clay or silt is added.

[0015]

EXAMPLES Next, examples will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1. Cucumbers were grown using artificial culture soils of the following composition, and the growth conditions were compared between the culture soil of the present invention, the peat moss mixed culture soil and a commercially available product, and the results shown in Table 3 below were obtained. The composition and mixing ratio of the culture soil of the present invention are as follows.

Pete moss 31.1 wt% 43.6 vol% granular rock wool 35.1 〃 31.7 〃 perlite 13.0 〃 22.0 〃 rock powder 20.8 〃 2.7 〃 The rock powder used in the blending is It has the composition shown in Table 2. The evaluation of the growth situation is ◎, ○, △,
Displayed in the order of x.

[0018]

[Table 3] As is clear from the results shown in Table 3, the use of the rock-containing powdery culture soil of the present invention saves labor for irrigation,
Moreover, it was confirmed that it is effective for promoting plant growth. This suggests that the culture soil of the present invention is rich in appropriate moisturizing power and fertilizing power.

Example 2. Next, broccoli was grown using an artificial culture soil having the same composition as in Example 1, and the initial growth was compared between the culture soil of the present invention, the peat moss mixed culture soil and a commercially available product. The results shown were obtained.

[0020]

[Table 4] As is clear from the results shown in Table 4, when the culture soil of the present invention is used, the germination rate is high and the probability of inferior seedlings is low. This suggests that the culture soil of the present invention has an appropriate moisturizing power and therefore has suitable soil physical properties for raising seedlings.

Comparative Example. As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), Example 1. Artificial culture soil 1 with the composition of and rock powder 10vo
Artificial culture soil 2 of the composition of the comparative example exceeding 1% was filled in each 540 ml of polypot 3 and each culture soil 1, 2 was added.
Excess water was irrigated with the seeds 4 buried near the surface of the soil, and in the case of the culture soil 1 of Example 1, drainage was started from the bottom after 3 to 5 seconds, and after 30 seconds, most of it was drained. Excess water was drained, the surface did not change much from the original filling state as shown in FIG. 1 (c), and the position of the seed 4 did not change. On the other hand, in the comparative example formulation, the water was not drained satisfactorily even after 30 seconds, and the stimulus such as tapping was applied to the composition of FIG.
As shown in (d), the position of the seed 4 changed greatly as it flowed along with the culture soil in the state of being greatly depressed.

This means that when the amount of rock powder exceeds the range of the present invention, the whole culture soil becomes clay-like in nature and becomes over-humidified, and the base material is immediately separated by external stimulus. It is suggested that Therefore,
In the present invention, the amount of rock powder blended is 2 to 10 vol% (14 to
30 wt%), and further is the formulation of the example 2.
7 vol% (20.8 wt%) is preferable.

[0023]

As described above in detail with reference to the examples, in the agricultural and horticultural culture soil according to the present invention, the persistence of the water state suitable for plants is improved, and peat moss, granular rock wool, and perlite are mixed with each other. The compatibility of the soil is improved, the separation of the base material is eliminated, and the clay particles contained in the rock powder become colloids, which causes a reaction close to that of natural soil. While enjoying the advantages of the culture soil, it is suitable for growing plants because it eliminates the imbalance between water retention and water permeability, which is a drawback, increases fertilizing power, and prevents substrate separation. Further, in the present invention, since a large amount of waste that has conventionally been left as waste in a quarry or the like can be effectively used as it is, there is an advantage that costs such as raw material costs can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a sectional view of the culture soil of the present invention before watering. (B) is a cross-sectional view of the culture soil exceeding the upper limit of the present invention before watering. (C) is a sectional view showing a state after irrigation in the present invention. (D) is a sectional view showing a state after irrigation of the culture soil exceeding the upper limit of the present invention.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An agricultural and horticultural culture soil comprising peat moss, granular rockwool, and pearlite mixed with rock powder containing at least clay and silt within a grain size of 0.6 mm or less. 2. The mixing ratio of peat moss is 21 to 40 wt%.
(35-60vol%) The compounding ratio of granular rock wool is 23
-40 wt% (25-35 vol%), the mixing ratio of pearlite is 10-20 wt% (20-30 vol%), and the mixing ratio of rock powder is 14-30 wt% (2-10 vol%). Item 1. Agricultural and horticultural culture soil according to item 1.