JP2022539779A - 腫瘍を治療するための医薬組成物、キット及び方法 - Google Patents
腫瘍を治療するための医薬組成物、キット及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様は、治療有効量の、CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAを担持するエクソソームと、治療有効量の、免疫刺激剤又は免疫刺激剤と抗PD-1抗体の両方を発現する腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルス(oHSV)とを含む医薬組成物に関する。
「一」又は「1つ」の実体という表現は当該実体の1つ又は複数を指すということに留意されたい。例えば、「エクソソーム」は1つ又は複数のエクソソームを表すと理解されている。したがって、用語「1つ」、「1つ又は複数」及び「少なくとも1つ」は本明細書で入れ替わって使用される。
本明細書で入れ替わって使用される「CTLA4を標的とする複数のmiRNA」、「CTLA4を標的とする1つのmiRNA」、「CTLA4を標的とするmiRNA」といった用語は、細胞内でのCTLA4の転写、翻訳そして発現が損なわれるか、減少するか又は排除されるよう、タンパク質CTLA4をコードするmRNAを標的とし又はそれと特異的に結合するように設計された小さな非コードRNA(microRNA又はmiRNA)を指す。上記で説明されているように、miRNAは必ずしも100%の特異性で標的mRNAに結合するとは限らない。miRNAは、標的mRNAへの結合の特異性を決定するシード配列(5’末端から2つ-8つのヌクレオチド)を持っていることが知られているが、残りのヌクレオチドは必ずしも標的mRNAと正確に相補的ではない。したがって、一実施形態において、前記miRNAは、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3又は配列番号4のヌクレオチド配列のいずれかのシード配列を有する。いくつかの実施形態において、CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAは、細胞に送達された後、細胞におけるCTLA4タンパク質の発現を遮断する。
エクソソームは細胞膜に由来する小さくて比較的均一なサイズの小胞である。例えば、エクソソームは約30-約100nmの直径を有する。それらはいくつかの重要なタンパク質(例えば、CD9、CD63、CD81、CD82、アネキシン、フロチリン(Flotillin)など)を含み、さらにそれらはタンパク質、mRNA、長鎖ノンコーディングRNA及びmiRNAをパッケージングする。エクソソームはペイロードを1つの細胞から別の細胞に輸送する。レシピエント細胞に入ると、エクソソームペイロードが細胞質に放出される。
本明細書で使用される腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルス(oHSV)は、腫瘍細胞の破壊に利用可能で又は効果的であるように設計される、当技術分野で知られている任意の腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスI型(HSV-1)を指す。さらに、本発明で使用されるoHSVはまた、天然のoHSVの1つ又は複数の特徴が削除されるように遺伝子操作することができる。さらに又は代わりに、天然に存在するoHSVは、免疫療法又は免疫刺激特性などのウイルスの1つ又は複数の追加の機能を提供するように、ウイルスのゲノムにコード配列の1つ又は複数の外因性断片を導入するように遺伝子操作されてもよい。
本開示の一態様は、それを必要とする対象に、治療有効量の、CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAを担持するエクソソームと治療有効量の、免疫刺激剤又は免疫刺激剤と抗PD-1抗体の両方を発現するoHSVとを投与することを含む、対象の腫瘍の治療方法を提供する。
本開示の一態様は、上記で説明されている治療有効量のエクソソームと治療有効量のoHSVと、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物を提供する。当該医薬組成物は、対象における腫瘍の予防又は治療に有用である。当該医薬組成物は、薬学的に許容される適切な担体又は賦形剤で調製することができる。
CTLA4チェックポイントをコードするmRNAが標的となるように特別に設計されたmiRNAを担持し、それを腫瘍細胞に放出するように設計されたエクソソームからなる補助療法の開発について説明する。
同系マウスモデルである。MFC腫瘍を受け入れるために同系マウスはBalb/cとした。
5’-AACCTTCAGTGGAGTTGGCGAGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACTcGCCAACCACTGAAGGTT-3’(配列番号53)、
miR-CTLA4-2#:
5’-CTTCAGTGGAGTTGGCGAGCAGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACTGCTCGCCCtCCACTGAAG-3’(配列番号54)、
miR-CTLA4-3#:
5’-ACTGTGCTGCGGAGGACAAATGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACATTTGTCCCGCAGCACAGT-3’(配列番号55)、
miR-CTLA4-4#:
5’-CGACATTCACGGAGGAGAATAGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACTATTCTCCCGTGAATGTCG-3’(配列番号56)、
miR-CTLA4-5#:
5’-GAACCTCACCCTCCAAGGACTGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACAGTCCTTGGGGTGAGGTTC-3’(配列番号57)、
miR-CTLA4-6#:
5’-ATCCAAGGACTGGGAGCTGTTGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACAACAGCTCAGTCCTTGGAT-3’(配列番号58)、
miR-CTLA4-7#:
5’-ACTCATGTACCCTCCGCCATAGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACTATGGCGGGGTACATGAGT-3’(配列番号59)、
miR-CTLA4-8#:
5’-GGCAACGGGAGGCGGAGTTATGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACATAACTCCCTCCCGTTGCC-3’(配列番号60)、
miR-CTLA4-9#:
5’-GGGCAACGGGACGGAGATTTAGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACTAAATCTCTCCCGTTGCCC-3’(配列番号61)、
miR-CTLA4-10#:
5’-TGACTGTGCTGCGGCGGACAAGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACTTGTCCGCCAGCACAGTCA-3’(配列番号62)。
下線は成熟したmiRNA配列を示す。
miR-CTLA-4を含むエクソソーム(miR-CTLA-4 exo)の設計と製造
最初の一連の実験の目的はCTLA4を標的とするmiRNAを含むエクソソームを設計及び製造することであった。そのためには、最初にmiR-CTLA4-1#、miR-CTLA4-2#、miR-CTLA4-3#、miR-CTLA4-4#、miR-CTLA4-5#、miR-CTLA4-6#、miR-CTLA4-7#、miR-CTLA4-8#、miR-CTLA4-9#及びmiR-CTLA4-10#と呼ばれる10個のmiRNAを構築した。図1に示す各miRNAの配列には、miRNAのシード配列の下流にエクソソームパッケージング関連モチーフ(exo-motifs)を具体化する追加の配列が含まれている。図1Aに示すように、miRNAは、材料と方法で説明されているように、「pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-negコントロールプラスミド」と名づけたmiRNA発現ベクターに、EGFPをコードするオープンリーディングフレームの下流にクローニングされた。
miR-CTLA-4を担持するエクソソームの特性を検討するためにいくつかの実験を実行した。まず、エクソソームを生成する等量の細胞と等量のエクソソームが可溶化され、変性ゲルで電気泳動にかけられ、CD9、フロチリン-1(Flotilin-1)及びカルネキシン(Calnexin)に対する抗体によってプローブされた。予想の通り、結果(図2A)は、エクソソームにCD9とフロチリン-1(Flotilin-1)が含まれているが、カルネキシン(Calnexin)は含まれていないことを示す。
Claims (42)
- 対象の腫瘍を治療するための医薬組成物であって、
治療有効量のエクソソームと、
治療有効量の腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスと、
薬学的に許容される担体とを含み、
ここで、前記エクソソームは、阻害量のCTLA4を標的とするmiRNAと、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列に作動可能に連結されて前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAの前記エクソソームへのパッケージングを増強するエキソモチーフとを含み、
前記腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスは、免疫刺激剤を発現する、又は免疫刺激剤と抗PD-1抗体の両方を発現する、医薬組成物。 - 前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列が、配列番号1から配列番号4の核酸配列のいずれか1つを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記エキソモチーフが、配列番号21から配列番号49の核酸配列からなる群より選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記エキソモチーフが、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列の下流に位置し、且つそれと共有結合している、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記エキソモチーフが、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列以外の1つ又は複数の核酸の突然変異によって得られる、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記エキソモチーフが、2つの単一のエキソモチーフの組み合わせによって生成される2つ折りのモチーフであり、前記2つの単一のエキソモチーフのいずれかが、配列番号21から配列番号47の核酸配列からなる群より選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記2つ折りのモチーフが、配列番号48の核酸配列を有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 作動可能に連結された場合、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAと前記エキソモチーフは、少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドもしくは2つのヌクレオチドを共有するか、又はリンカーによって接続される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記リンカーが、アデニン(A)、グアニン(G)、シトシン(C)、チミン(T)及びウラシル(U)からなる群より選択される2つ又はそれ以上のヌクレオチドからなる、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 前記リンカーが-GC-である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 作動可能に連結された場合、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAと前記エキソモチーフは、配列番号7の核酸配列を有する、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫刺激剤が、GM-CSF、IL-2、IL-5、IL-12、IL-15、IL-24及びIL-27から選択される、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫刺激剤がIL-12である、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスがIL-12を発現する、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスがIL-12と抗PD-1抗体の両方を発現する、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスがIL-12及び抗PD-1抗体を発現するHSV-1である、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記HSV-1がHSV-1のF株である、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 天然骨格の117005から132096までのヌクレオチド配列の断片が削除されている、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 前記腫瘍が悪性腫瘍である、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記悪性腫瘍が、黒色腫、線維肉腫、粘液肉腫、軟骨肉腫、骨形成性肉腫、脊索腫、血管肉腫、内皮肉腫、リンパ管肉腫、リンパ管内皮肉腫、滑膜腫、中皮腫、ユーイング肉腫、平滑筋肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、結腸がん、膵がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、前立腺がん、扁平上皮がん、基底細胞がん、腺がん、汗腺がん、脂腺がん、乳頭がん、乳頭腺がん、嚢胞腺がん、髄様がん、気管支原性がん、腎細胞がん、肝がん、胆管がん、絨毛がん、セミノーマ、胚性がん、ウィルムス腫瘍、子宮頸がん、精巣腫瘍、肺がん、小細胞肺がん、膀胱がん、上皮がん、神経膠腫、星状細胞腫、髄芽腫、頭蓋咽頭腫、上衣腫、松果体腫、血管芽腫、聴神経腫、乏突起神経膠腫、髄膜腫、神経芽細胞腫、網膜芽細胞腫、胃がん及び前胃がんからなる群より選択される、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- (a)治療有効量のエクソソームであって、阻害量のCTLA4を標的とするmiRNAと、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列に作動可能に連結されて前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAの前記エクソソームへのパッケージングを増強するエキソモチーフとを含む、前記治療有効量のエクソソームと、
(b)免疫刺激剤を発現する、又は免疫刺激剤と抗PD-1抗体の両方を発現する、治療有効量の腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスとを含む、対象の腫瘍を治療するためのキットであって、
(c)使用説明書を含んでいてもよい、キット。 - 前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列が、配列番号1から配列番号4の核酸配列のいずれか1つを含む、請求項22に記載のキット。
- 前記エキソモチーフが配列番号21から配列番号49の核酸配列からなる群より選択される、請求項22又は23に記載のキット。
- 前記エキソモチーフが前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列の下流に位置し、且つそれと共有結合している、請求項22から24のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記エキソモチーフが、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAのシード配列以外の1つ又は複数の核酸の突然変異によって得られる、請求項22から25のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記エキソモチーフが2つの単一のエキソモチーフの組み合わせによって生成される2つ折りのモチーフであり、前記2つの単一のエキソモチーフのいずれかが配列番号21から配列番号47の核酸配列からなる群より選択される、請求項22から26のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記2つ折りのモチーフが配列番号48の核酸配列を有する、請求項22から27のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 作動可能に連結された場合、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAと前記エキソモチーフは少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドもしくは2つのヌクレオチドを共有するか、又はリンカーによって接続される、請求項22から28のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記リンカーが、アデニン(A)、グアニン(G)、シトシン(C)、チミン(T)及びウラシル(U)からなる群より選択される2つ又はそれ以上のヌクレオチドからなる、請求項29に記載のキット。
- 前記リンカーが-GC-である、請求項30に記載のキット。
- 作動可能に連結された場合、前記CTLA4を標的とするmiRNAと前記エキソモチーフは、配列番号7の核酸配列を有する、請求項22から31のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記免疫刺激剤がGM-CSF、IL-2、IL-5、IL-12、IL-15、IL-24及びIL-27から選択される、請求項22から32のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記免疫刺激剤がIL-12である、請求項33に記載のキット。
- 前記腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスがIL-12を発現する、請求項22から34のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスがIL-12と抗PD-1抗体の両方を発現する、請求項22から35のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記腫瘍溶解性単純ヘルペスウイルスがIL-12及び抗PD-1抗体を発現するHSV-1である、請求項22から36のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記HSV-1がHSV-1のF株である、請求項37に記載のキット。
- 天然骨格の117005から132096までのヌクレオチド配列の断片が削除されている、請求項38に記載のキット。
- 前記腫瘍が悪性腫瘍である、請求項22から39のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記悪性腫瘍が、黒色腫、線維肉腫、粘液肉腫、軟骨肉腫、骨形成性肉腫、脊索腫、血管肉腫、内皮肉腫、リンパ管肉腫、リンパ管内皮肉腫、滑膜腫、中皮腫、ユーイング肉腫、平滑筋肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、結腸がん、膵がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、前立腺がん、扁平上皮がん、基底細胞がん、腺がん、汗腺がん、脂腺がん、乳頭がん、乳頭腺がん、嚢胞腺がん、髄様がん、気管支原性がん、腎細胞がん、肝がん、胆管がん、絨毛がん、セミノーマ、胚性がん、ウィルムス腫瘍、子宮頸がん、精巣腫瘍、肺がん、小細胞肺がん、膀胱がん、上皮がん、神経膠腫、星状細胞腫、髄芽腫、頭蓋咽頭腫、上衣腫、松果体腫、血管芽腫、聴神経腫、乏突起神経膠腫、髄膜腫、神経芽細胞腫、網膜芽細胞腫、胃がん及び前胃がんからなる群より選択される、請求項40に記載のキット。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項22から41のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
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