JP2579822B2 - Method for producing peeled seeds for cultivation - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for promoting the germination of certain seeds that reduces the germination time of certain seeds sown and eliminates irregular germination.

[Prior art] It is very important to grow a certain seed that has been sown uniformly over time and to grow it at a high germination rate, for example, in order to produce particularly fast-growing spinach with good harvest.

For certain seed germination, it is necessary to first absorb water.

The certainty seed is usually covered with a hard seed coat, and the seed coat absorbs water, and then the embryo inside the seed coat absorbs water.

Therefore, in normal cultivation, the seeds are often immersed in water for 20 to 24 hours before being sown so that the seed coat sufficiently absorbs the water so as to germinate smoothly.

After the seeds absorb water, stored nutrients are decomposed inside the seed coat, hormones are synthesized, and the seedlings begin to develop and elongate radicles.

In addition to promoting germination by such water, it is also known to treat in the presence of chemical substances such as gibberellin, benzyladenine, kinetin, thiourea, esrel, hydrogen peroxide, potassium nitrite and sodium hypochlorite. I have.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, when hard seeds are immersed in water, the seeds do not germinate uniformly when sown in the soil or a sponge for hydroponic cultivation. When bundling the seedlings, slow growing ones had to be removed and selected, resulting in poor efficiency and workability.

On the other hand, when the seed coat is treated with a chemical substance, for example, an alkali treatment, the chemicals penetrate into the inside of the seed coat and may adversely affect normal seeds, which is not preferable.

Therefore, there is a strong demand for a peeled seed that germinates uniformly without adversely affecting the germination growth of the peeled seed, has a short germination time, and improves the harvesting efficiency, and a method for producing the same.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned defects, and as a result, it has been found that the seed coat is peeled at a low temperature.
When peeling, it does not damage the seed coat of the seeds inside, and the low temperature treatment gives the effect of two birds per stone that promotes seed germination, and is found to be extremely effective. Have been found to further promote this effect, and based on these findings, the present invention has been achieved.

That is, the present invention includes the following six items.

1 Seed with seed coat at a temperature of -5 ° C or less, the seed coat is broken, the seed coat is removed, and 100 parts by weight of the peeled seeds are removed.
A method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation, comprising applying 1 to 20 parts by weight of a coating agent.

Item 2. The method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation according to Item 1, wherein the temperature is an extremely low temperature of -30 ° C or less.

[3] The method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation according to [1] or [2], wherein the coating agent contains a fungicide, an insecticide, a hormonal agent, a nutritional agent, or a bird repellent.

4. Item 1, 2 or 3 in which a coloring agent is added to the coating agent
A method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation according to the above.

5. Item 1, wherein the seed is spinach or syringa
5. The method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation according to 2, 3 or 4.

6. Peeling seeds for cultivation according to Item 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the seeds of the cooled seeds are destroyed by removing the seed coats after cooling while sending out the inside of the cooling cylinder with a spiral screw. Manufacturing method.

[Action] The characteristics of the seed germination promotion method of the present invention that the germination is uniform and the germination rate is high are presumed to be due to the following reasons.

First, the low temperature treatment of the seeds stimulates the inside of the seeds to activate the embryo, which triggers the initiation of germination.

Secondly, since the seed coat has been removed, rapid absorption of water means that germination is rapid.

And, to remove the seed coat after the low temperature treatment, the seed coat freezes and loses elasticity at temperatures below -5 ° C,
In particular, when the temperature is set to -30 ° C, and more preferably to a temperature of -70 to -130 ° C, the seed coat becomes more brittle and the seed coat is destroyed even by a slight deformation.

At room temperature, the seed coat has elasticity, and if it is to be destroyed, the seed coat of the seed body inside is easily damaged. When such a wound is formed, so-called atypical germination, in which cotyledons first protrude from seeds from the wound, increases, and coexistence with normal roots, thereby disturbing uniformity of germination.

On the other hand, when the seed coat is broken at a low temperature, particularly at an extremely low temperature, as in the present invention, the seed coat is frozen and brittle, so that only the seed coat can be removed without damaging the seed coat of the seed inside.

Thereby, it is presumed that the uniformity of germination is improved.

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

Examples of the seed used in the germination promotion method of the present invention include spinach, honeysuckle, okra, shungiku, beet, buckwheat, sunflower, burdock, burrs, lettuce, green onions, parsley, beans and the like.

Next, as a method of ultra-low temperature treatment of the seeds described above, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid argon, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquefied carbon dioxide, liquid air, chlorofluorocarbon, etc. can be used. Liquid nitrogen or liquid air and liquefied carbon dioxide are suitable in terms of boiling point and economy. These liquefied gases are sprayed directly onto the seeds in a spray manner, and are cooled in a system in which they are vaporized, so that cooling can be performed efficiently and reliably.

Cooling to directly spray the seeds may be any method, for example, continuously charging the seeds in a cooling cylinder,
The liquefied gas is ejected from a nozzle of a liquefied gas pipe provided in the cooling cylinder while being cooled by a spiral screw, and cooled, and frozen seeds can be sent out from the other end of the cooling cylinder.

Spray-type freezer used A freezing device such as a cool-air circulation type freezer is used to set the temperature in the refrigerator to -10 to -19
The treatment is performed at 6 ° C, preferably -70 to -130 ° C for 30 seconds to 40 minutes.

The seed that has been subjected to ultra-low temperature treatment further peels its seed coat. Examples of methods for peeling the seed coat include two rotating rolls, a vibrating sieve, crushing with high-speed rotating blades, and an apparatus such as a seed jet impingement method. used. In addition, the seed coat can be peeled off by using a device such as a skin remover or a rough roll ball mill.

It is necessary to perform such peeling of the seed coat in a frozen state and a dry state. However, if the seed coat is frozen by injection of a liquefied gas such as liquid nitrogen, it is injected simply by simply sealing the refrigeration system to the pulverization system. Since the liquefied gas evaporates and cool air always flows out of the system, there is no increase in the temperature of the seed coat and no invasion of the humidity of the outside air, and the pulverization can be performed in a dry and frozen state.

Since the seed coat is brittle by using such an apparatus, the seed coat can be crushed with a weak force.

Since the crushing force is small, only the seed coat can be easily separated and separated without damaging the inside of the seed.

When pulverizing the seed coat, if the conventional seed is collected for food, the presence or absence of scratches on the surface of the collected seed has no adverse effect on food, but produces peeled seed for cultivation as in the present invention. In such a case, it is necessary to make the seeds without scratches on the surface of the peeled seeds to prevent atypical germination.

In the pulverization and removal of the frozen seed coat of the present invention, it is desirable to pulverize the seed coat in various ways so as not to damage the surface thereof.

Moreover, the peeled seeds obtained according to the present invention have no seed coat, and thus are easily damaged by impacts during transportation and storage.

There is a possibility that scratches that are not visible to the naked eye are generated on the surface of the peeled seeds even by the freeze peeling step.

If the surface of the peeled seeds is damaged, it is susceptible to environmental changes during transportation or during the distribution process from the store to the cultivation farm, and the germination rate is likely to be reduced. In the case of long-term storage or even after seeding, if there is a wound on the surface of the peeled seeds, various pathogenic bacteria can easily enter through the wound and become contaminated, and may be subject to environmental changes such as humidity and temperature. The germination rate is reduced, and the growth rate becomes uneven.

If the peeled seeds of the present invention are coated with a coating agent, for example, an inorganic oxide such as aluminum oxide or titanium oxide or a variety of clays such as polycoat (trade name, manufactured by Ciba Geigy), scratches caused by impact can be prevented, Microbial invasion can be prevented and resistance to environmental changes can be increased.

The present inventors have found that, by this coating, the germination date is uniformed and the effect of the present invention of suppressing atypical germination is further improved.

For the peeled seeds of the present invention, any coating substance that can be fixed to the surface of the peeled seeds is not particularly limited, as long as it does not prevent the invasion of moisture and unless the substance is harmful to the germination and growth of the seeds. Can be.

In some cases, it is desirable to coat the seeds with a coating agent containing a bactericide, for example, Benrate T (trade name, manufactured by DuPont), Lidomill (trade name, manufactured by Ciba Geigy), etc., in order to prevent the adverse effects of microorganisms. .

Further, germination and growth can be further accelerated by coating the seeds with a coating agent containing a hormonal agent, for example, gibberellin.

Further, an insecticide, for example, Promet (trade name of Ciba Geigy) can be used as a coating agent.

In addition, nutrients can be included in the coating agent. In general, depending on the type of seeds with skin, the seed coat does not stop at merely protecting the seeds, and when germinating in the soil,
In some, the components in the seed coat serve as nutrients necessary for growth.

In order to compensate for the nutritional deficiency in this case, an inorganic or organic nutrient can be included in the coating agent.

As inorganic nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus-based fertilizers and the like can be used, and as organic nutrients, various vitamins or dried and powdered seed coats removed in the peeling step of the present invention may be contained in the coating agent. it can.

The coating agent of the present invention can contain a small amount of a bird repellent.

In general, birds have a habit of not eating germinated seeds,
The seeds that have been sown before germination are a favorite of birds. In order to prevent this, a coating agent containing a bird repellent having a smell or color disliked by birds can be used.

Coating method is a known coating method,
For example, coating can be performed by dropping a seed particle stream from above, spraying a coating agent solution or suspension on the seed particle stream, and drying the solution.

The coating preferably covers the entire surface of the peeled seeds and has a uniform thickness. The amount of coating agent used depends on the coating method,
Although not particularly limited, for example, 1 to 20 parts by weight of a coating agent can be used for 100 parts by weight of seeds.

In addition, if the coating agent described above contains a dye such as a dye or a pigment, it is possible to identify the coating seed or the coating agent, and to determine the variety and the seeding amount and the seeding interval at the time of sowing. It is convenient.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.

Example 1 A spinach seed was put into a freezer device (temperature setting -150 ° C.) equipped with a liquid nitrogen supply container and a spray nozzle using a high back (trade name, manufactured by Asglow Co., Ltd.).
After ultra-low temperature treatment for 5 minutes, take out the seeds, put them in a high-speed rotary wing device modified from a home mixer, perform seed coat crushing treatment for 1 minute, and sieve them to separate only spinach seeds from which the seed coat has been peeled off did.

A germination test was carried out on the seed coat peeled seeds and the untreated seeds with seed coats by both the glass petri dish placing method and the soil direct application method according to the following formulation.

I Glass Petri Dish Placement Method 100 seeds of low-temperature peeling-treated seeds and untreated seeds with seed coats were simultaneously scattered on the floor of urethane home in 4 wards.

The germination status was observed every 24 hours, and the results are shown in Table 1.

In the case of the low-temperature peeling treatment, germination occurs three days faster, and more than half of the germination is concentrated on the second day, so that the effect of uniformly rapid germination is recognized.

Currently, spinach, which is hydroponically cultivated on a urethane floor, is harvested on a 29-day cycle, so germinating 3 days faster shortens the harvest cycle and improves productivity by 10% or more. You can harvest two days faster.

In the past, slow-growing ones were thinned out and discarded for fast harvesting. The work of thinning can be omitted and the yield can be increased. Such an effect is a great effect in spinach cultivation.

II Soil direct seeding method In this case, seeds with seed coats were immersed in water for 24 hours before seeding, and then seeded on the soil at the same time as the seeds subjected to low-temperature exfoliation treatment.

 The state of germination is shown in Table 2.

From these results, it can be seen that the germination rate of the low-temperature exfoliated seeds is good, and 50% or more is concentrated on the first day and almost all germinate within two days.

The untreated seed with seed coat has a poor germination rate, and the germination time is extended over four days, and the growth is not uniform.

Example 2 Spinach seeds obtained by performing the same low-temperature treatment as in Example 1 and spinach seeds obtained by exfoliating the seed coat by hand without using ultra-low temperature treatment were compared for germination time by a glass petri dish placing method. . Table 3 shows the results.

As is clear from Table 3, the spinach seeds whose seed coat was peeled after the ultra-low temperature treatment had a germination rate of 60% at 27 hours after placing, but the spinach seeds whose peel was only peeled without the ultra-low temperature treatment were used. Seeds are delayed for about 20 hours to reach about 60% germination.

Example 3 A seed of syrup was put into a freezer device equipped with a liquid nitrogen supply container, a liquid nitrogen injection nozzle, a temperature sensor, and the like, and was subjected to ultra-low temperature treatment at a set temperature of −85 ° C. for 15 minutes. The seeds were obtained by placing them in a device and subjecting them to a vibration treatment for 7 hours, and peeling the seed coat from the chrysanthemum.

Next, the germination time of the seeds of the chrysanthemum obtained in Example 2 and the seeds of the chrysanthemum, whose seed coat was peeled off using only a roughing roll without performing ultra-low temperature treatment, were compared by a direct soil sowing method. Table 4 shows the results.

As is clear from the results in Table 4, the seeds of the chrysanthemum, whose seed coat has been peeled off after the ultra-low temperature treatment, have a germination rate of about 75% about 4 days after sowing the soil. The germination rate was 25-40% even 7 days after sowing.

Example 4 Example 1 was performed using a cultivar Wagner (manufactured by Sanyo Seedling).
A spinach peeled seed obtained by peeling after low-temperature treatment in the same manner as described above was coated.

The coating agent uses Ciba Geigy's trade name polycoat, spraying this suspension evenly on the seeds,
After drying, 100 parts by weight of seeds
Parts by weight (solids weight) were coated.

This was compared with the cultivation results of the peeled seeds before coating by performing the cultivation test on the soil and the glass petri dish with the following formulation. The results of the soil test are shown in Table 5, and the results of the glass petri dish test are shown in Table 6. .

(Soil test formulation)

Seed number 400 seeds (1 section) Sowing date August 12, 2001 Sowing method Sowing on steam-disinfected soil Temperature normal temperature [Glass Petri dish test prescription] Number of test seeds 1 section, 4 sections of 100 seeds August 22 Seeding method 2 sheets of exposed paper on a 9 cm glass petri dish, 10 to 6 cc water content
0 beds each.

Temperature 20 ° C According to the results of the soil test in Table 5, 63% of the germination of the coated seeds was concentrated on the fourth day as compared with the untreated seeds. On the other hand, the untreated seeds dispersed and germinated on the 4th to 6th days, with 74%
The germination has reached.

When the seed coat was peeled, germination was uniform, but it was found that germination was further promoted by coating.

According to the results shown in Table 6, 72% of the germination of the coated seeds was concentrated on the second day as in the soil test. Untreated seeds have germinated for two days, with the main germination concentrated on the third day.

Coated seeds for atypical germination
It was about 10% lower, and the effect of covering the wound of the seed coat was recognized by coating. In addition, there was about 1% non-germination of each section.

Example 5 Peeled peeled seeds of Sengiku obtained by subjecting a strained Sungiku S type (manufactured by Sanyo Seed Co., Ltd.) to low temperature in the same manner as in Example 2 were coated with clay.

This was compared with the cultivation results of the peeled seeds before coating in a cultivation test.

As a coating agent, a polycoat was used, and 100 parts by weight of seeds were coated with 8 parts by weight of a polycoating agent in the same manner as in Example 4.

This was compared with the cultivation results of the peeled seeds before coating by performing a cultivation test on soil and a glass petri dish with the following formulation, and the soil test results are shown in Table 7 and the glass petri dish test results are shown in Table 8. .

(Soil test formulation)

Number of test seeds 400 (1 ward) Sowing date August 8, 2001 Seeding method Seeding on steam-disinfected soil Normal temperature [Glass Petri dish test recipe] Number of test seeds 1 ward, 100 wards 4 laying days August 8, 1999 Seeding method 2 pieces of exposed paper on 9cm glass petri dish, 10 pieces of water 6cc
0 beds each.

Temperature 20 ° C From the results of the soil test, 64% of the germination of the seeds treated with the coating agent was more concentrated on the fourth day than the untreated seeds. On the other hand, untreated seeds dispersed and germinated on the fourth to sixth days, reaching 60% germination. It was found that the germination was uniform when the fruit cover was peeled off, and that the germination was further promoted by coating.

From the results of the glass petri dish test, in the germination test, 47% of the germination of the coated seeds germinated on the first day. Untreated seeds have germinated 63% on day 2 and coated seeds germinate faster.

7% coated seeds for atypical germination
The effect was low, and the effect of covering the wound of the seed coat was recognized by coating. In addition, there was about 8% ungermination in each section.

[Effects of the Invention] Seeds from which the seed coat has been peeled and removed by the low-temperature treatment according to the treatment method of the present invention are very superior in germination rate and uniformity of growth as compared with seeds with seed coats. Compared to the seeds that were simply peeled off without performing the seed coat, for example, spinach, etc., germinated very quickly with a 60% germination rate achieving time ratio of about 20 hours, and the germination uniformity was good and the seedling selection time This is extremely useful as a method for promoting uniform germination of seeds in soil cultivation and hydroponic cultivation.

Furthermore, coating the peeled seeds to protect the seed surface is effective for uniform germination and preventing apical germination, and when a medicinal substance is used as a coating agent, the growth by nutrients or hormonal agents is caused by the respective medicinal effects. It has the effect of promoting, protecting against pathogens, killing insects and repelling birds. In addition, the type of seed or coating can be identified by coloring the coating agent.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mitsuji Takahama 96, Shiranbashi, Shimama-ku, Himeji-shi, Hyogo (72) Inventor Hiroshi Nohara 1-6-1, Chuo, Kuki-shi, Saitama (56) References JP 62 -96005 (JP, A) JP-B-51-31751 (JP, B2) Practical application A microfilm of the contents of the specification and drawings attached to the application form of Japanese Patent Application No. 57-54424 (Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-15819). (JP, U)

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for producing seeds with seed coat at a temperature of -5 ° C or lower.
A method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation, wherein the seed coat is destroyed, the seed coat is removed, and 1 to 20 parts by weight of a coating agent is applied to 100 parts by weight of the peeled seed. 2. An ultra-low temperature of -30 ° C. or less.
A method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation according to the above. 3. The method for producing peeled seeds for cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the coating agent contains a fungicide, an insecticide, a hormonal agent, a nutritional agent or a bird repellent. 4. The method for producing peeled seeds for cultivation according to claim 1, wherein a coloring agent is added to the coating agent. 5. The method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the seed is spinach or chrysanthemum. 6. The cooling seed is cooled while being sent out by a helical screw, and then the seed coat of the cooled seed is destroyed to remove the seed coat.
A method for producing a peeled seed for cultivation according to the above.