JP2023500474A - 非可逆添加剤、前記非可逆添加剤を含む正極材、前記正極材を含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
非可逆添加剤、前記非可逆添加剤を含む正極材、前記正極材を含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023500474A JP2023500474A JP2022525072A JP2022525072A JP2023500474A JP 2023500474 A JP2023500474 A JP 2023500474A JP 2022525072 A JP2022525072 A JP 2022525072A JP 2022525072 A JP2022525072 A JP 2022525072A JP 2023500474 A JP2023500474 A JP 2023500474A
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Abstract
Description
[化学式1]
Li2+aNi1-bM1bO2+c
前記化学式1中、0≦a≦0.2、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.2であり、前記M1は、Cu、Mg、Pt、Al、Co、PおよびBからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つ以上である。
[化学式2]
Li5+cFeO4-dAd
前記化学式2中、
0≦c≦0.2、0≦d≦0.5、好ましくは0≦c≦0.1、0≦d≦0.2であり、前記Aは、F、Cl、Br、I、AtおよびSからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つ以上である。
本発明者らは、非可逆添加剤として、特定の結晶構造、具体的には、三方晶系結晶構造を有するリチウムニッケル酸化物を使用することで、充放電時に非可逆添加剤の構造の変化を抑制することができ、その表面にLISICON(Lithium Super ionic conductor)系化合物をコーティングすることで、三方晶系リチウムニッケル酸化物の構造安定性を向上させ、初期充電時にリチウムイオンの移動性を改善して、負極の非可逆容量を効果的に補完することができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
Li2+aNi1-bM1bO2+c
Li5+cFeO4-dAd
0≦c≦0.2、0≦d≦0.5、好ましくは、0≦c≦0.1、0≦d≦0.2であり、前記Aは、F、Cl、Br、I、AtおよびSからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つ以上である。
Li2+aNi1-bM1bO2+c
Li5+cFeO4-dAd
また、本発明は、上述の非可逆添加剤および正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極材を提供する。
Li1+fNixCoyM3zM4wO2
Li1+f1Nix1Coy1Mnz1Alz2M4w1O2
また、本発明は、上述の方法により製造された正極材を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造することができる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的には、電池、キャパシタなどであることができ、より具体的には、リチウム二次電池であることができる。
LiNiO2および1.5MのLiが含まれたリチウムとベンゾフェノンの混合物をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に混合させた後、不活性雰囲気下で1日間反応させた。次いで、得られた混合物を濾過および乾燥した。以降、これをTHFで洗浄し、真空下で乾燥して、三方晶系のLi2NiO2およびLiNiO2が混合された粉末を取得した。次いで、前記粉末を225℃で14時間乾燥し、ヘリウム雰囲気下で熱処理して、結晶性が改善した三方晶系構造を有するLi2NiO2粉末を取得した。
市販の斜方晶系構造を有するLi2NiO2粉末(POSCO、LNO_DN20)を非可逆添加剤として準備した。
Li5FeO4をコーティングしない以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で三方晶系構造を有するLi2NiO2粉末を製造し、非可逆添加剤として準備した。
前記実施例1で製造されたLi2NiO2粉末とLi5FeO4粉末に対して、Cu-Kα線を用いてXRD測定を行い、分析結果をそれぞれ図3および図4に示した。
前記実施例1および比較例1~2の非可逆添加剤の酸素形成エネルギーを確認した。具体的には、VASP(Vienna Ab-initio simulation package)プログラムを用いて、DFT計算法(Density Funtion Theory)を適用して結晶構造の変化による酸素生成エネルギーを計算し、これを下記表1に示した。この際、前記酸素生成エネルギーは、密度汎関数理論(density fuctional theory、DFT)、PBE汎関数(functional)PAW_PBE擬ポテンシャル(pseudopotentioal)に基づいて、下記の条件下で計算した。
Claims (13)
- 三方晶系(trigonal)結晶構造を有し、下記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケル酸化物と、
下記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケル酸化物の表面に位置し、下記化学式2で表される化合物を含むコーティング層と、を含む、非可逆添加剤:
[化学式1]
Li2+aNi1-bM1bO2+c
前記化学式1中、
0≦a≦0.2、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.2であり、前記M1は、Cu、Mg、Pt、Al、Co、PおよびBからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つ以上であり、
[化学式2]
Li5+cFeO4-dAd
前記化学式2中、
0≦c≦0.2、0≦d≦0.5、好ましくは0≦c≦0.1、0≦d≦0.2であり、前記Aは、F、Cl、Br、I、AtおよびSからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つ以上である。 - 前記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケル酸化物は、空間群(space group)がP3-m1に属する、請求項1に記載の非可逆添加剤。
- 前記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケル酸化物は、リチウムおよびニッケルを1.5~2:1のモル比で含む、請求項1に記載の非可逆添加剤。
- 前記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケル酸化物は、Li2NiO2である、請求項1に記載の非可逆添加剤。
- 前記化学式2で表される化合物は、斜方晶系(orthorhombic)結晶構造を有する、請求項1に記載の非可逆添加剤。
- 前記化学式2で表される化合物は、Li5FeO4である、請求項1に記載の非可逆添加剤。
- 前記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケル酸化物の全重量100重量部に対して、前記化学式2で表される化合物が1~10重量部含まれる、請求項1に記載の非可逆添加剤。
- 請求項1に記載の非可逆添加剤および正極活物質を含む、正極材。
- 前記正極活物質は、下記[化学式3]で表される、請求項8に記載の正極材:
[化学式3]
Li1+fNixCoyM3zM4wO2
前記化学式3中、0≦f≦0.2、0<x<1、0<y<1、0<z<1、0≦w≦0.1であり、M3は、MnまたはAlの少なくともいずれか一つであり、M4は、Al、Mg、Ti、W、Zr、V、Fe、YおよびMoからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上である。 - 前記正極活物質は、下記[化学式4]で表される、請求項8に記載の正極材:
[化学式4]
Li1+f1Nix1Coy1Mnz1Alz2M4w1O2
前記化学式4中、0≦f1≦0.2、0.8≦x1<1、0<y1<0.2、0<z1<0.2、0<z2<0.2、0≦w1≦0.1であり、M4は、Mg、Ti、W、Zr、V、Fe、YおよびMoからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上である。 - 前記正極活物質100重量部に対して、前記非可逆添加剤を5~20重量部含む、請求項8に記載の正極材。
- 請求項8に記載の正極材を含む正極と、
前記正極と対向して位置する負極と、
前記正極と負極との間に介在されるセパレータと、
電解質と、を含む、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極は、ケイ素系負極活物質を含む、請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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TWI600202B (zh) * | 2014-03-06 | 2017-09-21 | 烏明克公司 | 用於在汽車應用中的電池組之摻雜並且塗覆的鋰過渡金屬氧化物陰極材料 |
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2020
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KR20190059115A (ko) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극재에 포함되는 비가역 첨가제, 이의 제조방법, 및 이 및 포함하는 양극재 |
JP2020521285A (ja) * | 2017-11-29 | 2020-07-16 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 正極添加剤、その製造方法、これを含む正極およびリチウム二次電池 |
KR20190124038A (ko) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-11-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지 |
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EP4037035A1 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
JP7292666B2 (ja) | 2023-06-19 |
CN114631207A (zh) | 2022-06-14 |
WO2021096204A1 (ko) | 2021-05-20 |
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