JPS6296005A - Treatment of seed - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a seed processing method for selecting sugar beet seeds and obtaining seeds with a high germination rate.

(Prior art) Sugar beet seeds are sugar beet seeds that are used as a raw material for producing sugar beet.
There are two types of seeds: multi-embryonic seeds and single-embryonic seeds, but in recent years, in consideration of reducing thinning labor and adaptability to mechanization of seeding machines,
Single-embryo seeds are often used. These seeds are collected because sugar beet is a biennial plant, so in the first year after sowing, a vegetative growth knob is fitted and the seeds become sugar beet seeds. After harvesting, the seeds are carefully selected by wind selection to remove impurities and sorting into large and small grain sizes, and then stored as seeds for the next year. Not all of the selected seeds obtained in this way will germinate, and there will be a mixture of dead seeds (seeds that cannot germinate) and live seeds (seeds that can germinate), so the germination rate is 9.
The germination rate is usually around 0, and the germination rate decreases as the number of days of storage increases. In addition, in recent years, there have been efforts to coat many seeds so that they can be easily sown with a seeding machine, but coating often damages the seeds, and the same is true for sugar beet seeds, reducing the germination rate.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) In general, when cultivating sugar beet, it is essential to secure seven methods per hectare in an even planting pattern from the viewpoint of yield and quality of sugar beet. Even if seeds are sown, supplementary planting is required after germination due to the presence of dead seeds, which wastes a lot of effort. In addition, even when mechanical transplantation is performed using a transplanting pot with a 96-width, which is currently widely used, it is necessary to manually select the seedlings in order to prevent seedlings, or to use a sorting device as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 152827/1983. This results in a large amount of waste due to decreased transplant efficiency and supplementary planting work in the field.

In addition, there is a problem in that pots for missing plants are wasted, resulting in an increased economic burden. For this reason, germination is guaranteed and the yield is 1.
There is a strong need for a seed treatment method that improves quality.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The inventor conducted conceptual research on a method for selecting only live seeds from single-embryo seeds of sugar beets, which are a mixture of dead seeds that do not germinate and live seeds as described above.

The seed camp of a live seed absorbs water when heated, and when the live seed inside the shell expands, it comes off from the outer shell due to the expansion pressure, whereas a dead seed does not absorb water or even if it absorbs only a small amount of water. Focusing on the fact that no expansion occurs, the seed cap is tightly fitted into the outer shell of the original seed, and the detached seed can be separated by vibration, the single-embryo sugar beet seeds are heated to a temperature of preferably 10 to 20°C. Humidity is 90-10
The 9 seeds were moistened and expanded at a cumulative temperature of 40 to 60°C in an atmosphere of zero temperature, and then vibrated to remove the seed cap from the fresh seeds to select germinated seeds and dry, coat, etc. as necessary. I solved it by doing this.

(Function) Generally speaking, the single-embryo seeds of sugar beet are seed bulbs (5eed
ball), and its size is 4.0~
5. The thickness is around 2.0~2.6u.

It has many protruding outer shells and is ocher to blackish brown in color. A true seed containing an embryo and an endosperm covered by a seed coat is present in this seed bulb, and its length is 1.5 to 3.5 mm in length.
Oru has a thickness of around 1.5U and a glossy reddish-brown appearance. This true seed is completely enclosed by the dry, hardened ovary wall.

Moreover, the ovary itself is a medium-sized ovary that is buried in a dry and hardened bed, making it look like a nut.

Now, when a single seed is placed on top of base paper or cotton, etc. that has been saturated with moisture, and an appropriate temperature is applied, water absorption begins.

This water absorption leads to germination, and this process consists of a first water absorption process in which the water content rapidly increases due to moisture absorption, and a first water absorption process in which the water content increases slowly.

It can be divided into the second water absorption process, in which cell division begins, and the third water absorption process, in which the water content rapidly increases again and roots and hypocotyls elongate, and cotyledons expand. However, in the case of dead seeds, the above process does not take place.

Therefore, when the seed cap is disengaged from the outer shell due to the expansion of the true seed due to water absorption, the seed cap is peeled off when vibration is applied using a device such as a vibrating screen. The vibration treatment needs to be carried out before the radicle that occurs during the germination process extends outside the seed shell,
After the vibration treatment, the seeds are sorted, but since the true seeds exhibit a reddish-brown color, which is different from the color of the outer shell, they can be easily distinguished.

This can be done with the naked eye or with a color sorting device that utilizes a difference in wavelength. Alternatively, the seeds may be sorted by dyeing or decolorizing the seeds before being treated with water to clearly differentiate the color from the real seeds.

(Example) An example of this invention was described under the conditions that seeds are placed on a wet side paper and the generated radicle does not extend outside the outer shell, and the seed cap is disengaged due to true seed expansion, and the radicle is subjected to vibration treatment. The experimental results regarding the damage ratio are shown in Tables 1 and 2 and will be explained.

Table 1 Temperature conditions and seed cap detachment rate Table 2 Temperature conditions and radicle damage rate (correspondence) As is clear from the results in Table 1, the temperature conditions during water absorption and the seed cap detachment rate are 9 There is an important relationship; in general, if the water absorption treatment temperature is too high, the radicle grows quickly and unevenly, causing it to grow out of the outer shell as soon as the 7-doctor knob is disengaged. Even at low temperatures, if the treatment time is long, the radicle begins to elongate into the outer shell.

As is clear from Table 2, the vibration treatment causes damage to the radicle. Therefore, the water absorption treatment temperature is around 10-20℃,
It is preferable that the number of days for the treatment is such that the integrated temperature is in the range of 40 to 60°C, since the fitted seed cap can easily come off without causing the radicle to extend outside the outer shell. Moreover, the relative humidity at this time is 95 to 100 parts, and the seed moisture content is about 15 to 30 parts.

The above vibration treatment may be performed by applying sufficient vibration to remove the seed cap, for example, using a vibrating sieve with an amplitude of 100 to 300 U+ and a frequency of 30 to 100 rpm for 30 seconds to 1 hour.
It is best to apply vibration for 20 seconds.

Seeds selected according to the invention can be sown directly, but are also suitable for dry storage. To explain this using an experimental example, several pieces of saturated water-containing F paper are placed in a synthetic resin box, seeds 107 (1000 grains) are placed evenly on top of the box, the top is covered, and the temperature is kept constant at 10°C. It was placed in a humidifier to absorb water.

After 36 hours, all seeds were taken out every 4 hours, subjected to vibration treatment using a vibrating sieve, and those whose seed caps had come off were visually sorted, and those whose caps had not come off were returned to the water-containing paper in the box to continue germination treatment. , and then the selection process was repeated, and the resulting fresh seeds were dried. The relationship between the water absorption treatment conditions and the separation rate of the seed caps at this time was as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Water absorption treatment conditions and seed camp detachment rate Next, the detached seeds from the seed caps in the above table were collected in each block at a temperature of 30℃, relative humidity of 0 to 2, and a wind speed of 0.3 m/se.
After drying for 24 hours in a ventilation dryer under the conditions described in c., the seeds were placed again on water-containing paper placed in a synthetic resin box and left at 20°C for 5 days to check for elongation of radicles and young shoots. A life-or-death determination was made.

In addition, 50 fresh seeds from each block (radicles and buds that have grown) and seeds from the same treatment area were sown in pots for transplanting, and the number of days required until leaves appeared at an average temperature of 15°C was calculated. investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Percentage of live seeds and number of days for leaf emergence in dry seeds after sorting As is clear from Table 4, the seed cap detached seeds of this invention, which do not have radicles extending outside the outer shell, have almost no growth even after drying. It is a raw seed that can germinate quickly, and it germinates easily by absorbing moisture.

Furthermore, as shown in No. 2 of Table 4, plants that are more active in water absorption than the initial stage of water absorption treatment, and their seeds enlarge quickly, as well as plants similar to this, show a tendency for the number of days until leaves appear to be earlier. It is effective as a means of raising certain quality seedlings. It also shows that management work such as raising seedlings and cultivation can be equalized because the budding of leaves is uniform at each screening stage.

Seeds after the above sorting or dried seeds are good for coating to facilitate sowing.1For example, dry seeds No. 2 to No. 7 in Table 4 are coated with kaolin minerals and synthetic glue. One seed of each tablet was sown in a seedling collection pot that was coated and filled with soil, and the seedlings were grown for 40 days and tested. As a result, all of them germinated at the same time and showed uniform growth.

Example 1 (1) Stainless steel 60011J as water absorption treatment device
Nn made by Toyo P Paper Co., Ltd. in a covered container measuring 600 m x 50 m.
, IP paper was laid down and 85 g of water at 20° C. was added to bring the base paper into a saturated state. Prepare 3 similar ones.

Add 500 each of sugar beet seeds (variety: Kabe Megamono) to this.
After 48 hours of water absorption treatment in a constant temperature and humidity chamber with a room temperature of 10°C and a relative humidity of 100 parts, take out the seeds from the descendant container and use a vibrating sieve with an amplitude of 250 mm and a frequency of 60 times/min. The sample was subjected to vibration treatment for 1 minute. Next, the seed caps were removed from the seeds after the vibration treatment using a 2U sieve in a Santoku rice sorter, and the seeds were transferred onto a flat plate, and those with and without seed caps separated from the seed shells were visually selected.

Seeds with separated seed caps are immediately heated to 300G.
Relative humidity 0-2%, wind speed 0.3 m/sec
It was dried in a ventilation dryer.

For seeds whose seed caps did not come off, the water absorption treatment was continued again, and the seeds were subjected to a vibration treatment after a predetermined period of time. Finally, 88 fresh seeds were obtained.

On the other hand, the seeds that had undergone the second drying treatment were processed using a seed granulator (manufactured by Koroku Co., Ltd.) and mixed with 0.5% Tachigaren powder, a damping-off disease control agent.
While spraying a predetermined amount of synthetic paste using a coating agent containing 100% of the total number of particles, granules having a diameter of 4.0 to 5.0 IIIJI were obtained. Table 5 shows the results of sowing one seed in each pot in a paper tube standard No. 1 (manufactured by Nippon Beet Sugar Co., Ltd.) and raising seedlings according to a conventional method.

Table 5 Example 2 of seedling raising test using the method of the present invention An aeration hot water type germination machine manufactured by Fluid Drilling (UK) was used as a water absorption treatment device.

Sugar beet single-embryo seeds (variety: Monohill) were subjected to water absorption treatment for 48 hours under conditions of a liquid temperature of 25° C. and an aeration volume of 277 ml.

After treatment, the seeds are taken out of the liquid and dehydrated.

Seed camp was sorted according to the presence or absence of adhesion, and only fresh seeds that had left the seed camp were gradually coated with kaolin clay NN (Kaoya kaolin clay) by transfer. 9. Intermittently sprayed with methyl cellulose (4000c, p, s) 1 solution, and finally It was spheroidized to a diameter of 4.0 to 5.0 ms.

Immediately after spheroidizing, the temperature is 35℃, the relative humidity is 0 to 2, and the wind speed is 0.
Ventilation drying was performed for 8 hours under the condition of 15 m/see. After storing the seeds for 180 days, they were sown in a field at regular intervals and germinated all at once without any defects.

There was no need for thinning work, and inter-tillage and other management work was easy and highly effective.

(Effects) This invention is useful for treating single-embryo sugar beet seeds with water to remove the seed cap fitted to the outer shell.

The true seed is enlarged to the extent that the radicle and bud do not extend outside the outer shell, allowing the seed cap to separate.

Without damaging the radicle and young shoots that have started growing.

The seed cap is separated from the outer shell by vibration, making it possible to sort the raw seeds based on the color difference between the outer shell and the fresh seeds, and by drying the seeds, it can be easily applied to mechanical sowing.

In addition, the raw seeds of this invention can be easily coated,
Furthermore, even during coating, the elongation of the radicle and sprout does not reach the outside of the outer shell, so the dried and coated seeds can germinate in their entirety without being damaged by transfer or the like.

Furthermore, it also has the effect of making it possible to unify one germination period by selecting seeds at each seed cap shedding period.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Water absorption treatment of single-embryo sugar beet seeds, expansion of the true seeds, vibration treatment to remove the seed cap from the seed shell, sorting out fresh seeds, drying treatment as necessary,
A method for treating seeds, which comprises performing a coating treatment. (2) Water absorption treatment at a temperature of 10-20℃ and a relative humidity of 90-1
A method for treating seeds, characterized in that the treatment is carried out in a 0.00% atmosphere at a cumulative temperature in the range of 40 to 60°C.