CN1154715C - 微生物农药 - Google Patents
微生物农药 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1154715C CN1154715C CNB988094533A CN98809453A CN1154715C CN 1154715 C CN1154715 C CN 1154715C CN B988094533 A CNB988094533 A CN B988094533A CN 98809453 A CN98809453 A CN 98809453A CN 1154715 C CN1154715 C CN 1154715C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- bacterium
- tropolone
- rice
- ferm
- seed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
以耐托酚酮和不产生托酚酮为指标、筛选对禾本科植物育苗中发生的细菌性病原体有抗性作用的细菌的方法,以及以该方法筛选出的耐托酚酮和不产生托酚酮的细菌或其芽胞为有效成分的微生物农药。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以耐托酚酮(环庚三烯酚酮)和不产生托酚酮为指标从植物体、土壤、种子或种子的浸出液等筛选抗禾本科植物育苗中发生的细菌性病原体的抗性菌的方法。本发明还涉及以耐托酚酮和不产生托酚酮为特征的、对禾本科植物育苗中发生的细菌性病原体有抗性作用的细菌及其芽胞作为有效成分的微生物农药。
现有技术
禾本科植物育苗中发生的病害代表性的有真菌引起的水稻恶菌病、稻胡麻斑病和稻瘟病,细菌引起的稻颖枯病、立枯细菌病、褐条斑病等。在这些病害的防治上,据称种子消毒剂、土壤混合剂、土壤灌注剂、绿化后茎叶散布剂等是有效的,可将这些药剂单独或复配使用。由真菌引起的病害近年用高效苏云金杆菌(EBI)剂可高效地加以防治。而细菌引起的病害虽可用化学农药防治,但在细菌爆发的情况下化学农药通常效果差,而有难以充分防治的问题。在细菌病害爆发的情况下,目前只能放弃病苗。人们期望能开发预防或防治细菌病害爆发的农药。
本发明者等鉴于上述现状,研究的课题为对禾本科植物的细菌病害防治效果优于化学农药的生物防治剂的探索,注重稻苗立枯细菌病的病原毒素、通过从禾本植物筛选耐托酚酮的菌同时又是托酚酮非生产菌,来确立抗性微生物的筛选方法,对可用于防治细菌病害的微生物材料锐意研究的结果,从稻秧成功地分离出对病原菌具有抗性作用的细菌,从而完成了本发明。
发明的揭示
本发明涉及以耐托酚酮和不产生托酚酮为指标从植物体、土壤、种子或种子的浸出液等筛选抗禾本科植物育苗中发生的细菌性病原体的抗性菌的方法。本发明还涉及以耐托酚酮和不产生托酚酮为特征的、对禾本科植物育苗中发生的细菌性病原体有抗性作用的细菌及其芽胞作为有效成分的微生物农地说,涉及以选自属于假单胞菌属、芽胞杆菌属、肠杆菌属的细菌作为对禾本科植物特别是其育苗中发生的细菌性病害有抗性作用的抗性菌的微生物农药。还涉及混合使用其中2种以上的微生物农药。具体地说,涉及具有如下特征的防治禾本科植物的细菌性病害的微生物农药:即将对禾本科植物特别是其育苗中发生的细菌性病害有抗性作用的选自属于假单胞菌属、芽胞杆菌属、肠杆菌属的细菌或其中2种以上的混合物对种子进行处理,或使育苗土壤中含有该菌,或将该菌体添加在浸种液中,或将该菌液散布在大田的禾本科植物体上。
发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的筛选方法系将水稻等植物的碎片、磨碎提取液、土壤、种子、种子的浸种液等涂抹或置于已添加托酚酮的适当的固体培养基上,将所得的耐托酚酮菌的菌落接种于添加铁离子的适当的培养基上,选择在此含铁培养基上不呈红色的菌株,在适当的培养基上培养增殖,收集细菌细胞,将菌体制成制剂或直接以活菌悬浮液处理患病的稻谷,检测防治效果,选择有效菌株。本发明的筛选中,也可用托酚酮衍生物代替托酚酮。
可用本发明的筛选方法筛选、对禾本科植物育苗中发生的细菌病原体有抗性作用的细菌或其芽胞作为有效成分,用作微生物农药。本发明中所用的生物防治材料可用上述筛选方法得到,为选自属于假单胞菌属、芽胞杆菌属、肠杆菌属的细菌,或也可混合使用其中2种以上细菌。属于假单胞菌属细菌可有例如致金色假单胞菌种的细菌,更具体地有致金色假单胞菌B5。芽胞杆菌属细菌有例如多粘芽胞杆菌种的细菌,更具体地有多粘芽胞杆菌B36。属于肠杆菌属的细菌有例如阴沟肠杆菌种的细菌,更具体地有阴沟肠杆菌B51。致金色假单胞菌B5、多粘芽胞杆菌B36和阴沟肠杆菌B51的细菌学诸性质如下:
表1 致金色假单胞菌B5的性质
试验项目 试验结果
形态 杆菌
革兰氏染色性 -
孢子 -
运动性 +
鞭毛 极多毛
对氧的需求 需氧性
氧化酶 +
过氧化氢酶 +
O/F 0
菌株的颜色 不生成特殊的颜色
荧光色素的生成 +
水溶性色素的生成 +(橙色系)
PHP累积 -
41℃繁殖 -
果聚糖的生成 -
精氨酸二水解酶 +
脱氮反应 -
硝酸盐的还原 -
明胶的液化 +
淀粉的水解 -
吐温80的分解 +
碳源同化作用
葡萄糖 +
海藻糖 +
2-酮葡糖酸 +
肌醇 +
牻牛儿醇(Geraniol) -
L-缬氨酸 +
β-丙氨酸 +
DL-精氨酸 +
核糖醇 -
山梨糖醇 -
苯醌系 Q-9
菌体内DNA的GC含量(mol%) 63
表2 多粘芽胞杆菌B36的性质
试验项目 | 试验结果 |
形态 | 杆菌 |
革兰氏染色性 | + |
孢子 | + |
形状 | 椭圆形 |
位置 | 末端 |
孢子囊 | 膨出 |
运动性 | + |
对氧的需求 | 兼性厌氧性 |
过氧化氢酶 | + |
厌氧条件下的生长 | + |
VP反应 | + |
VP肉汤的pH | 4.7 |
从葡萄糖生成的氧 | + |
从葡萄糖生成的气体 | + |
明胶的液化 | + |
淀粉的水解 | + |
柠檬酸盐的利用 | - |
丙酸盐的利用 | - |
卵黄反应 | - |
硝酸盐的还原 | + |
二羟基丙酮的生成 | + |
于pH6.8的生长(营养肉汤) | + |
于PH5.7的生长 | + |
5%NaCl存在下的生长 | - |
7%NaCl存在下的生长 | - |
5℃的生长 | - |
10℃的生长 | + |
40℃的生长 | + |
50℃的生长 | - |
菌体内DNA的GC含量(mol%) | 45 |
表3 阴沟肠杆菌B51的性质
形态 | 杆菌 |
革兰氏染色性 | - |
运动性 | + |
黄色色素 | - |
红色色素 | - |
McKonkey琼脂培养基上的生长 | + |
Simmons柠檬酸盐琼脂培养基上的生长 | + |
脲酶 | - |
氧化酶 | - |
H2S(TSI)的生成 | - |
硝酸盐的还原 | + |
丙二酸盐的利用 | + |
ONPG | + |
精氨酸二水解酶 | + |
酪氨酸脱羧酶 | - |
鸟氨酸脱羧酶 | + |
酪蛋白水解作用 | - |
脱氧核糖核酸酶 | - |
从葡葡糖产生的气体 | + |
酸: | - |
甘露糖醇 | + |
核糖醇 | - |
阿拉伯糖 | + |
肌醇 | - |
鼠李糖 | + |
山梨糖醇 | + |
麦芽糖 | + |
蔗糖 | - |
IPA | - |
VP反应 | + |
吲哚产生 | - |
这三种细菌是本发明者等从稻秧分离到的,参考Bergy的《系统细菌学手册》第一卷、第二卷和Bergy的从以上性质《系统细菌学手册》(第9版),从以上性质将它们鉴定为致金色假单胞菌、多粘芽胞杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌。各细菌分别命名为致金色假单胞菌B5、多粘芽胞杆菌B36和阴沟肠杆菌B51。这些细菌分别以BP-6067、FERM BP-6068和FERM BP-6069保藏号保藏于国立生命科学和人体技术研究所。
这些细菌是耐托酚酮的、并且是非托酚酮产生菌,对于主要引起禾本科植物细菌性病害的病原菌具有抗性作用。其有效防治的病害有例如禾本科植物籽枯细菌病(Pseudomonas plantarii)、水稻枯细菌病(Pseudomonas glumae)、水稻褐条病(燕麦假单胞菌,Pseudomonas avenae)、水稻白叶枯病(Xanthomonascampestris)、水稻杆枯病(丁香假单胞菌,Pseudomonas syringae pv.oryzae)、水稻根腐病(Erwunia chrysanthemi pv.zeae)、水稻内稃褐变病(Erwiniaherbcola)、水稻叶鞘褐变病(Pseudomnas fuscovaginae)、水稻恶菌病(Gibberella fujikuroi)、水稻长蠕孢菌叶斑病(Cochliobolas miyabeanus)稻瘟病(Pyricularia oryzae)、大麦/小麦黑节病(Peudomonas syringae pv.jaonica)、燕麦晕圈疫(Pseudomonas syringae pv.coronafaciens)、燕麦叶脉枯萎病(Pseudomonas syringae pv.striafaciens)、玉米褐条病(Pseudomonae avenae)、玉米倒伏细菌病(Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae)羊茅草/黑麦草晕圈疫(Pseudomonas syringae pv.atropurprea)高粱条斑细菌病(Pseudomonas andropogonis)、缬缕草叶枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)、缬缕草叶枯腐病(Rhizoctonia)等。
本发明的微生物农药以这些细菌和/或其芽胞为有效成分。例如,可将上述细菌的悬浮液散布、喷洒、涂抹在禾本科植物或其种子上,或将禾本科植物种子浸于这些细菌的悬浮液中,或将这些细菌的菌体加到浸种液中,灌注、混合到育苗土壤(床土或覆盖土)中,或将这些细菌的悬浮液散布到大田中的禾本科植物体上。细菌悬浮液的合适浓度随上述施用方法的不同而不同,例如,在作水稻种子外壳浸渍处理时,这些细菌的浓度为1×1011~1×102/ml,以1×1010~1×105/ml为佳,温度为5℃~40℃,以15℃~30℃为佳,处理1~2天左右。这种情况下,悬浮液可以是培养菌液,或将培养菌液通过离心分离等除去培养基,将菌体用水或生理盐水、缓冲液等再悬浮形成的悬浮液。也可采用直接或以适当分散剂分散后冷冻干燥等稳定保存的细菌再悬浮所得的液体。液体。
本发明的微生物农药可以是将对禾本科植物育苗中发生的细菌性病原体具有抗性作用的上述抗性细菌和/或其芽胞直接制成悬浮液加以使用,也可与诸如固体载体、液体载体等各种载体混合,必要时可加添加剂、其它佐剂,制成可湿性粉剂、悬浮液、粉剂、颗粒剂、糊剂和微胶囊剂加以使用。
制剂中所用的固体载体可用例如高岭土、叶蜡石、膨润土、蒙脱土、硅藻土、酸性白土、蛭石和珍珠岩等矿物质载体,硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素、氯化铵和碳酸钙等无机盐。还可用小麦粉、麦麸、米糠等有机物微粉。液体载体可用大豆油、棉籽油等植物油、甘油、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、聚丙二醇等。
粘合剂、分散剂等制剂可有酪蛋白、明胶、淀粉、阿拉伯树胶、藻酸、纤维素衍生物等多糖类、木素衍生物、糖类、植物油、矿物油、合成水溶性高分子等。
必要时,其它作为制剂用的助剂可用防冻剂、消泡剂、增稠剂等。
另外,本发明的抗性细菌可与以真菌病害为对象的种子消毒剂或分散剂混合使用,如C18H24ClN3O(ipconazol)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、氟咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、苯菌灵、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、三环唑(tricyclazol)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、KTU-3616(carpropamid)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、敌瘟灵(EDDP)、萎锈灵(carboxine)等。
还可与杀虫剂、杀线虫剂、杀螨剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂、增效剂等混合、或不混合而同时使用。
在本发明的微生物农药制剂中,通常含本发明的抗性细菌(以湿重计)约0.1-95重量%。以每克制剂中含有约102-1010个菌落形成单位为佳。
实施例
以下列举筛选例、试验例、制剂例对本发明进行说明。
筛选例 从稻苗分离抗性菌
从贴地部约1cm切取患稻苗立枯细菌病的稻苗,加入少量灭菌水,在乳培养基上,然后于30℃培养5天。将出现的菌落移植于已添加氯化铁(Fe+++为50ppm)的PPGA培养基上,30℃培养5天。形成的菌落是稻苗立枯细菌病菌,如果产生托酚酮,则因与培养基中的Fe+++形成复合物而呈红色。如果是非托酚酮产生菌,则不呈红色。选取不呈红色的菌落,在PPG培养基中30℃振摇培养2天,于5000×g离心分离30分钟,分离除去培养基。
将所得的菌体再悬浮于灭菌水中,将患苗立枯细菌病的稻谷在菌体悬浮液中20℃浸渍24小时。将经处理的稻谷在适当条件下浸种、催芽后进行播种、育苗。与未处理稻谷相比较而得到防治效果的菌株选作抗性菌。
试验例1 对稻苗立枯细菌病的防治效果
以开花期接种的稻苗立枯细菌病细菌的稻种(品种:日本晴)和如上所述得到的耐托酚酮和非托酚酮产生菌致金色假单胞菌B5、多粘芽胞杆菌B36和阴沟肠杆菌B51作抗稻苗立枯细菌病的种子处理,研究其防治效果。
将抗性菌致金色假单胞菌B5、多粘芽胞杆菌B36和和阴沟肠杆菌B51分别用PPGA培养基30℃培养24小时,离心分离除去培养基,用灭菌水再悬浮物作试验。将患病种子以1∶1的体积比在抗性菌悬浮液(菌浓度1×109个/ml)中浸渍24小时,接着于30℃浸种(体积比1∶1)3天,然后,在铺有市售水稻育苗用粒状培养土(商品名:组合公司粒状培养土)的育苗用箱(10×15cm)中以每箱5克干种进行播种(1区3个重复)。然后,在出芽器中于32℃保持4天,使其出芽,以后在玻璃温室中育苗。用如下指数评价播种15天后各试验区的发病情况。为了作比较,用市售种子消毒剂Sporutak-Starner SE可湿性粉200倍稀释液作同样的试验。结果见表4。
0: 不发病
1: 可见白化苗的发生但无枯死苗
2: 枯死苗25%以下
3: 枯死苗25-50%
4: 枯死秒50-80%
5: 枯死苗80%以上(几乎全部枯死)
表4 各菌株对稻苗立枯细菌病的效果
菌株或药剂名 发病指数
致金色假单胞菌B5 0.0
多粘芽胞杆菌B36 0.3
阴沟肠杆菌B51 0.3
Sportak-Starner SE可湿性粉剂(200倍稀释) 2.3
未处理 4.0
试验例2 对稻颖枯细菌病的防治效果
采用在减压下接种稻颖枯细菌病细菌悬浮液的稻种(品种:日本晴)和以致金色假单胞菌B5作为抗性细菌,通过抗性细菌的种子处理进行防治效果研究。试验按试验例1同样的方法进行。以播种15天后未处理区的枯死苗量为5,按目测指数评价。结果见表5。
表5 各菌株或药剂对稻颖枯细菌病的效果
菌株或药剂名 发病指数
致金色假单胞菌B5 1.5
Sportak-Starner SE可湿性粉剂200倍 2.4
未处理 5.0
制剂例
将本发明的抗性细菌用适当的液体培养基振荡培养后,离心分离除去培养养基成分,加入高岭土和水或适当的缓冲液,再悬浮,冷冻干燥。将其在乳钵中轻轻粉碎,按重量比,将粉碎物85%与聚氧化乙烯壬基苯基醚10%、木素磺酸钠5%相混合,得到可湿性粉剂形式的制剂。
产业上利用的可能性
以本发明筛选方法选出的细菌及其芽胞为有效成分的微生物农药可得到高于化学农药的防治效果,可望对特定化学农药抗性菌也有效。因而,代替以往的化学农药施用可减少化学物质在环境中释放。按照本发明,可减轻禾本科植物细菌性病害的发生所致农民的经济损失。
关于微生物
1)保藏机构:国立生命科学和人体技术研究所
地址:日本国茨城县つくば市东1丁目1番3号
保藏日:1997年8月21日
保藏号:FERM BP-6067
2)保藏机构:国立生命科学和人体技术研究所
地址:日本国茨城县つくば市东1丁目1番3号
保藏日:1997年8月21日
保藏号:FERM BP-6068
3)保藏机构:国立生命科学和人体技术研究所
地址:日本国茨城县つくば市东1丁目1番3号
保藏日:1997年8月21日
保藏号:FERM BP-6069
Claims (8)
1.微生物农药,它包含:
载体;和
作为活性成分的至少一种选自致金色假单胞菌B5,FERM BP-6067;多粘芽胞杆菌B36,FERM BP-6068;和阴沟肠杆菌B51,FERM BP-6069的菌株的生物纯培养物。
2.如权利要求1所述的微生物农药,其特征在于,所述的活性成分为致金色假单胞菌B5,FERM BP-6067。
3.如权利要求1所述的微生物农药,其特征在于,所述的活性成分为多粘芽胞杆菌B36,FERM BP-6068。
4.如权利要求1所述的微生物农药,其特征在于,所述的活性成分为阴沟肠杆菌B51,FERM BP-6069。
5.如权利要求1所述的微生物农药,其特征在于,它包含两种或多种所述的生物纯培养物。
6.致金色假单胞菌B5,FERM BP-6067的生物纯培养物。
7.多粘芽胞杆菌B36,FERM BP-6068的生物纯培养物。
8.阴沟肠杆菌B51,FERM BP-6069的生物纯培养物。
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JP4606131B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-18 | 2011-01-05 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | イネ苗病害の防除剤および防除方法 |
JP4980651B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-09 | 2012-07-18 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 菌体温度を制御する能力を有する細菌 |
JP5093569B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2012-12-12 | 鳥取県 | 非病原性のエルビニア属の新菌株,これを用いたイネ内穎褐変病の防除剤及び防除方法 |
KR101185847B1 (ko) | 2009-05-27 | 2012-09-27 | 대한민국 | 벼의 생엽절편을 이용한 병원균 억제물질의 스크리닝 방법 |
US8318636B2 (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-11-27 | University Of Delaware | Compositions and methods for improving rice growth and restricting arsenic uptake |
CN102428964B (zh) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-06-19 | 南京农业大学 | 一种防治黄瓜霜霉病的生防复合菌剂cb28合剂 |
US20200396989A1 (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2020-12-24 | Jack L. Mathis | Silane Modified Diatomaceous Earth Mechanical Insecticide |
US9877486B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2018-01-30 | AgBiome, Inc. | Methods of growing plants using modified biological control agents |
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CN107548282A (zh) * | 2014-07-09 | 2018-01-05 | 诺巴克拉以色列有限公司 | 幼苗中种子相关病害的生物防治 |
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BR9812833A (pt) | 2000-08-08 |
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AU9096298A (en) | 1999-04-23 |
CN1271382A (zh) | 2000-10-25 |
KR20010023761A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
US20020051764A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
WO1999016859A1 (fr) | 1999-04-08 |
EP1018545A4 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
CA2304771A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
US6565846B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
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