JP2022501031A - キメラ抗原受容体改変免疫細胞の活性化及び拡大培養のためのプロテインl - Google Patents
キメラ抗原受容体改変免疫細胞の活性化及び拡大培養のためのプロテインl Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で用いられるとき、「本質的に含まない」は、特定の成分の観点から、意図的に組成物に製剤化されている特定の成分がなく、且つ/又はあくまで汚染物質として若しくは微量に存在することを意味するように本明細書で用いられる。したがって、組成物の任意の意図されない汚染物質から得られる特定の成分の総量は、0.05%を十分に下回り、好ましくは0.01%未満である。標準的な分析法で特定の成分の量が検出できないような組成物が最も好ましい。
本開示の特定の実施形態は、CARを発現する免疫細胞に関する。免疫細胞は、T細胞(例えば、制御性T細胞、CD4+T細胞、CD8+T細胞、α−βT細胞又はγ−δT細胞)、NK細胞、インバリアントNK細胞、NKT細胞又は幹細胞(例えば、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)又は人工多能性幹(iPSC)細胞)であり得る。いくつかの実施形態では、細胞は、単球又は顆粒球、例えば骨髄系細胞、マクロファージ、好中球、樹状細胞、肥満細胞、好酸球及び/又は好塩基球である。さらに、免疫細胞を生成及び改変する方法並びに細胞が自己又は同種異系であり得る場合、養子細胞療法のために細胞を使用及び投与する方法が本明細書に提供される。したがって、免疫細胞は、例えば、がん細胞を標的にする免疫療法として使用され得る。
いくつかの実施形態では、免疫細胞は、T細胞である。機能的な抗腫瘍エフェクター細胞の誘導、活性化及び拡大培養についてのいくつかの基本的手法は、ここ20年において記載がなされている。これらは、自己細胞、例えば腫瘍浸潤性リンパ球(TIL);自己樹状細胞、リンパ球又はT細胞リガンド、人工抗原提示細胞(APC)又は活性化抗体でコーティングされたビーズ又は標的細胞膜を捕捉することによって単離された細胞を使用して生体外で活性化されたT細胞;抗宿主腫瘍T細胞受容体(TCR)を天然に発現する同種異系細胞;並びに「Tボディ」として公知の抗体様腫瘍認識能力を示す腫瘍反応性TCR又はキメラTCR分子を発現するように遺伝的にリプログラム又は「リダイレクト」された非腫瘍特異的自己又は同種異系細胞を含む。これらの手法は、本明細書に記載の方法において使用可能である、T細胞の調製及び免疫のための極めて多数のプロトコルをもたらしている。
いくつかの実施形態では、本開示のCAR改変免疫細胞は、幹細胞、例えば人工多能性幹細胞(PSC)、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)又は造血幹細胞(HSC)に由来し得るか又は由来する。
本開示の特定の実施形態は、PSCのHPCへの分化に関する。PSCは、例えば、米国特許第8,372,642号明細書(参照により本明細書に援用される)に記載の当技術分野で公知の方法により、HPCに分化され得る。一方法では、造血分化を促進するため、BMP4、VEGF、Flt3リガンド、IL−3及びGM−CSFの組み合わせが使用され得る。特定の実施形態では、分化のためのPSCを調製するための第1の培地、BMP4、VEGF及びFGFを含む第2の培地への細胞培養物の連続的曝露、それに続くFlt3リガンド、SCF、TPO、IL−3及びIL−6を含む第3の培地中での培養により、多能性細胞がHPC及び造血細胞に分化され得る。第2の規定された培地は、ヘパリンも含み得る。さらに、FGF−2(50ng/ml)をBMP4及びVEGFを含有する培地へ含有させることにより、多能性細胞からの造血前駆細胞の生成効率が増強され得る。さらに、グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ3(GSK3)阻害剤(例えば、CHIR99021、BIO及びSB−216763)を第1の規定された培地へ含有させることにより、HPCの生成がさらに増強され得る。
本開示の特定の実施形態は、造血細胞分化/機能にとって重要なプログラミング遺伝子の組み合わせの発現を介したCAR−PSCのフォワードプログラミングにより、HPCを提供する。一方法では、PSCは、国際出願PCT/米国特許出願公開第2016/057893号明細書(その全体が参照により本明細書に援用される)に記載のような、ETS遺伝子(例えば、ETC2又はERG)、造血発生遺伝子(例えば、GATA2)及びホメオボックス遺伝子(例えば、HOXA9)などの少なくとも3つの造血前駆体のプログラミング遺伝子を発現するように改変される。特定の態様では、ETV2/ERG、GATA2及びHOXA9遺伝子は、CAR−PSCにトランスフェクトされる双方向性Tightプロモーターを使用して、1つのベクター、例えば誘導性PiggyBacベクターにより同時発現される。
本明細書に提供されるCARは、疾患又は障害の処置において有用な任意の抗原特異性を有し得る。遺伝子改変抗原受容体によって標的にされる抗原の中には、養子細胞療法を介する標的化対象の疾患、病態又は細胞型との関連で発現されるものがある。疾患及び病態の中には、増殖性、腫瘍性及び悪性の疾患及び障害、例えばがん及び腫瘍、例えば血液がん、免疫系のがん、例えばリンパ腫、白血病及び/又は骨髄腫、例えばB、T及び骨髄性白血病、リンパ腫及び多発性骨髄腫がある。いくつかの実施形態では、抗原は、正常な又は標的化されない細胞又は組織と比べて、疾患又は病態の細胞、例えば腫瘍又は病原細胞上で選択的に発現されるか又は過剰発現され、自己免疫若しくは同種免疫異常に関連する抗原又は病原体特異抗原である。他の実施形態では、抗原は、正常細胞上で発現され、および/又は操作された細胞上で発現される。
いくつかの実施形態では、CARは、抗原に特異的に結合する細胞外抗原認識ドメインを有する。いくつかの実施形態では、抗原は、細胞の表面で発現されるタンパク質である。いくつかの実施形態では、CARは、TCR様CARであり、抗原は、プロセシングされたペプチド抗原、例えば細胞内タンパク質のペプチド抗原であり、それは、TCRのように主要組織適合複合体(MHC)分子との関連において細胞表面で認識される。
いくつかの実施形態では、本開示は、免疫療法のための方法であって、有効量の、本開示のCARを発現する免疫細胞を投与することを含む方法を提供する。一実施形態では、内科疾患又は障害は、免疫応答を誘発する免疫細胞集団の移植により処置される。本開示の特定の実施形態では、がん又は感染は、免疫応答を誘発する免疫細胞集団の移植により処置される。個体におけるがんの進行を処置するか又は遅延させるための方法であって、有効量の抗原特異的細胞療法を個体に施すことを含む方法が本明細書に提供される。本方法は、免疫異常、固形がん、血液がん及びウイルス感染の処置に適用され得る。
免疫細胞(例えば、T細胞又はNK細胞)及び薬学的に許容できる担体を含む医薬組成物及び製剤も本明細書に提供される。
特定の実施形態では、本実施形態の組成物及び方法は、少なくとも1つの追加的な治療法と組み合わせた免疫細胞集団を含む。追加的な治療法は、放射線療法、手術(例えば、乳腺腫瘍摘出術及び乳房切除術)、化学療法、遺伝子療法、DNA療法、ウイルス療法、RNA療法、免疫療法、骨髄移植、ナノ療法、モノクローナル抗体療法又は前述の組み合わせであり得る。追加的な治療法は、アジュバント又はネオアジュバント療法の形態であり得る。
A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B
B/A/A A/B/B/B B/A/B/B
B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B
A/B/B/A B/B/A/A
B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A
A/B/A/A A/A/B/A
では、CAR免疫細胞療法は、「A」であり、抗がん療法は、「B」である。
多様な化学療法剤が本実施形態に従って使用され得る。用語「化学療法」は、がんを処置するための薬剤の使用を指す。「化学療法剤」は、がんの処置において投与される化合物又は組成物を示唆するように用いられる。これらの作用剤又は薬剤は、例えば、それらが細胞周期に影響するか否か、また影響するのがいずれの段階であるかなど、細胞内でのそれらの活性モードにより分類される。あるいは、薬剤は、DNAに直接的に架橋するか、DNAにインターカレートするか、又は核酸合成に影響することにより、染色体及び有糸分裂異常を誘導するといったその能力に基づいて特徴付けられ得る。
DNA損傷を引き起こし、広範に用いられている他の要素は、一般にγ線、X線として知られるもの及び/又は放射性同位元素の腫瘍細胞への直接的送達を含む。DNA損傷要素の他の形態、例えばマイクロ波、陽子線照射及びUV照射も検討される。これらの要素のすべては、DNAに対する広範囲の損傷、DNAの前駆体、DNAの複製及び修復並びに染色体の構築及び維持に対して影響を及ぼす可能性が非常に高い。X線における線量は、長期間(3〜4週)にわたり50〜200レントゲンの一日量から2000〜6000レントゲンの単回用量まで及ぶ。放射性同位元素における用量範囲は、広範に変化し、同位体の半減期、放射される放射線の強度及びタイプ並びに新生物細胞による取り込みに依存する。
当業者は、追加的な免疫療法が実施形態の方法と組み合わせて又は併せて用いられ得ることを理解するであろう。がん処置との関連において、免疫療法は、一般に、がん細胞を標的にし、破壊するための免疫エフェクター細胞及び分子の使用に依存する。リツキシマブ(RITUXAN(登録商標))は、かかる例である。免疫エフェクターは、例えば、腫瘍細胞の表面上のいくつかのマーカーに特異的な抗体であり得る。抗体単独は、治療のエフェクターとして役立ち得るか、又はそれは、実際に細胞死に影響するように他の細胞を動員し得る。抗体は、薬剤又は毒素(化学療法剤、放射性核種、リシンA鎖、コレラ毒素、百日咳毒素など)にもコンジュゲートされ、標的剤として役立ち得る。あるいは、エフェクターは、直接的又は間接的に腫瘍細胞標的と相互作用する表面分子を運ぶリンパ球であり得る。様々なエフェクター細胞は、細胞傷害性T細胞及びNK細胞を含む。
がんを有する人の約60%は、予防的、診断的又はステージング、根治的及び姑息的手術を含むいくつかのタイプの手術を受けることになる。根治的手術は、がん組織の全部又は一部が物理的に除去、切除及び/又は破壊される摘出術を含み、他の治療法、例えば本実施形態の処置、化学療法、放射線療法、ホルモン療法、遺伝子療法、免疫療法及び/又は代替療法と併用され得る。腫瘍摘出術は、腫瘍の少なくとも一部の物理的除去を指す。腫瘍摘出術に加えて、手術による処置は、レーザー手術、凍結手術、電気手術及び顕微鏡制御手術(モース手術)を含む。
処置の治療効果を改善するため、他の薬剤が本実施形態の特定の態様と併用され得ると考えられる。これらの追加的な薬剤は、細胞表面受容体及びギャップ結合の上方制御に影響する薬剤、細胞分裂停止剤及び分化剤、細胞接着の阻害剤、高増殖性細胞のアポトーシス誘導因子に対する感受性を高める薬剤又は他の生物学的製剤を含む。ギャップ結合の数を増加させることによる細胞間シグナル伝達における増強は、隣接する高増殖性細胞集団に対する抗高増殖性効果を増強することになる。他の実施形態では、処置の抗高増殖性有効性を改善するため、細胞分裂停止剤又は分化剤が本実施形態の特定の態様と併用可能である。細胞接着の阻害剤は、本実施形態の有効性を改善すると考えられる。細胞接着阻害剤の例として、接着斑キナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤及びロバスタチンが挙げられる。さらに、処置有効性を改善するため、高増殖性細胞のアポトーシスに対する感受性を増強する他の薬剤、例えば抗体c225は、本実施形態の特定の態様と併用可能であると考えられる。
免疫細胞を含む製品又はキットも本明細書に提供される。製品又はキットは、個体におけるがんの進行を処置するか若しくは遅延させるか、又はがんを有する個体の免疫機能を増強するため、免疫細胞を使用するための使用説明書を含む添付文書をさらに含み得る。本明細書に記載の抗原特異的免疫細胞のいずれかは、製品又はキット中に含まれ得る。好適な容器として、例えば、ボトル、バイアル、バッグ及びシリンジが挙げられる。容器は、ガラス、プラスチック(ポリ塩化ビニル又はポリオレフィンなど)又は合金(ステンレス鋼又はハステロイなど)などの種々の材料から形成され得る。いくつかの実施形態では、容器は、製剤及びその上のラベルを保持するか、又はそれに関連して、容器は、使用説明書を示し得る。製品又はキットは、商業及びユーザの視点からから望ましい他の材料、例えば他の緩衝液、希釈剤、フィルター、ニードル、シリンジ及び使用説明書を伴う添付文書をさらに含み得る。いくつかの実施形態では、製品は、別の薬剤(例えば、化学療法剤及び抗新生物剤)の1つ以上をさらに含む。1つ以上の薬剤に適した容器は、例えば、ボトル、バイアル、バッグ及びシリンジを含む。
プロテインLは、CAR−T細胞の拡大培養を誘導する:エピソームベクターを使用して末梢血T細胞からリプログラムされたE11多能性幹細胞(TiPSC)を、FMC63モノクローナル抗体由来のヒトCD19結合scFvドメイン、CD28同時刺激及びCD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインからなる第2世代抗ヒトCD19キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)の構成的発現のために改変した。
参考文献
以下の参考文献は、例示的な手続き上の又は他の詳細を本明細書の記載内容に対して補足的に提示する程度まで、具体的に参照により本明細書に援用される。
Ausubel et al.,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Greene Publishing Associates and John Wiley&Sons,NY,1994
国際特許出願番号国際出願PCT/米国特許出願公開第2016/057893号明細書
Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 22nd edition,2012.
Sambrook et al.,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,3rd ed.,2001.
米国特許出願公開第12/715,136号明細書
米国特許第8,372,642号明細書
Zheng et al,J Transl Med,10:29,2012.
Claims (53)
- CAR改変免疫細胞を活性化及び/又は拡大培養するためのインビトロ方法であって、
(a)CAR改変免疫細胞の開始集団を得ることと、
(b)前記CAR改変免疫細胞の集団を、プロテインLの存在下において、活性化及び/又は拡大培養されたCAR改変免疫細胞の集団を生成するために十分な期間にわたって培養することと
を含むインビトロ方法。 - 前記プロテインLは、培養表面上にコーティングされている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記培養表面が、培養プレート、培養フラスコ、マイクロキャリア、微小粒子、ハイドロゲル粒子又は培養バッグである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記培養が、抗CD3抗体及び/又は抗原特異的標的細胞の不在下で実施される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変免疫細胞が、T細胞、NK細胞、樹状細胞及び/又はマクロファージである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、CD8+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、αβT細胞又はγδT細胞である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- CD8+T細胞について選択することをさらに含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変免疫細胞が、同種異系である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変免疫細胞が、自己である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変免疫細胞が、多能性幹細胞(PSC)に由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記PSCが、人工多能性幹細胞(iPSC)である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記iPSCが、血球からリプログラムされる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記iPSCが、T細胞からリプログラムされる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記iPSCが、エピソーム的にリプログラムされる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変免疫細胞が、初代末梢血単核球(PBMC)又は初代造血幹細胞に由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記iPSCが、サイトカイン誘導分化を通してCD34+前駆細胞まで分化される、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記iPSCが、フォワードプログラミングを通してCD34+前駆細胞まで分化される、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CARが、F(ab’)2、Fab’、Fab、Fv及びscFvからなる群から選択される抗原結合ドメインを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- CARが、CD28同時刺激及びCD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記培養表面が、レトロネクチン、フィブロネクチン又はVCAM1でさらにコーティングされている、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記レトロネクチンが、0.1〜1μg/cm2の濃度である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記レトロネクチンが、0.5μg/cm2の濃度である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記培養表面が、ノッチリガンドDLL4でさらにコーティングされている、請求項2又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記DLL4が、0.1〜1μg/cm2の濃度である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記DLL4が、0.5μg/cm2の濃度である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記培養が、IL−2及び/又はIL−15の存在下で実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12及び/又はIL−15が、5〜15ng/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12及び/又はIL−15が、10ng/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記培養が、低酸素条件下におけるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記低酸素条件が、5%の酸素を含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記十分な期間が、8〜12日である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記十分な期間が、8、9又は10日である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記培養が、SCF、TPO、FLT3L及び/又はIL−7を含む培地中におけるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SCF、TPO、FLT3L及び/又はIL−7が、50ng/mLの濃度である、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が、ニコチンアミドをさらに含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 非CAR改変免疫細胞と比べてCAR改変免疫細胞の選択的な拡大培養をもたらす、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変免疫細胞の拡大培養された集団の少なくとも40%又は50%が、CAR改変免疫細胞である、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変T細胞の拡大培養された集団が、少なくとも25%のCD3+CD8+CAR改変T細胞を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変T細胞の拡大培養された集団が、抗CD3で拡大培養されたCAR改変T細胞と比べて2〜3倍高い細胞傷害性活性を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR改変T細胞の拡大培養された集団が、抗CD3で拡大培養されたCAR改変T細胞と比べて増加したIFNγ及び/又はTNFαレベルを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って生成される、活性化及び/又は拡大培養されたCAR改変免疫細胞の集団。
- 請求項41に記載の活性化及び/又は拡大培養されたCAR改変免疫細胞の集団及び薬学的に許容できる担体を含む医薬組成物。
- 対象におけるがんを処置する方法であって、治療有効量の、請求項41に記載の活性化及び/又は拡大培養されたCAR改変免疫細胞を前記対象に投与することを含む方法。
- 前記活性化及び/又は拡大培養されたCAR改変免疫細胞が、同種異系である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記活性化及び/又は拡大培養されたCAR改変免疫細胞が、自己である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも第2の治療薬を投与することをさらに含む、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも第2の治療薬が、治療有効量の免疫調節剤又は免疫抑制剤である、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも第2の治療薬が、化学療法、放射線療法及び免疫療法からなる群から選択される、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記活性化及び/若しくは拡大培養されたCAR改変免疫細胞並びに/又は前記少なくとも第2の治療薬が、静脈内に、腹腔内に、気管内に、腫瘍内に、筋肉内に、内視鏡的に、病変内に、経皮的に、皮下に、局所に、直接注射によって又は灌流によって投与される、請求項46に記載の方法。
- がんの処置を、それを必要とする対象において行うための、請求項41又は42に記載の組成物の使用。
- CAR改変免疫細胞及びプロテインLを含む組成物。
- 前記プロテインLが、培養表面上にコーティングされている、請求項51に記載の組成物。
- レトロネクチンをさらに含む、請求項51に記載の組成物。
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US20220031744A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
AU2019345052A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
KR20210061397A (ko) | 2021-05-27 |
CA3110706A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 |
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