JP2022544263A - 土壌の健全性を回復させるための、および有害生物を制御するための、微生物ベースの組成物 - Google Patents
土壌の健全性を回復させるための、および有害生物を制御するための、微生物ベースの組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2019年8月12日に提出された米国特許仮出願第62/885,455号、および2019年12月26日に提出された米国特許仮出願第62/953,632号の優先権を主張するものであり、両仮出願は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
農産業においては、いくつかの共通の課題が、生産量を最大にしつつ、コストを低く抑えるという農家の能力を妨害している。該課題は、細菌、真菌、ならびに他の有害生物および病原体によって引き起こされる、感染および伝染;環境および健康へのその影響を含め、高コストな化学的肥料および化学的除草剤;ならびにさまざまなタイプの土壌から、植物が効率良く栄養素および水を吸収することの困難性を含むが、これらに限定されない。
本発明は、微生物や、該微生物の増殖時の副生成物、たとえばバイオサーファクタントなどを提供するとともに、これら微生物およびそれらの副生成物を使用する方法をも提供する。より具体的には、本発明は、土壌および/または植物の健全性を増大させるための、微生物ベースの組成物、およびその使用方法を提供する。有利なことに、本発明である微生物ベースの生成物および方法は、環境に優しく、非毒性であり、かつ費用対効果が高い。
本発明は「微生物ベースの組成物」を利用し、これは、微生物の増殖または他の細胞培養物の増殖の結果として産生された成分を含む、組成物を意味する。したがって、微生物ベースの組成物は、微生物それ自体、および/または微生物の増殖時の副生成物を含み得る。微生物は、生長能力のある(vegetative)状態か、胞子もしくは分生子の形か、菌糸の形か、繁殖体の任意の他の形か、またはこれらの混合物であり得る。微生物は、浮遊性であってよく、もしくはバイオフィルムの形であってもよい、または両方の混合物であってもよい。増殖時の副生成物は、たとえば、代謝物、細胞膜の成分、発現されたタンパク質、および/または細胞の他の成分であり得る。微生物はインタクトなものであってよく、または溶解されてもよい。いくつかの態様において、微生物は、そこでそれらが増殖した増殖培地とともに、微生物ベースの組成物中に存在する。微生物は、組成物1グラムあたり、または1 mlあたり、たとえば、少なくとも1 x 104 CFU、1 x 105 CFU、1 x 106 CFU、1 x 107 CFU、1 x 108 CFU、1 x 109 CFU、1 x 1010 CFU、1 x 1011 CFU、1 x 1012 CFU、もしくは1 x 1013 CFUか、またはより大きいCFUという濃度で存在し得る。
好ましい態様において、本発明は、土壌の健全性、および/またはそこで生育する植物の健全性を増大させるための組成物を提供する。いくつかの態様において、組成物はまた、たとえば、防除剤、植物の免疫調節剤、および/または植物の生育刺激剤としても作用し得る。
好ましい態様において、本発明は、土壌の健全性および/または植物の健全性を増大させるための方法を提供し、ここで、1種もしくは複数種の微生物、および/または微生物の1種または複数種の増殖時副生成物を含む組成物が、土壌および/または植物に適用される。ある態様において、増殖時副生成物はバイオサーファクタントを含み、これはたとえば、糖脂質および/またはリポペプチドなどである。
本発明は、微生物の培養のための、ならびに微生物代謝物および/または微生物の増殖時の他の副生成物の生産のための方法を利用する。本発明は望ましいスケールでの、微生物の培養、および微生物代謝物の生産に適した培養プロセスを、さらに利用する。これらの培養プロセスは、液内培養/液内発酵、固相発酵(SSF)、ならびにそれらの改変物、それらの混成物、および/またはそれらの組み合わせを含むが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の微生物ベースの生成物の1つは、単に、微生物、および/または微生物によって産生された微生物代謝物、および/または任意の残存栄養素を含む、発酵培地である。発酵の生成物は、抽出も精製も無しに、直接使用され得る。望ましい場合、抽出および精製は、標準的な抽出方法および/もしくは精製方法を用いて、または文献に記載される技術を用いて、容易に達成可能である。
本発明のある態様において、微生物の増殖設備は、関心対象の新鮮な高密度の微生物、および/または微生物の関心対象の増殖時副生成物を、所望のスケールで生産する。微生物の増殖設備は、適用の場所に、またはその近くに設置され得る。設備は、高密度の微生物ベースの組成物を、バッチ培養、準連続的な培養、または連続的な培養において生産する。
ソホロ脂質の混合物は、発酵培地におけるS. ボンビコーラの発酵によって合成され、該発酵培地は、水中に、100 g/L グルコース、10 g/L 酵母抽出物、1 g/L 尿素、100 ml/L キャノーラ油を含み、かつ0.01~0.5 g/Lの微量元素を含む。発酵培地のすべての成分は、GRASである。5~7日間の発酵後、およそ500 g/Lのソホロ脂質が、茶色の層として発酵容器の底に沈殿する。
土壌の濡れ性
土壌の疎水性は、水が地面に浸透するのではなく土壌の表面に集まることの、原因となる。土壌の撥水性は、土壌粒子における疎水性コーティングの存在によって生じ得る。たとえば山火事は、土壌粒子をコートする蝋質の物質に起因して、土壌の疎水性をもたらし得、該物質は、ある種の植物性物質が燃焼することによって生成される。これは、撥水性、水および栄養素の流去、ならびに燃焼後の場所の浸食を増加させる。
1つの態様において、疎水性SLP(たとえば、ラクトン型SLP、および/またはジアセチル化もしくはモノアセチル化酸型SLP)を含む組成物は、植物の根による、土壌からの栄養素の吸収を増大させ得(たとえば、NPK、ホウ素、塩素、コバルト、銅、鉄、マンガン、マグネシウム、モリブデン、硫黄、亜鉛、カルシウム、ニッケル、ケイ素、およびナトリウム)、それにより、植物の生育を促進し、かつ作物の収量をより高める。加えて、土壌の濡れ性を増加させることによって、土壌全体での栄養素のより均等な分散もまた達成され得、それにより、植物の根に対しての栄養素利用可能性が増加する。
塩性土壌は、化学的な改良剤や、調整剤や、肥料によって再生させることはできないが、代わりに、植物の根圏から塩を浸出させることによって再生させることができる。1つの態様において、疎水性SLP(ラクトン型SLP、および/またはジアセチル化もしくはモノアセチル化酸型SLP)を含む組成物は、土壌における、濡れ性、水の分散、および水の浸透を増加させる。したがって、組成物は経時的に、土壌中のより深くかつ根圏より下へと塩を「押し込み」、その結果、表面により近い土壌層は農業目的に使用可能となる。
浸透圧は、異なるイオン濃度または溶質濃度の溶液が、半透性の膜で隔てられている場合に生じる。水分子および溶質分子の無作為な運動は、平衡状態に到達するまで、より高い溶質濃度の区画に向かう水の、正味の移動を作り出す。濃度の差異による、この正味の移動は、拡散と呼ばれる。
SLPは、強力な、抗細菌能力、抗真菌能力、および/または抗ウイルス能力を有し得る。1つの態様において、バイオ防除剤活性のためのSLPの有効濃度は0.009~10 mg/Lであるが、多くの場合、3 mg/Lを上回ることはない。
たとえば、以下のような真菌の植物病原体に対して有効であり:アルテルナリア属種(Alternaria spp.)、アスペルギルス属種(Aspergillus spp.)、フザリウム属種(Fusarium spp.)、ペニシリウム属種(Penicillium spp.)、ペニシリウム属種、サッカロマイセス属種(Saccharomyces spp.)、クラドスポリウム属種(Cladosporium spp.)、グレオフィラム属種(Gloeophyllum spp.)、およびシゾフィラム属種(Schizophyllum spp.)、ヘミレイア属種(Hemileia spp.)(たとえば、H. バスタトリクス(H. vastatrix))、ボトリティス・シネレア(Botrytis cineria)、およびファイトフトラ属種(Phytopthora spp.);
いくつかの植物ウイルス、たとえばヘルペスウイルスなどに対して有効であり;かつ、いくつかの線形動物に対して有効である。
ラムノ脂質(RLP)の最も高度な蓄積は、シュードモナス・アエルギノーサの液内培養によって示されているが、これは日和見病原体である。P. アエルギノーサの病原性の性質はまた、該微生物に曝露される作業者へのリスクに起因して、RLPの生産に制限をもたらしている。
植物の根は、土壌および肥料化合物中に存在する、亜鉛、銅、鉄、マンガン、および他の微量元素を吸収することが、しばしば困難である。キレート剤の使用は、たとえば、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)およびジエチレントリアミン五酢酸塩(diethylenetriamene pentaacetate)(DTPA)などは、土壌における微量元素の持続性を増加させるために一般的に使用されているが、金属-EDTA錯体および金属-DTPA錯体は、植物の根によって容易には吸収されず、これは、肥料の効力に制限をもたらしている。
農地の生産性は、作物植物に無生物的なストレスを与える有機汚染物質および無機汚染物質の存在によって、影響を受け得る。
1つの態様において、約0.04~35 mg/Lか、または0.1~25 mg/Lか、または0.5~15 mg/LのRLPを含む組成物は、有害生物を制御するのに、2種類の様式で有用であり得る。
1つの態様において、MELは、固相リアクターにおいて、シュードザイマ・アフィディスを用いて生産される。固体の基材は、ダイズ、酵母抽出物、エリスリトール、および少量の数種の微量元素の混合物を含む。
MELの広範囲にわたる防除活性を考慮すると、MELを含む組成物は、有害生物の制御に有益である。ある態様において、MELは、以下の有害微生物を制御するために使用され得る:
ダイズおよび/またはキャノーラに対する有害微生物、これは、たとえば以下を含む:ファイトフトラ・メガスペルマ種グリシネア(Phytophthora megasperma sp. glycinea)、マクロフォミナ・ファゼオリナ(Macrophomina phaseolina)、リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)、スクレロティニア・スクレロティオラム(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、フザリウム属種(たとえば、F. オキシスポラム(F. oxysporum)、F. セミテクタム(F. semitectum)、F. ロゼウム(F. roseum)、F. ソラニ(F. solani))、ジアポルテ属種(Diaporthe spp.)(たとえば、D. ファセオロラム変種ソジャエ(D. phaseolorum var. sojae)(フォモプシス・ソジャエ(Phomopsis sojae))、D. ファセオロラム変種カウリボーラ(D. phaseolorum var. caulivora))、アルテルナリア属種(たとえば、A. ブラシカエ(A. brassicae)、A. アルテルナータ(A. alternate))、スクレロティウム・ロルフシイ(Sclerotium rolfsii)、セルコスポラ属種(Cercospora spp.)(たとえば、C. キクチイ(C. kikuchii)、C. ソジナ(C. sojina))、ピシウム属種(たとえば、P. アファニデルマタム(P. aphanidermatum)、P. ウルティマム(P. ultimum)、P. デバリアナム(P. debaryanum))、ペロノスポラ属種(Peronospora spp.)(たとえば、P. マンシュリカ(P. manshurica)、P. パラシティカ(P. parasitica))、コレトトリカム・デマティウム(Colletotrichum dematium)(C. トランカタム(C. truncatum))、コリネスポラ・カシイコーラ(Corynespora cassiicola)、セプトリア・グリシネス(Septoria glycines)、フィロスティクタ・ソジコーラ(Phyllosticta sojicola)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型グリシネア(Pseudomonas syringae p.v. glycinea)、キサントモナス・カンペストリス病原型ファセオリ(Xanthomonas campestris p.v. phaseoli)、ミクロスファエラ・ディフサ(Microsphaera diffusa)、フィアロフォラ・グレガタ(Phialophora gregata)、グロメレラ・グリシネス(Glomerella glycines)、ファコプソラ・パキリジ(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)、ヘテロデラ・グリシネス(Heterodera glycines)、レプトスファエリア・マキュランス(Leptosphaeria maculans)、マイコスファエレラ・ブラシシコーラ(Mycosphaerella brassiccola)、アルブゴ・カンジダ(Albugo candida)、ダイズモザイクウイルス(Soybean mosaic virus)、タバコ輪点ウイルス(Tobacco Ring spot virus)、タバコ条斑ウイルス(Tobacco Streak virus)、およびトマト黄化えそウイルス(Tomato spotted wilt virus);
アルファルファに対する有害微生物、これは、たとえば以下を含む:クラビバクター・ミシガネンシス亜種インシディオサム(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosum)、ピシウム属種(たとえば、P. ウルティマム、P. イレギュラレ(P. irregulare)、P. スプレンデンス(P. splendens)、P. デバリアナム、P. アファニデルマタム)、ファイトフトラ・メガスペルマ(Phytophthora megasperma)、ペロノスポラ・トリフォリオラム(Peronospora trifoliorum)、フォーマ・メディカギニス変種メディカギニス(Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis)、セルコスポラ・メディカギニス(Cercospora medicaginis)、シュードペジザ・メディカギニス(Pseudopeziza medicaginis)、レプトトロキラ・メディカギニス(Leptotrochila medicaginis)、フザリウム属種、キサントモナス・カンペストリス病原型アルファルファエ(Xanthomonas campestris p.v. alfalfae)、アファノマイセス・エウテイケス(Aphanomyces euteiches)、およびステムフィリウム属種(Stemphylium spp.)(たとえば、S. ヘルバレム(S. herbarum)、S. アルファルファ(S. alfalfa));
コムギに対する有害微生物、これは、たとえば以下を含む:シュードモナス属種(Pseudomonas spp.)(たとえば、P シリンガエ病原型アトロファシエンス(P syringae p.v. atrofaciens)、P シリンガエ病原型シリンガエ(P. syringae p. v. syringae))、ウロシスティス・アグロピリ(Urocystis agropyri)、キサントモナス・カンペストリス病原型トランスルセンス(Xanthomonas campestris p.v. translucens)、アルテルナリア・アルテルナータ(Alternaria alternata)、クラドスポリウム・ヘルバレム(Cladosporium herbarum)、フザリウム属種(たとえば、F. グラミネアラム(F. graminearum)、F. アベナセウム(F. avenaceum)、F.クルモラム(F. culmorum))、アスコキタ・トリティシ(Ascochyta tritici)、セファロスポリウム・グラミネウム(Cephalosporium gramineum)、コレトトリカム・グラミニコーラ(Collotetrichum graminicola)、エリシフェ・グラミニス分化型トリティシ(Erysiphe graminis fsp. tritici)、プクシニア属種(Puccinia spp.)(たとえば、P. レコンディータ分化型トリティシ(P. recondita fsp. tritici)、P. ストリイフォルミス(P. striiformis)、P. グラミニス分化型トリティシ(P. graminis fsp. tritici)、ピレノフォラ・トリティシ-レペンティス(Pyrenophora tritici-repentis)、セプトリア属種(Septoria spp.)(たとえば、S. ノドラム(S. nodorum)、S. トリティシ(S. tritici)、S. アベナエ(S. avenae))、シュードセロスポレラ・ヘルポトリコイデス(Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides)、リゾクトニア属種(たとえば、R. ソラニ(R. solani)、R. セレアリス(R. cerealis))、ガエウマンノマイセス・グラミニス変種トリティシ(Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)、ピシウム属種(たとえば、P. アファニデルマタム、P. アレノマネス(P. arrhenomanes)、P. ウルティマム、P. アレノマネス、P. グラミニコーラ(P. gramicola)、P. アファニデルマタム)、バイポラリス・ソロキニアナ(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、クラビセプス・プルプレア(Claviceps purpurea)、ティレティア属種(Tilletia spp.)(たとえば、T. トリティシ(T. tritici)、T. ラエビス(T. laevis)、T. インディカ(T. indica))、ウスチラゴ・トリティシ(Ustilago tritici)、オオムギ黄萎ウイルス(Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus)、ブロムモザイクウイルス(Brome Mosaic Virus)、コムギ萎縮ウイルス(Soil Borne Wheat Mosaic Virus)、コムギ条斑モザイクウイルス(Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus)、ウィートスピンドルストリークウイルス(Wheat Spindle Streak Virus)、アメリカンウィートストライアトウイルス(American Wheat Striate Virus)、ハイプレーンズウイルス(High Plains Virus)、およびヨーロピアンウィートストライアトウイルス(European wheat striate virus);
ヒマワリに対する有害微生物、これは、たとえば以下を含む:プラスモパラ・ハルステディイ(Plasmophora halstedii)、スクレロティニア・スクレロティオラム、セプトリア・ヘリアンティ(Septoria helianthi)、フォモプシス・ヘリアンティ(Phomopsis helianthi)、アルテルナリア属種(たとえば、A. ヘリアンティ(A. helianthi)、A. ジニア(A. zinnia))、ボトリティス・シネレア、フォーマ・マクドナルディイ(Phoma macdonaldii)、マクロフォミナ・ファゼオリナ、エリシフェ・シコラセアラム(Erysiphe cichoracearum)、リゾプス属種(Rhizopus spp.)(たとえば、R. オリザエ(R. oryzae)、R. アリザス(R. arrhizus)、R. ストロニフェラ(R. stolonifera))、プクシニア・ヘリアンティ(Puccinia helianthi)、バーティシリウム・ダリアエ(Verticillium dahliae)、エルウィニア・カロトボラム病原型カロトボーラ(Erwinia carotovorum p.v. carotovora)、セファロスポリウム・アクレモニウム(Cephalosporium acremonium)、ファイトフトラ・クリプトゲア(Phytophthora cryptogea)、アルブゴ・トラゴポゴニス(Albugo tragopogonis)、およびアスターイエロー(Aster Yellows);
トウモロコシに対する有害微生物、これは、たとえば以下を含む:フザリウム属種(たとえば、F. モニリフォルメ変種サブグルティナンス(F. moniliforme var. subglutinans)、F. バーティシリオイデス(F. verticilloides)、F. モニリフォルメ(F. moniliforme)、ジベレラ・ゼアエ(Gibberella zeae)(F. グラミネアラム))、ステノカルペラ・メイディス(Stenocarpella maydis)(ディプロディア・メイディス(Diplodia maydis))、ピシウム属種(たとえば、P. イレギュラレ、P.デバリアナム、P. グラミニコーラ(P. graminicola)、P. スプレンデンス、P. ウルティマム、P. アファニデルマタム)、アスペルギルス・フラバス(Aspergillus flavus)、バイポラリス・メイディスO、T(Bipolaris maydis O、T)(コクリオボルス・ヘテロストロファス(Cochliobolus heterostrophus))、ヘルミントスポリウム属種(Helminthosporium spp.)(たとえば、H. カルボナム(H. carbonum)I、II、およびIII(コクリオボルス・カルボナム(Cochliobolus carbonum))、H. ペディセラタム(H. pedicellatum))、エクセロヒラム・ツルシカム(Exserohilum turcicum)I、II、およびIII、ファイソデルマ・メイディス(Physoderma maydis)、フィロスティクタ・メイディス(Phyllosticta maydis)、カバティエラ・メイディス(Kabatiella maydis)、セルコスポラ・ソルギ(Cercospora sorghi)、ウスチラゴ・メイディス(Ustilago maydis)、プクシニア属種(たとえば、P. ソルギ(P. sorghi)、P. ポリソラ(P. polysora))、マクロフォミナ・ファゼオリナ、ペニシリウム・オキサリカム(Penicillium oxalicum)、ニグロスポラ・オリザエ(Nigrospora oryzae)、クラドスポリウム・ヘルバレム、カーブラリア属種(Curvularia spp.)(たとえば、C. ルナータ(C. lunata)、C. イナエクアリス(C. inaequalis)、C. パレセンス(C. pallescens))、クラビバクター・ミシガネンセ亜種ネブラスケンセ(Clavibacter michiganense subsp. nebraskense)、トリコデルマ・ビリデ(Trichoderma viride)、クラビセプス・ソルギ(Claviceps sorghi)、シュードモナス・アベナエ(Pseudomonas avenae)、エルウィニア属種(Erwinia spp.)(たとえば、E. カロトボーラ(E. carotovora)、E. ステワルティイ(E. stewartii)、E. クリサンテミ病原型ゼア(E. chrysanthemi pv. Zea))、ディプロディア・マクロスポラ(Diplodia macrospora)、スクレロフトラ・マクロスポラ(Sclerophthora macrospora)、ペロノスクレロスポラ属種(Peronosclerospora spp.)(たとえば、P. ソルギ(P. sorghi)、P. フィリピネンシス(P. philippinensis)、P. メイディス(P. maydis)、P. サッカリ(P. sacchari))、スファセロセカ・レイリアナ(Sphacelotheca reiliana)、ファイソペラ・ゼアエ(Physopella zeae)、セファロスポリウム属種(Cephalosporium spp.)(たとえば、C. メイディス(C. maydis)、C. アクレモニウム(C. acremonium))、トウモロコシ萎縮モザイクウイルス(Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus)AおよびB、コムギ条斑モザイクウイルス、メイズクロロティックドワーフウイルス(Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus)、コーンスタントスピロプラズマ(Corn stunt spiroplasma)、メイズクロロティックモトルウイルス(Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus)、ハイプレーンズウイルス、メイズモザイクウイルス(Maize Mosaic Virus)、メイズラヤドフィノウイルス(Maize Rayado Fino Virus)、メイズストリークウイルス(Maize Streak Virus)、メイズストライプウイルス(Maize Stripe Virus)、ならびにメイズラフドワーフウイルス(Maize Rough Dwarf Virus);
ソルガムに対する有害微生物、これは、たとえば以下を含む:エクセロヒラム・ツルシカム(Exserohilum turcicum)、コレトトリカム・グラミニコーラ(グロメレラ・グラミニコーラ(Glomerella graminicola))、セルコスポラ・ソルギ、グロエオセルコスポラ・ソルギ(Gloeocercospora sorghi)、アスコキタ・ソルギナ(Ascochyta sorghina)、シュードモナス属種(たとえば、P アベナエ(P avenae)(P. アルボプレシピタンス(P. alboprecipitans))、P シリンガエ病原型シリンガエ、P. アンドロポゴニス(P. andropogonis))、キサントモナス・カンペストリス病原型ホルシコーラ(Xanthomonas campestris p.v. holcicola)、プクシニア・プルプレア(Puccinia purpurea)、マクロフォミナ・ファゼオリナ、ペリコニア・シルシナータ(Periconia circinata)、フザリウム属種(たとえば、P. モニリフォルメ(P. moniliforme)、F. グラミネアラム、F. オキシスポラム)、アルテルナリア・アルテルナータ、バイポラリス・ソルギコーラ(Bipolaris sorghicola)、ヘルミントスポリウム・ソルギコーラ(Helminthosporium sorghicola)、カーブラリア・ルナータ(Curvularia lunata)、フォーマ・インシディオーサ(Phoma insidiosa)、ラムリスポラ属種(Ramulispora spp.)(たとえば、R. ソルギ(R. sorghi)、R. ソルギコーラ(R. sorghicola))、フィラコラ・サッカリ(Phyllachara sacchari)、スポリソリウム属種(Sporisorium spp.)(たとえば、S. レイリアナム(S. reilianum)(スファセロセカ・レイリアナ)、S. ソルギ(S. sorghi))、スファセロセカ・クルエンタ(Sphacelotheca cruenta)、クラビセプス・ソルギ、リゾクトニア・ソラニ、アクレモニウム・ストリクタム(Acremonium strictum)、スクレロフトラ・マクロスポラ、ペロノスクレロスポラ属種(P. ソルギ、P. フィリピネンシス)、スクレロスポラ・グラミニコーラ(Sclerospora graminicola)、ピシウム属種(P. アレノマネス、P. グラミニコーラ)、サトウキビモザイクH(Sugarcane mosaic H)、ならびにトウモロコシ萎縮モザイクウイルスAおよびB;
ならびに、イネに対する有害微生物、これは、たとえば以下を含む:マグナポルテ・グリセア(Magnaporthe grisea)およびリゾクトニア・ソラニ。
1つの態様において、リポペプチド(たとえばサーファクチン)を含む組成物は、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンスおよびミクソコッカス・キサンタスの共培養を用いて生産される。共に増殖させた場合、これらの種は互いを阻害しようとして、それにより、強力な抗細菌特性を有するリポペプチドを大量に産生する。
サーファクチンは、0.005%という低濃度で、水の表面張力を72 mN/mから27 mN/mへと減少させる能力を有する。サーファクチンは、強力な、抗細菌活性(抗バイオフィルム活性を含む)、抗ウイルス活性、および抗マイコプラズマ活性を有するが、抗真菌活性は弱い。
有利なことに、本発明による、微生物細胞培養物を含む組成物は、植物、ヒト、および動物の存在下での適用に関して安全である。不活性化された微生物細胞は、タンパク質、RNA、脂質、アミノ酸、ビタミン、ミネラル、および微量元素を、高濃度で含み得る。
主要な温室効果ガスは3種類である:二酸化炭素、メタン、および亜酸化窒素。ある態様において、本発明の方法および組成物は、これらのガスおよび他の大気汚染ガスの放出を減少させる様式で、農作業を増大させるのに役立つ。
微生物を培養する、および/または微生物の増殖時副生成物を生産する方法は、以下を含み得る:マトリックスを形成するために、トレイ上に、水と混合された固体の基材の層、および任意で、微生物の増殖を増大させるための栄養素を、広げる段階、;微生物の接種原を、マトリックスの表面上に適用する段階;接種されたトレイを、発酵リアクター内に収める段階;温度を25~40℃の間に安定させるために、リアクター内に空気を通過させる段階;ならびに、マトリックス全体に微生物を繁殖させる段階。
[本発明1001]
スターメレラ・ボンビコーラ(Starmerella bombicola)、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、バチルス・モジャベンシス(Bacillus mojavensis)、バークホルデリア・タイランデンシス(Burkholderia thailandensis)、シュードザイマ・アフィディス(Pseudozyma aphidis)、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、および/またはミクソコッカス・キサンタス(Myxococcus xanthus)である微生物と、それらの増殖時副生成物とを含み、任意で、該微生物が培養されていた発酵培養液および/または固相基材を含み、かつ任意で、プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源を含む、組成物であって、
該微生物が、生きているか、不活性化されているか、または、生きている細胞および不活性化されている細胞の組み合わせであり、かつ
該増殖時副生成物がバイオサーファクタントである、
前記組成物。
[本発明1002]
プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源が、ケルプ抽出物、フルボ酸、キチン、フミン酸塩、および/またはフミン酸である、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1003]
S. ボンビコーラ、B. タイランデンシス、P. アフィディス、およびS. セレビシエによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、糖脂質として分類される、本発明1002の組成物。
[本発明1004]
糖脂質が、ラムノ脂質、マンノシルエリスリトール脂質、および/またはソホロ脂質である、本発明1003の方法。
[本発明1005]
B. モジャベンシス、B. アミロリケファシエンス、およびM. キサンタスによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、リポペプチドである、本発明1002の組成物。
[本発明1006]
リポペプチドが、サーファクチン、イツリン、および/またはフェンギシンである、本発明1005の組成物。
[本発明1007]
以下の段階を含む、土壌の健全性および/または植物の健全性を増大させる方法:
生きているおよび/もしくは不活性化されているスターメレラ・ボンビコーラ、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ、バチルス・モジャベンシス、バークホルデリア・タイランデンシス、シュードザイマ・アフィディス、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス、ならびに/またはミクソコッカス・キサンタスである微生物と、それらの増殖時副生成物とを含み、任意で、該微生物が培養されていた発酵培養液および/または固相基材を含み、かつ任意で、プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源を含む、組成物を、土壌および/または植物に適用する段階。
[本発明1008]
プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源が、ケルプ抽出物、フルボ酸、キチン、フミン酸塩、および/またはフミン酸である、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1009]
増殖時副生成物がバイオサーファクタントである、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1010]
S. ボンビコーラ、B. タイランデンシス、P. アフィディス、およびS. セレビシエによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、糖脂質である、本発明1009の方法。
[本発明1011]
糖脂質が、ラムノ脂質、マンノシルエリスリトール脂質、および/またはソホロ脂質である、本発明1010の方法。
[本発明1012]
B. モジャベンシス、B. アミロリケファシエンス、およびM. キサンタスによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、リポペプチドである、本発明1009の方法。
[本発明1013]
リポペプチドが、フェンギシン、イツリン、および/またはサーファクチンである、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1014]
土壌の性質の1つまたは複数が改善される、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1015]
土壌の水保持能力が改善される、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1016]
土壌の排水能力および/または水分散能力が改善される、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1017]
土壌の栄養素含量が改善される、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1018]
土壌中の汚染物質が減少する、および/または除去される、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1019]
土壌の塩度が減少する、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1020]
土壌における浸透圧が減少する、本発明1014の方法。
[本発明1021]
有害生物を制御するために使用される、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1022]
植物の防御機構を活性化するために使用される、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1023]
植物の生育を刺激するために使用される、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1024]
GHG放出が減少する、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1025]
組成物を土壌に適用する段階の前に、土壌のタイプを特徴付けする段階をさらに含む、本発明1007の方法。
Claims (25)
- スターメレラ・ボンビコーラ(Starmerella bombicola)、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、バチルス・モジャベンシス(Bacillus mojavensis)、バークホルデリア・タイランデンシス(Burkholderia thailandensis)、シュードザイマ・アフィディス(Pseudozyma aphidis)、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、および/またはミクソコッカス・キサンタス(Myxococcus xanthus)である微生物と、それらの増殖時副生成物とを含み、任意で、該微生物が培養されていた発酵培養液および/または固相基材を含み、かつ任意で、プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源を含む、組成物であって、
該微生物が、生きているか、不活性化されているか、または、生きている細胞および不活性化されている細胞の組み合わせであり、かつ
該増殖時副生成物がバイオサーファクタントである、
前記組成物。 - プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源が、ケルプ抽出物、フルボ酸、キチン、フミン酸塩、および/またはフミン酸である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- S. ボンビコーラ、B. タイランデンシス、P. アフィディス、およびS. セレビシエによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、糖脂質として分類される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 糖脂質が、ラムノ脂質、マンノシルエリスリトール脂質、および/またはソホロ脂質である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- B. モジャベンシス、B. アミロリケファシエンス、およびM. キサンタスによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、リポペプチドである、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- リポペプチドが、サーファクチン、イツリン、および/またはフェンギシンである、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 以下の段階を含む、土壌の健全性および/または植物の健全性を増大させる方法:
生きているおよび/もしくは不活性化されているスターメレラ・ボンビコーラ、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ、バチルス・モジャベンシス、バークホルデリア・タイランデンシス、シュードザイマ・アフィディス、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス、ならびに/またはミクソコッカス・キサンタスである微生物と、それらの増殖時副生成物とを含み、任意で、該微生物が培養されていた発酵培養液および/または固相基材を含み、かつ任意で、プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源を含む、組成物を、土壌および/または植物に適用する段階。 - プレバイオティクスの1種または複数種の供給源が、ケルプ抽出物、フルボ酸、キチン、フミン酸塩、および/またはフミン酸である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 増殖時副生成物がバイオサーファクタントである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- S. ボンビコーラ、B. タイランデンシス、P. アフィディス、およびS. セレビシエによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、糖脂質である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 糖脂質が、ラムノ脂質、マンノシルエリスリトール脂質、および/またはソホロ脂質である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- B. モジャベンシス、B. アミロリケファシエンス、およびM. キサンタスによって産生されるバイオサーファクタントが、リポペプチドである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- リポペプチドが、フェンギシン、イツリン、および/またはサーファクチンである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 土壌の性質の1つまたは複数が改善される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 土壌の水保持能力が改善される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 土壌の排水能力および/または水分散能力が改善される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 土壌の栄養素含量が改善される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 土壌中の汚染物質が減少する、および/または除去される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 土壌の塩度が減少する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 土壌における浸透圧が減少する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 有害生物を制御するために使用される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 植物の防御機構を活性化するために使用される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 植物の生育を刺激するために使用される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- GHG放出が減少する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 組成物を土壌に適用する段階の前に、土壌のタイプを特徴付けする段階をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
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US62/953,632 | 2019-12-26 | ||
PCT/US2020/045845 WO2021030385A1 (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2020-08-12 | Microbe-based compositions for restoring soil health and controlling pests |
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EP (1) | EP4013732A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2022544263A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20220047590A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN114222499A (ja) |
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BR (1) | BR112022002792A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3146096A1 (ja) |
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IL (1) | IL290442A (ja) |
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US20230029570A1 (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2023-02-02 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Bacillus Strain for Applications in Agriculture, Livestock Health and Environmental Protection |
US11970648B1 (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2024-04-30 | Patric N. Galvin | Method for increasing water permeability in fire affected soils |
US20230048051A1 (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-02-16 | Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. | Insecticide and plant growth promotor |
WO2023177606A1 (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-09-21 | Locus Solutions Ipco, Llc | Compositions and methods for mitigating standing water and controlling water-breeding pests |
CN116354769B (zh) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-08-08 | 云南泽润三七种植有限公司 | 一种基于天然发酵的三七肥料及其制备方法 |
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US20100143316A1 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-10 | Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals And Toxic Substances Research Institute, | Novel strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its use |
BR112015030011A2 (pt) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-07-25 | Univ Cornell | composições e métodos para intensificar a germinação |
DE102014209346A1 (de) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Ertragssteigerung durch Sophorolipide |
CA2972271A1 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-07 | Safiyh Taghavi | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens rti301 compostions and methods of use for benefiting plant growth and treating plant disease |
WO2017035099A1 (en) * | 2015-08-22 | 2017-03-02 | Neozyme International, Inc. | Non-toxic pest control compositions and methods and uses thereof |
IL265048B1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2024-03-01 | Locus Ip Co Llc | Distributed systems for efficient production and use of bacteria-based preparations |
JP7071386B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-16 | 2022-05-18 | ローカス アグリカルチャー アイピー カンパニー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 線虫防除のための材料および方法 |
BR112020006359A2 (pt) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-09-24 | Locus Agriculture Ip Company, Llc | tratamento de vírus do mosaico e infecções bacterianas de plantas |
KR20200094227A (ko) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-06 | 로커스 아이피 컴퍼니 엘엘씨 | 미생물 기반 산물을 생산하기 위한 반응기 및 심부 발효법 |
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CR20220113A (es) | 2022-07-05 |
KR20220047590A (ko) | 2022-04-18 |
MX2022001930A (es) | 2022-03-11 |
AU2020329942A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
WO2021030385A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
CA3146096A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
IL290442A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
CN114222499A (zh) | 2022-03-22 |
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