JP2022186550A - Optimum structure for electrostatic power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an electrostatic power generator that is manufactured based on a result of two-dimensional simulation and is driven by asymmetrical electrostatic power.SOLUTION: A charging electret that charges a mobile conductive charge carrier 11 with charges, a collecting electrode 10 that collects the charged charges carried by the charge carrier, a driving electret that is disposed between the charging electret and the collecting electrode, and two earth electrodes that form an acceleration electric field and a deceleration electric field between the earth electrodes and the driving electret on the upstream side and the downstream side of the driving electret are provided. By a difference between the acceleration electrostatic power and the deceleration electrostatic power that act on the charge carrier, the charge carrier is driven from the upstream side to the downstream side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 17

Description

The present invention relates to an optimum configuration of an electric field-driven electrostatic force application device (generator, motor, accelerator, etc.) using asymmetric electrostatic force as a driving force.

The reason why photovoltaic power generation is being used as a powerful means of solving global environmental problems is that the sun continues to emit energy to its surroundings, as shown in Figure 1. Electrons likewise continuously emit energy to their surroundings, which is explained by quantum electrodynamics.

At present, the emitted energy of the sun is effectively used, but the emitted energy of electrons is hardly used. Electrostatic generators that combine electronic energy and mechanical energy have been invented, but are rarely used. Like solar power generation, there is a demand for an electrostatic power generator that generates power only with the energy emitted by electrons.
(electrostatic generator)

Electrostatic power generation is usually performed by collecting charge at a low potential and placing it on a charge carrier, transporting it to a high potential and dropping it off.
At that time, an electrostatic force acts in the direction of pushing back the charge carrier heading toward the high potential area. In order to resist this electrostatic force and lift the charge carrier to a higher position, a stronger force is required, and in the Van de Graaff electrostatic generator this force is obtained by an electric motor.
However, at this time, the electrical energy consumed by the motor is greater than the electrical energy generated, so it is not a generator but a high potential generator.
(new electrostatic generator)

In response to this, the applicant devised a new type of electrostatic power generator that can continuously generate power only with the energy generated by electrons, as shown in FIG. The force that transports the charge carrier (also called driving force) is the so-called asymmetric electrostatic force.
Here, the asymmetric electrostatic force is the difference (absolute value) between the electrostatic forces acting on the charged aspherical conductor before and after the direction of the electric field is reversed, and is the force that drives the conductor in the direction of the electric field. Say. A non-spherical shape refers to a three-dimensional shape having an asymmetric vertical cross-section in the direction of travel, such as a horizontally placed box.
(asymmetric electrostatic force)

Conventionally, all electrostatic forces acting on charges (q) placed in an electric field are calculated using Coulomb's law (F = qE) shown in FIG.
In the figure, reference number 1 is a high voltage electrode, reference number 2 is a grounded first counter electrode, reference number 3 is a point charge, reference number 4 is a vector of electrostatic force acting on the point charge, reference number 5 is an electric field ( electric field lines), and reference number 6 indicates a grounded second counter electrode.
That is, on the left side of the center of FIG. 2, for example, when the electric field strength is 10 ⁶ V/m and the charge amount of the point charge is 10 ⁻⁷ C, the electrostatic force acting on the point charge is 0.100N.
On the other hand, as shown in the center right of FIG. 2, when the direction of the electric field is reversed, the direction of the electrostatic force acting on the point charge is also reversed, but its magnitude (absolute value) remains unchanged at 0.100N. Also, Coulomb's law can only be applied to a point charge or a spherical charged body that can be regarded as a point charge.
(Two-dimensional difference method)

Therefore, the electrostatic force acting on a charged non-spherical conductor placed in an electric field cannot be calculated using Coulomb's law, but can be calculated using the two-dimensional finite difference method.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the charged conductor indicated by reference number 7 is a horizontal gutter shape, and the amount of charge and the intensity of the electric field are the same as in FIG.
As a result, it was confirmed that the absolute value of the electrostatic force acting on the charged non-spherical conductor changed greatly from 0.083N to 0.038N when the electric field was reversed. That is, the existence of an asymmetric electrostatic force was confirmed. At that time, the electric field on the left side of the center of FIG. 3, where the electrostatic force acting on the conductor is relatively large, was defined as the "forward electric field", and the electric field on the right side, where the electrostatic force is relatively small, was defined as the "reverse electric field".
This phenomenon was confirmed experimentally (Non-Patent Document [3]) and theoretically proven (Non-Patent Document [4]).
(electric field driven electrostatic generator)

The applicant has proposed an electric field-driven electrostatic generator that uses such an asymmetric electrostatic force as a driving force. (Patent Documents [1], [2], [3], [4]) (Non-Patent Documents [1], [2])

In an electric field-driven electrostatic generator that uses an asymmetric electrostatic force as a driving force for a charge carrier, the charge carrier is charged by electrostatic induction at a potential of 0 V, and the charge carrier is first strongly charged in a forward electric field. After being sufficiently accelerated by electrostatic force, it is put into a reverse electric field.
In the reverse electric field, the electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier in the reverse direction is weak, and when the potential of the charge carrier returns from the positive potential to 0 V in the reverse electric field, the charge carrier has a surplus of kinetic energy remains.
As a result, the charge carrier can be raised to even higher potentials. The simulation result of the electrostatic force acting at this time in an actual device will be described later.

FIG. 4 is a front view of a basic unit of such an electric field driven electrostatic generator.
In the figure, reference number 8 is a charge injection electrode, reference number 9 is a high potential source for driving the charge carrier (electrode to which a high voltage is applied, a high potential electret, a high potential ferroelectric, and so on). Reference numeral 11 is the charge carrier, reference numeral 10 is the charge recovery electrode, reference numeral 12 is the recovery capacitor connected to the charge recovery electrode 10, reference numerals 13 and 15 are the two electrodes 8 and 10 and the capacitor. A pair of upper and lower insulating supports for supporting a potential source (an electret including a ferroelectric, the same shall apply hereinafter) is shown.
2 and 3, reference numerals 4 and 5 indicate the electrostatic force and the electric field (lines of electric force) applied to the charge carrier 11. FIG.

Here, the electret 9 has, for example, a surface charge density of 0.1 mC/m ² and its potential is, for example, +2000V. On the other hand, the potential of the charge injection electrode 8 is 0V, and the potential of the charge recovery electrode 10 is -200V, for example.
As a result, a forward electric field is formed between the charge injection electrode 8 and the electret 9 with respect to the charge carrier 11 which is negatively charged.
On the other hand, a reverse electric field is formed between the electret 9 and the recovery electric field 10 with respect to the same charge carrier 11 .

As described above, since the charge carrier 11 is laterally trough-shaped, it is laterally asymmetric with respect to the vertical line perpendicular to the direction of the electric field or the direction of movement of the charge carrier 11 at the center of the longitudinal cross-section. , thus having a front-to-back asymmetrical shape in the direction of movement.
The charge carrier 11 is made of a light conductor such as aluminum, and is held by an insulating charge carrier holder 14 (not shown). As a result, it is electrically floating.

The charge carrier 11 is driven by an asymmetrical electrostatic force 4, moves from left to right in FIG. It passes through the recovery electrodes 10 in sequence.
When the charge carrier 11 passes through the pair of upper and lower charge injection electrodes 8, a conductive terminal made of a material such as aluminum foil or conductive thread shown in FIGS. When 23 ′ (hereinafter referred to as an induced charge injection terminal) contacts the charge carrier 11 , for example, negative charges are injected into the charge carrier 11 by electrostatic induction.
Also, when the charge carrier 11 enters deeply into the pair of upper and lower charge recovery electrodes 10, as shown in FIG. terminal) 24 is brought into contact with the charge carrier 11 to recover the injected charge.

That is, in the forward electric field, the charge carrier 11 is accelerated by a strong electrostatic force. It reaches the charge collection electrode 10 with sufficient speed.
(rechargeable charging)

However, the amount of charge charged on the charge carrier 11 by electrostatic induction is not sufficient. ) 18 and the charge carrier 11 are brought into close proximity to temporarily form a capacitor between them, and when the charge carrier 11 is grounded, the charge flowing into the capacitor charges the charge carrier 11, i.e., charges the charge carrier 11. We proposed a new charging method (Non-Patent Document [5]). Hereinafter, this charging method is referred to as a rechargeable charging method.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a charge injection portion in an electric field-driven electrostatic generator that injects charges into a charge carrier by such a rechargeable charging method.
In the figure, reference number 18 is a charging field forming electrode to which a low voltage is applied, reference number 9 is a drive electrode to which a high voltage is applied, reference number 11 is a charge carrier, and reference number 23' is a grounded charging terminal. is shown.
A low voltage is applied to the charging electric field forming electrode 18 itself, and an accelerating electric field is formed together with the driving electrode 9 to which a high voltage is applied.
That is, a forward electric field is formed between the charging electric field forming electrode 18 and the driving electrode 9, and an acceleration electric field is formed for accelerating the charge carrier 11 by an asymmetrical electrostatic force acting in that direction.
The charging field forming electrode 18 also forms a dedicated electric field with the grounded charge carrier 11 passing therethrough, charging the charge carrier 11 with charge.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the pair of upper and lower charging electric field forming electrodes 18 and the upper and lower horizontal plates 112 of the charge carrier 11 form a pair of upper and lower capacitors with an air layer interposed therebetween. . Therefore, when the charge carrier 11 is grounded through the fixed charging terminal 23 , charges are injected into the upper and lower horizontal plates 112 .
(rechargeable bench model)

FIG. 6 shows a schematic longitudinal section of an electric field-driven electrostatic generator using the rechargeable charging method, and FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross section thereof. 4 and 5 designate the same members as in FIGS. 4 and 5. As shown in FIG.
Reference number 18 is an injection electret, reference number 9 is a driving high-voltage electret, reference number 10 is a recovery electrode, reference number 14 is a charge carrier holding disk, reference number 16 is a stainless steel rotating shaft (for example, a column), Reference number 23 is an injection terminal and reference number 24 is a withdrawal terminal. Reference number 17 is a bearing fixed to the center of the charge carrier holding disk 14 and rotating around a fixed axis of rotation 16 .

The injection electret 18, the drive high-voltage electret 9, the recovery electrode 10, and the charge carrier 11 are formed vertically (up and down on the plane of the paper) and fixed, as shown in FIGS. The injection electret 18, the driving high-voltage electret 9, and the recovery electrode 10 each have a pair of vertical plate portions in each radial direction, through which the charge carrier 11 passes through while sequentially rotating around the axis. It is configured. That is, there are two injection electrets 18, two driving high-voltage electrets 9, and two recovery electrodes 10, and a total of six electrodes are arranged at intervals of 60 degrees, as shown in FIG.
There are also six charge carriers 11, which are suspended from charge carrier holding discs 14 at intervals of 60 degrees.

In such a configuration, the charge carrier 11 first charges on the injection electret 18 , passes through the drive high voltage electret 9 and into the collection electrode 10 where it releases most of its charge. The charge carrier 11 exits the recovery electrode 10, rotates further, enters the next injection electret 18, and repeats charging and discharging. Therefore, electric field-driven power generation is performed by asymmetric electrostatic force.

As shown in FIG. 5, the capacitor of the recovery electrode 10 is connected to an external capacitor 12, and its surface potential is measured with a surface potential meter (Surface potential meter manufactured by Shishido Electrostatic Co., Ltd.: FLATIRON-DZ 3). be able to.
FIG. 8 shows changes in the surface potential of the recovery capacitor measured by the prototype.
In other words, the potential rises with time, that is, each time the charged charge carrier 11 passes the recovery electrode 10, indicating that power is being generated.

Here, a two-dimensional finite difference method was used to simulate the electrostatic force acting on the charged charge carrier when the charged charge carrier moves from the charge injection position to the charge recovery position. The results are shown in FIG.
In other words, during this period, the energy received by the charge carrier in the forward electric field is 16.81 μJ, and the energy lost in the reverse electric field is 6.27 μJ, the difference being 10.54 μJ. Therefore, in theory, the charge carrier disk should always rotate continuously and continue to generate electricity.

However, in the prototype, the rotation of the charge carrier disk 14 stopped in less than one minute and did not reach continuous rotation in many cases, resulting in insufficient reproducibility.

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-232667 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent No. 6136050 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent No. 6286767 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-029425

[Non-Patent Document 1] [Asymmetric Electrostatic Forces and a New Electrostatic Generator], Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2010
[Non-Patent Document 2] 2017 American Institute of Electrostatics Annual Meeting Proceedings A-3
[Non-Patent Document 3] [Asymmetric Electrostatic Force], K. Sakai, Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 2014, 6
[Non-Patent Document 4] [Theory of Asymmetric Electrostatic Force], K. Sakai, Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 2017, 9
[Non-Patent Document 5] 2019 American Institute of Electrostatics Annual Meeting Proceedings A-4

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to enable stable rotation of a charge carrier for a long period of time in an electric field-driven electrostatic generator.

The object of the present invention is to optimize the configuration of the electric field-driven electrostatic generator, that is, the width of each of the charging potential source, the driving high voltage potential source, and the recovery electrode, the spacing between them, and the potential thereof. Achieved.

By specifying the charging potential source, the driving high voltage potential source, the width of the collection electrode, the interval between them, and their potentials, the rotation reproducibility of the charge carrier disk is approximately 100%. rice field.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the energy release of the sun and electrons. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram explaining Coulomb's law. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an asymmetric electrostatic force using a laterally-oriented gutter-shaped conductor. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a basic unit of an electric field-driven electrostatic generator. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the charge injection part in the electric field-driven electrostatic generator of the present invention, in which charge is injected by charging method. FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a prototype electric field-driven electrostatic generator. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prototype electric field-driven electrostatic generator. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of an experiment in which the surface potential of the recovery electrode capacitor increases as the disc serving as the charge carrier rotates. FIG. 9 is a graph showing results obtained by simulation of the position of the charge carrier and the acting electrostatic force. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for measuring the continuous rotation time of a disk as a charge carrier. FIG. 11 is a graph showing experimental results of measuring the continuous rotation time of the disk, which is the charge carrier, while changing the charging voltage. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of measuring recovery potentials using negatively and positively charged charged electrets and varying drive voltages. FIG. 13 is a graph showing experimental results of measuring sustained rotation time when the distance between the drive electrode and the ground electrode is changed. FIG. 14 is a graph showing the experimental results of measuring the sustained rotation time when the distance between the drive electrode and the upstream ground electrode is varied. FIG. 15 is a graph showing experimental results obtained by measuring the continuous rotation time of the charge carrier disk while changing the driving voltage for each width of the driving electrode. FIG. 16 is a graph showing results obtained by simulation using a two-dimensional finite difference method for each electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier while changing the width of the drive electret. FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric field-driven electrostatic generator in which the position, shape, and potential of each component are optimized. FIG. 18 is a graph showing the time variation of the collection potential with rotation of the charge carrier disk obtained in the optimized electric field-driven electrostatic generator.

The applicant has set the objective of achieving 100% reproducibility of experiments in an electrostatic generator in which the charge carrier is driven by the electrostatic force acting on the electric charge, by using a charging potential source and a high voltage driving voltage source for the electric field-driven electrostatic generator. This was accomplished by specifying the width of each of the potential sources, the collection electrodes, the spacing between them, and their potentials.

In an electrostatic generator that drives the charge carrier 11 with an electrostatic force acting on charges,
According to the results of a simulation using the two-dimensional finite difference method, the forward electrostatic force that accelerates the charge carrier 11 is more than twice the reverse electrostatic force that decelerates it. The barrel disc 14 should always be able to rotate continuously. Nevertheless, the low probability of continuous rotation may be due to the difference between the electrostatic force indicated by the two-dimensional finite difference method simulation and the actual electrostatic force.
For example, in the above simulation, the charge electrode 18, the drive electrode 9, and the recovery electrode 10 are arranged in a straight line, but in the electric field-driven electrostatic generator, which is an actual device, these three electrodes are arranged on a circle. .
Therefore, the electrostatic force applied to the charge carrier disk 14 is actually measured in the following experiments.

Measurement of the minute torque for driving the charge carrier disc 14 is substituted by measurement of the rotation duration of the charge carrier disc 14 .
First, the free rotation time is measured after the charge carrier disk 14 is forcibly rotated by an air flow for 10 seconds. If the rotation continues for a longer time than the duration in the no electric field, an accelerating electrostatic force is applied to the charge carrier disk 14. Conversely, if the duration of rotation becomes shorter, a decelerating electrostatic force is applied. You are participating. If the accelerating electrostatic force is strong enough, the charge carrier disk 14 will continue to rotate indefinitely without stopping.

A cross section of an apparatus for measuring the continuous rotation time of the charge carrier disk 14 is shown in FIG.
so as to sandwich the charge carrier 11 suspended from the charge carrier disk 14 and rotating.
A pair of charging electrodes 18 facing each other and a pair of recovery electrodes 10 facing each other are erected upstream thereof, and a pair of driving electrodes 9 facing each other are erected at a position rotated by about 180 degrees from the recovery electrodes 10. be done.
A pair of first ground electrodes 20 opposed to each other are newly erected upstream of the drive electrode 9 , and a pair of second ground electrodes 21 opposed to each other are newly erected downstream of the drive electrode 9 .
In this arrangement, the electrostatic acceleration force between the ground electrode 20 and the driving electrode 9 is applied to the charge carrier 11 charged when it passes the charging electrode 18 because of the forward direction between the driving electrode 9 and the ground electrode 21. , the electrostatic deceleration force acts because of the opposite direction.

Here, the distance d1 between the first ground electrode 20 and the drive electrode 9 on the radially inner side is 15 mm, the width w1 of the inner drive electrode 9 is 10 mm, and the radially inner side on the drive electrode 9 and the ground electrode 21 is 10 mm. The standard distance d2 between electrodes is 15 mm. The width (w2) of the inner charge electrode 8 is 10 mm, and the width (w3) of the inner recovery electrode is 15 mm.

In such a configuration, first, the voltage of the drive electrode is set to 0 V, that is, the electric field in the section where the charged charge carrier 11 exits the charge electrode 18 and reaches the recovery electrode 10 is made zero, and the charge carrier 11 was prevented from being subjected to an electrostatic force. Then, the continuous rotation time of the charge carrier disk 14 was measured while changing the charging voltage.
The amount of charge on the charge carrier 11 is directly proportional to the charging voltage, but since there is no electric field on the path, there is no electrostatic force acting on it. should be.

Fig. 11 shows the average continuous rotation time when the charging electrode width is 15 mm and 5 mm and the charging voltage is changed.
As shown in the figure, the charging voltage from 0 kV to -2.0 kV is almost constant and takes around 19 seconds. However, it became shorter from -2.5kV and decreased to 10 seconds at -3.0kV.

On the other hand, the simulation shown in FIG. 9 is performed at a charging voltage of -3.0 kV, but the electrostatic force acting within the charging electrode is positive and accelerating electrostatic force.
At this time, although a strong electrostatic attractive force acts on the charged charge carrier 11 in the vertical direction, it does not actually act on the charge carrier 11 because it cancels out in the opposite direction.

However, when the charge carrier 11 is moved by an airflow, this vertical electrostatic attraction momentarily becomes slightly oblique due to the influence of the airflow, and its horizontal component shifts to the charge carrier. It seems to try to pull back 11.
Therefore, the greater the amount of charge, the greater the amount of power generated. However, in a device of the above size, in order to reduce the decelerating electrostatic force and achieve continuous rotation, the charging voltage should be kept below -2 kV.

If the charging voltage is 2 kV or less, triboelectrification can be used without using a high-voltage power supply as the charging electrode.
Therefore, the Teflon (registered trademark) film was rubbed with a nylon cloth to triboelectrically charge the Teflon (registered trademark) film to -0.95 kV. After that, the Teflon (registered trademark) film was adhered to the charging electrode to form the charging electret 18, the driving voltage was changed from 0 kV to -4.5 kV, and air flow was applied for 10 seconds, whereby the charge carrier disk 14 was The recovery potential (surface potential of the capacitor 12 connected to the recovery electrode 10) during rotation was measured.
Here, since the recovery potential is determined by the amount of charge carried by the charge carrier 11 and the rotational speed of the charge carrier disk 14, it should be constant regardless of the driving voltage. Further, during forced airflow rotation, the rotation speed of the charge carrier disk 14 is substantially constant regardless of the driving voltage.

This result is shown in FIG. 12 with the ▴ symbol.
As shown in the figure, since the potential of the electret, which is the charging electrode, is -0.95 kV, a positive charge was injected into the charge carrier 11, and the recovered potential was +0.30 kV.
However, as the drive voltage increased, the recovery potential gradually decreased and eventually became negative, reaching -1.0 kV at a drive voltage of -4.5 kV.
It is considered that this is because when the positively charged charge carrier 11 passes through the drive electrode 9 with a negative voltage, corona discharge occurs between the two and the charge carrier 11 is negatively charged.
Therefore, the distance between the charge carrier 11 and the drive electrode 9 during passage was set to 7.5 mm in advance, which was sufficiently wide. As it approached, an electric discharge occurred.

In this way, a discharge occurs between the positively charged charge carrier 11 and the drive electrode 9 with a negative potential. seems to be difficult.
Therefore, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet was rubbed with a Teflon (registered trademark) film, triboelectrically charged to +1.9 kV, and adhered to a charging electrode to form a charging electret 18 .

In FIG. 12, symbol ⋄ indicates the result of measuring the recovery potential while changing the driving voltage under such a configuration. As shown in the figure, the recovery potential is almost constant around -0.8 kV with a drive voltage of 0 to -4 kV, but then increases rapidly and exceeds -2 kV with a drive voltage of -5 kV. This result shows that even if the charge polarity of the charge carrier 11 and the potential polarity of the drive electrode 9 are negative, if the potential difference between them becomes large, discharge still occurs.

, discharge occurred at a drive voltage of 3 kV between them with different polarities, but no discharge occurred up to a drive voltage of 4.5 kV between them with the same polarity, and the non-discharge range expanded by 1.5 kV. Therefore, a higher potential can be recovered.
That is, as will be described later, in the improved apparatus of this embodiment, the charge carrier disk 14 can be continuously rotated at a drive voltage of 4.0 kV, but cannot be rotated at all at a drive voltage of 2.5 kV. Therefore, the charge polarity and drive polarity should be different from each other.

Next, the PET sheet was rubbed with a Teflon (registered trademark) film, electrified to +1.85 kV, and attached to a charging electrode to form a charging electret 18 . As a result, charge carrier 11 is negatively charged.
A voltage of -6.0 kV was applied to the drive electrode 9 . Although the voltage was high, by adjusting the position of the outer drive electrode in a predetermined direction, the discharge disappeared. Specifically, as a result of moving the outer drive electrode to the outside by about 1 mm, the distance between the charge carrier and the outer drive electrode increased from 7.5 mm to 8.5 mm, and the distance between the charge carrier and the inner electrode increased from 7.5 mm to 6.5 mm. shrunk to mm. As a result, the lower end of the charge carrier spread outward by centrifugal force, preventing the occurrence of discharge due to approaching.
In this state, a decelerating electric field is formed between the first ground electrode 20 on the upstream side and the drive electrode 9 to push back the negatively charged charge carrier 11. In between, an accelerating electric field is formed which pushes the negatively charged charge carrier 11 .
Therefore, the distance between each inner electrode between the first ground electrode 20 and the driving electrode 9 is kept at 15 mm, and the distance between each inner electrode between the driving electrode 9 and the second ground electrode 21 is changed, and each is air flow. FIG. 13 shows the sustained rotation time when the charge carrier 11 is rotated.

As shown, it is clear that the shorter the distance between the inner electrodes, ie, the stronger the accelerating electric field, the longer the continuous rotation time.

Next, when the potential of the charged electret 18 is +1.25 kV, the distance between each inner electrode between the drive electrode 9 and the downstream second ground electrode 21 remains 15 mm, while the upstream first ground electrode FIG. 14 shows the continuous rotation time when the charge carrier 11 is rotated by the airflow while changing the distance between the inner electrodes 20 and the driving electrode 9 .

As shown in the figure, it is clear that the longer the distance, that is, the weaker the deceleration electric field, the longer the continuous rotation time. Since the first ground electrode 20 was removed from the apparatus, the electrode interval is tentatively displayed as 30 mm.
As described above, the stronger the accelerating electric field and the weaker the decelerating electric field, the greater the electrostatic energy received by the charge carrier disk 14 and the longer the continuous rotation time.
Therefore, it is preferable to shorten the inter-electrode distance that forms the accelerating electric field as much as possible, and to make the inter-electrode distance that forms the decelerating electric field as long as possible.

Next, when the width of the driving electrode 9 is 5 mm, 10 mm or 20 mm, the driving voltage of the driving electrode 9 is changed and the charge carrier 11 is rotated by the air flow. Rotation time was measured. The results are shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, when the width of the drive electrode 9 is 10 mm and 20 mm, the continuous rotation time of the charge carrier 11 becomes considerably shorter as the drive voltage increases. I know it doesn't change.
However, when the drive electrodes 9 consist of electret electrodes to which a voltage is applied, the same result is not always obtained. In other words, in the case of the electret electrode, if the width is narrow, the electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier is considered to be weak even if the potential is the same.

Therefore, a charge carrier 11 charged to 2 nC is placed between the drive electret 9 charged to 0.1 mC/m2 and the ground electrode, the width of the drive electret 9 is changed, and the electrostatic driving force acting on it is measured two-dimensionally. It was obtained by simulation using the finite difference method. The results are shown in FIG.

As shown, contrary to the electrode shown in FIG. 15, the narrower the width, the weaker the driving electrostatic force. Therefore, although the results of the two-dimensional simulation are not completely the same as the results of the three-dimensional actual device, the width of the drive electret 9 is 1.0 to 1.5 times the width of the charge carrier 11, i.e., from the above measurement and simulation results. 10 to 15 mm is suitable.

In FIG. 15, the continuous rotation time of the charge carrier 11 is longer when the drive electrode width is 10 mm than when the drive electrode width is 5 mm or 20 mm. This is because the ball bearing 17 constituting the bearing of the charge carrier disk 14 has been cleaned. Therefore, the width of the drive electrode 9 should be optimized and the ball bearing 17 should be brought into a smooth rotating state such as cleaning.

Considering the results of Examples 1 to 4, the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 was improved as shown in FIG. However, since a narrow high-potential electret does not currently exist, an electrode to which a voltage is applied was used as a driving potential source. That is, by using a PET sheet triboelectrically charged with a nylon cloth to +1 to 2 kV as the charging electret 18 and applying a negative voltage to the driving electrode 9, the charged charge of the charge carrier 11 and the voltage of the driving electrode 9 polarities are aligned negatively.
The first ground electrode 20 was then removed from the device to minimize the strength of the decelerating electric field. The width of the drive electrode 9 was set to 5 mm in order to reduce the deceleration force acting on the charge carrier 11 when the drive electrode 9 passes.
Also, in order to strengthen the accelerating electric field formed by the drive electrode 9 and the second ground electrode 21 on the downstream side, the distance between the two inner electrodes was reduced from 10 mm to 7 mm.

In this state, a voltage of -5.0 kV was applied to the drive electrode 9, and when the charge carrier disk 14 was blown with an air spray, it started to rotate, gradually increased in speed, reached a steady rotation at around 100 rpm, and continued to rotate. , the surface potential of the capacitor 12 of the collection electrode 10 became -0.76 kV after 60 seconds.

Therefore, when the capacitor was grounded to erase its charge to 0 kV, it became -0.36 kV after 20 seconds. A similar operation is repeated each time the terminal is grounded, and FIG. 18 shows the potential change over time.

It is preferable to replace the drive electrode 9 with a drive electret, in which case the potential of the electret is preferably lower than -5.0 kV.
Therefore, the number of sets of the charging electrode 9 and the ground electrode 21 forming the accelerating electric field was two.
As a result, the minimum drive voltage required for continuous rotation of the charge carrier disk 14 could be lowered to -3.5 kV.

In each of the embodiments described above, power is generated by using the asymmetric electrostatic force acting on the horizontal gutter-type charge carrier as the driving force, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
For example, the shape of the charge carrier is not limited to a horizontal gutter shape, and a shape symmetrical in the direction of travel, for example, a column-shaped charge carrier may be employed.
In that case, the acceleration electric field is made stronger and the deceleration electric field is made weaker, and the charge carrier is driven by utilizing the difference between the acceleration electrostatic force and the deceleration electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier. As a result, the charge carrier disk 14 integral with the charge carrier continuously rotates and generates electricity, as in the above embodiment.

As described above, according to the apparatus of each embodiment, although the necessary drive voltage fluctuated somewhat due to contamination of the bearings, etc., the charge carrier disk 14 continued to rotate and generate power. That is, the reproducibility of the rotation of the charge carrier disk 14 is approximately 100%.

Although the electrostatic generator has been described above, the same effect can be obtained with an electrostatic motor that does not have a recovery electrode or an electrostatic accelerator that ejects a sufficiently accelerated charge carrier to the outside of the device. .

1: Drive electrode 2: First counter electrode 3: Point charge 4: Arrow indicating vector of electrostatic force acting on point charge 5: Arrow indicating direction of electric field 6: Second counter electrode 7: Asymmetric front and back in direction of electric field conductor 8 having a similar shape (trough shape): charge injection electrode 9: high potential source (electrode or electret)
10: charge recovery electrode 11: charge carrier having a front-rear asymmetric shape in the direction of the electric field 111: front vertical plate of the asymmetric charge carrier 112: rear upper and lower horizontal plates of the asymmetric charge carrier 12: connected to the charge recovery electrode Capacitor 13: Insulating support supporting charge injection electrode, drive electrode and charge recovery electrode 14: Charge carrier holding disk 15 holding radially arranged charge carriers: Charge injection electrode, drive electrode and charge Insulating support 16 supporting the collection electrode: central (rotating) axis of the charge carrier holding disc 17: bearing 18: charged field-forming potential source for charge injection (electrode or electret)
19: Power supply for charge field forming electrodes 20: Ground electrode placed upstream of drive electrode 21: Ground electrode placed downstream of drive electrode 23': Inductive charge injection terminal 23: Charge charge injection terminal 24: Charge recovery terminal

Claims (7)

a charging electret that charges a moving conductive charge carrier, a recovery electrode that recovers the charged charge carried by the charge carrier, and a drive electret disposed between the charging electret and the recovery electrode; Two ground electrodes are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the driving electret to form an accelerating electric field and a decelerating electric field respectively with the driving electret, and the difference between the accelerating electrostatic force and the decelerating electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier. and an electrostatic application device that drives the charge carrier from the upstream side to the downstream side. 2. The electrostatic application device according to claim 1, wherein the electric potential of said charging electret is within a range that does not decelerate the charge carrier moving in said accelerating electric field. 2. The electrostatic application device according to claim 1, wherein the polarity of the charge potential of the charge carrier and the polarity of the drive electret are the same. 2. The electrostatic application apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the drive electret that forms a deceleration electric field and the ground electrode on the downstream side is wider than the distance between the drive electret that forms an acceleration electric field and the ground electrode on the upstream side. . 5. The electrostatic appliance according to claim 4, wherein said ground electrode for forming a decelerating electric field between said drive electret and said recovery electrode is omitted. 2. The apparatus for electrostatic application according to claim 1, wherein the distance between said drive electret that forms an accelerating electric field and said ground electrode on the upstream side is within a range in which no discharge occurs between them. 2. The electrostatic application device according to claim 1, wherein the width of said driving electret is wider than the width of said charge carrier and narrower than 1.5 times the width of said charge carrier.

Images