JP2022545118A - O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド - Google Patents

O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2022545118A
JP2022545118A JP2022512459A JP2022512459A JP2022545118A JP 2022545118 A JP2022545118 A JP 2022545118A JP 2022512459 A JP2022512459 A JP 2022512459A JP 2022512459 A JP2022512459 A JP 2022512459A JP 2022545118 A JP2022545118 A JP 2022545118A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
nucleotides
oligonucleotide
double
nucleic acid
stranded nucleic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2022512459A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2022545118A5 (https=
Inventor
コボロバ,アナスタシア
オルターマン,ジュリア
デイビス,サラ
トゥラノフ,アントン
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Original Assignee
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Massachusetts Amherst filed Critical University of Massachusetts Amherst
Publication of JP2022545118A publication Critical patent/JP2022545118A/ja
Publication of JP2022545118A5 publication Critical patent/JP2022545118A5/ja
Priority to JP2025064358A priority Critical patent/JP2025123220A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/111General methods applicable to biologically active non-coding nucleic acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
    • A61K31/712Nucleic acids or oligonucleotides having modified sugars, i.e. other than ribose or 2'-deoxyribose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
    • A61K31/713Double-stranded nucleic acids or oligonucleotides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
    • C12N15/1138Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against receptors or cell surface proteins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/11Antisense
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/14Type of nucleic acid interfering nucleic acids [NA]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/31Chemical structure of the backbone
    • C12N2310/315Phosphorothioates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/32Chemical structure of the sugar
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/32Chemical structure of the sugar
    • C12N2310/3212'-O-R Modification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/32Chemical structure of the sugar
    • C12N2310/3222'-R Modification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/34Spatial arrangement of the modifications
    • C12N2310/344Position-specific modifications, e.g. on every purine, at the 3'-end
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/35Nature of the modification
    • C12N2310/351Conjugate
    • C12N2310/3515Lipophilic moiety, e.g. cholesterol
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/50Physical structure
    • C12N2310/52Physical structure branched
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2320/00Applications; Uses
    • C12N2320/50Methods for regulating/modulating their activity
    • C12N2320/51Methods for regulating/modulating their activity modulating the chemical stability, e.g. nuclease-resistance

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
JP2022512459A 2019-08-23 2020-08-21 O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド Pending JP2022545118A (ja)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2025064358A JP2025123220A (ja) 2019-08-23 2025-04-09 O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962891185P 2019-08-23 2019-08-23
US62/891,185 2019-08-23
US202062982534P 2020-02-27 2020-02-27
US62/982,534 2020-02-27
PCT/US2020/047492 WO2021041247A1 (en) 2019-08-23 2020-08-21 O-methyl rich fully stabilized oligonucleotides

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2025064358A Division JP2025123220A (ja) 2019-08-23 2025-04-09 O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2022545118A true JP2022545118A (ja) 2022-10-25
JP2022545118A5 JP2022545118A5 (https=) 2023-06-30

Family

ID=74684325

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2022512459A Pending JP2022545118A (ja) 2019-08-23 2020-08-21 O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド
JP2025064358A Pending JP2025123220A (ja) 2019-08-23 2025-04-09 O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2025064358A Pending JP2025123220A (ja) 2019-08-23 2025-04-09 O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20210115442A1 (https=)
EP (1) EP4017504A4 (https=)
JP (2) JP2022545118A (https=)
WO (1) WO2021041247A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160319278A1 (en) 2015-04-03 2016-11-03 University Of Massachusetts Fully stabilized asymmetric sirna
WO2017030973A1 (en) 2015-08-14 2017-02-23 University Of Massachusetts Bioactive conjugates for oligonucleotide delivery
US10478503B2 (en) 2016-01-31 2019-11-19 University Of Massachusetts Branched oligonucleotides
CA3033368A1 (en) 2016-08-12 2018-02-15 University Of Massachusetts Conjugated oligonucleotides
JP7406793B2 (ja) 2017-06-23 2023-12-28 ユニバーシティー オブ マサチューセッツ 2テイル自己デリバリー型siRNAおよび関連方法
US11279930B2 (en) * 2018-08-23 2022-03-22 University Of Massachusetts O-methyl rich fully stabilized oligonucleotides
CN113614232A (zh) 2019-01-18 2021-11-05 马萨诸塞大学 动态药代动力学修饰锚
KR20220047989A (ko) 2019-08-09 2022-04-19 유니버시티 오브 매사추세츠 Snp를 표적화하는 화학적으로 변형된 올리고뉴클레오타이드
US12365894B2 (en) 2019-09-16 2025-07-22 University Of Massachusetts Branched lipid conjugates of siRNA for specific tissue delivery
US20210363523A1 (en) * 2020-03-18 2021-11-25 University Of Massachusetts Oligonucleotides for mapt modulation
WO2021242883A1 (en) 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 University Of Massachusetts Synthetic oligonucleotides having regions of block and cluster modifications
WO2022204430A1 (en) * 2021-03-24 2022-09-29 Atalanta Therapeutics, Inc. Double-stranded sirna having patterned chemical modifications
CN117677699A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2024-03-08 马萨诸塞大学 用于治疗先兆子痫和其他血管生成病症的优化抗flt1寡核苷酸化合物
WO2023018705A1 (en) * 2021-08-10 2023-02-16 University Of Massachusetts Compositions and methods for sirna treatment of muscular dystrophy
JP2025532984A (ja) * 2022-09-30 2025-10-03 ユニバーシティー オブ マサチューセッツ オリゴヌクレオチドの眼送達

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012521766A (ja) * 2009-03-27 2012-09-20 メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション 低分子干渉核酸(siNA)を用いた高親和性IgE受容体α鎖(FCεR1α)遺伝子発現のRNA干渉媒介性阻害
JP2016506240A (ja) * 2012-12-05 2016-03-03 アルナイラム ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッドAlnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. PCSK9iRNA組成物及びその使用方法
JP2018537952A (ja) * 2015-10-09 2018-12-27 ウェイブ ライフ サイエンシズ リミテッドWave Life Sciences Ltd. オリゴヌクレオチド組成物およびその方法
JP2019503394A (ja) * 2016-01-31 2019-02-07 ユニバーシティ・オブ・マサチューセッツUniversity Of Massachusetts 分岐オリゴヌクレオチド

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2000439C2 (nl) * 2006-01-20 2009-03-16 Quark Biotech Therapeutische toepassingen van inhibitoren van RTP801.
AU2007299705B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2012-09-06 Dharmacon, Inc. Duplex oligonucleotide complexes and methods for gene silencing by RNA interference
CA2715289C (en) * 2008-02-11 2019-12-24 Rxi Pharmaceuticals Corporation Modified rnai polynucleotides and uses thereof
WO2012058210A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-03 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. RNA INTERFERENCE MEDIATED INHIBITION OF GENE EXPRESSION USING SHORT INTERFERING NUCLEIC ACIDS (siNA)
US20160319278A1 (en) * 2015-04-03 2016-11-03 University Of Massachusetts Fully stabilized asymmetric sirna
DK3607069T3 (da) * 2017-04-05 2022-11-21 Silence Therapeutics Gmbh Produkter og sammensætninger
WO2019075419A1 (en) * 2017-10-13 2019-04-18 Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR INHIBITING LDHA EXPRESSION
WO2020033899A1 (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-13 University Of Massachusetts Modified oligonucleotides targeting snps
US11279930B2 (en) * 2018-08-23 2022-03-22 University Of Massachusetts O-methyl rich fully stabilized oligonucleotides
CN113811311A (zh) * 2019-03-15 2021-12-17 马萨诸塞大学 用于组织特异性apoe调节的寡核苷酸
JP2022528487A (ja) * 2019-03-29 2022-06-13 ユニバーシティ・オブ・マサチューセッツ C9orf72のオリゴヌクレオチドベースの調節
KR20220047989A (ko) * 2019-08-09 2022-04-19 유니버시티 오브 매사추세츠 Snp를 표적화하는 화학적으로 변형된 올리고뉴클레오타이드
WO2021195510A1 (en) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-30 University Of Massachusetts Dual-acting sirna based modulation of c9orf72
EP4158028A4 (en) * 2020-05-28 2024-10-02 University Of Massachusetts OLIGONUCLEOTIDES FOR THE MODULATION OF SARS-COV-2

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012521766A (ja) * 2009-03-27 2012-09-20 メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション 低分子干渉核酸(siNA)を用いた高親和性IgE受容体α鎖(FCεR1α)遺伝子発現のRNA干渉媒介性阻害
JP2016506240A (ja) * 2012-12-05 2016-03-03 アルナイラム ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッドAlnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. PCSK9iRNA組成物及びその使用方法
JP2018537952A (ja) * 2015-10-09 2018-12-27 ウェイブ ライフ サイエンシズ リミテッドWave Life Sciences Ltd. オリゴヌクレオチド組成物およびその方法
JP2019503394A (ja) * 2016-01-31 2019-02-07 ユニバーシティ・オブ・マサチューセッツUniversity Of Massachusetts 分岐オリゴヌクレオチド

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
日薬理誌, vol. 148, JPN6025040233, 2016, pages 100 - 104, ISSN: 0005695065 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021041247A1 (en) 2021-03-04
JP2025123220A (ja) 2025-08-22
EP4017504A4 (en) 2024-01-24
US20210115442A1 (en) 2021-04-22
EP4017504A1 (en) 2022-06-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP7627042B2 (ja) O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド
JP2022545118A (ja) O-メチルリッチ完全安定化オリゴヌクレオチド
AU2019316640B2 (en) Modified oligonucleotides targeting SNPs
JP7687685B2 (ja) 組織特異的なapoe調節のためのオリゴヌクレオチド
US20240327836A1 (en) MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES TARGETING SNPs
CA3125441A1 (en) Dynamic pharmacokinetic-modifying anchors
AU2016244027A1 (en) Oligonucleotide compounds for targeting Huntingtin mRNA
US20230061751A1 (en) Universal dynamic pharmacokinetic-modifying anchors
US20240360444A1 (en) Dendritic conjugates for the brain delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides
CN121057576A (zh) 用于皮肤递送治疗性寡核苷酸的树突状缀合物

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20230621

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20230621

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20240625

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20240925

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20241210

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20250409