JP2020065353A - Electric-field driven static-electricity applied equipment for charging electric charge carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

To solve the problem of a conventional electric-field driven electrostatic generator that injects electric charge into an electric charge carrier having a front and back asymmetric shape in an electric field direction by electrostatic induction, and carries the injected electric charge to a high potential by a front and back asymmetric electrostatic force acted upon the electric charge carrier, in which: quantity of electric charge being carried is small and the output is small.SOLUTION: In an electric-field driven electrostatic generator, an electric charge carrier being a conductor is approached to a charging electric-field-formation electrode having a specified potential in an electric field, to temporarily form a capacitor between the two, and the electric charge carrier is grounded. The electric charge carrier is charged with the electric charge that flows into the electric charge carrier at that time.EFFECT: The quantity of electric charge being carried and the output of the generator substantially increase.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of charging a charge carrier of an electric field drive type electrostatic power generation application device that uses a front-back asymmetric electrostatic force as a driving force.

As is widely known, a generator has a turbine structure that rotates a coil placed in a magnetic field. That is, by rotating, the number of magnetic force lines that penetrate the coil changes, and an electromotive force is generated.
As the mechanical force for rotating the coil, hydraulic power (waterfall) has been used since the latter half of the 19th century, but in recent years, high pressure steam is generated and used by coal, oil, liquefied gas, and nuclear power. These recent power generation methods generate carbon dioxide, accelerate global warming, and pose a risk to the human body. Therefore, in recent years, they are being switched to wind power generation or solar power generation.
However, these power generation methods using natural energy are unstable depending on the natural environment.
Therefore, a stable power generation method that does not generate carbon dioxide, has no risk of accidents, and is strongly desired.

On the other hand, conventionally, electrostatic forces acting on charges (q) placed in an electric field have all been calculated using Coulomb's law (F = qE) shown in FIG.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a high voltage electrode, reference numeral 2 is a grounded first counter electrode, reference numeral 3 is a point charge, reference numeral 4 is a vector of electrostatic force acting on the point charge, and reference numeral 5 is an electric field ( The lines of electric force) and reference numeral 6 indicate the second counter electrode which is grounded.
That is, in the center left side of FIG. 1, for example, when the electric field strength is 10 ⁶ V / m and the point charge amount is 10 ⁻⁷ C, the electrostatic force acting on the point charge is 0.100N. On the other hand, when the direction of the electric field is reversed, as in the right side of the center of FIG. 1, the direction of the electrostatic force acting on the point charge is also reversed, but the magnitude (absolute value) is 0.100N, which is unchanged. Also, Coulomb's law can be applied only to a point charge or a spherical charged body that can be regarded as a point charge.

On the other hand, the applicant cannot calculate the electrostatic force acting on a non-spherical charged conductor placed in an electric field by Coulomb's law, so that the two-dimensional difference (described in detail later) The method was used to find the electrostatic force acting on the conductor before and after the direction of the electric field was reversed.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the charged conductor indicated by reference numeral 7 was a lateral gutter shape, and the amount of charge and the strength of the electric field were the same as in FIG.
As a result, when the electric field was reversed, the absolute value of the electrostatic force acting on the non-spherical charged conductor changed greatly from 0.083N to 0.038N. In other words, I discovered the existence of an asymmetric electrostatic force. At that time, the electric field in the left part in the center of FIG. 2 where the electrostatic force acting on the conductor becomes relatively large is defined as “forward electric field”, and the electric field in the right part where the electrostatic force becomes smaller is defined as “reverse electric field”. This new phenomenon has been confirmed not only in the above simulation but also in experiments (Non-patent document [4]).

Therefore, the applicant proposed an electric field drive type electrostatic generator using a so-called front-back asymmetric electrostatic force as a driving force as a new power generation method that can meet the above-mentioned demand. (Patent Documents [1], [2], [3], [4]) (Non-Patent Documents [1], [2])

Hereinafter, as a premise of the present invention, the principle of generation of the front-back asymmetric electrostatic force will be specifically described.
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 7 is a lateral gutter-shaped conductor, that is, an asymmetrical conductor, and black circles are electrons injected into the conductor 7. Reference numeral 5 indicates an electric field and its direction. Reference numeral 71 is a front vertical plate in the conductor. Reference numeral 72 is the rear upper and lower horizontal plates 7 of the conductor.
In the figure, the conductor 7 on the left side is located in the electric field directed to the left, while the conductor 7 on the right side is located in the electric field directed to the right. The arrow with reference numeral 4 indicates the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force acting on these asymmetrical conductors 7.
On the left side of the center of the figure, the electrons in the conductor 7 are attracted to the electric field 5 and move to the right, and most of them gather on the surface of the front vertical plate 71 of the conductor 7.
On the other hand, when the direction of the electric field 5 is reversed, the electrons are attracted by the electric field 5 and move to the left, and reach the rear upper and lower horizontal plates 72 of the conductor 7, and the left end faces of the rear upper and lower horizontal plates 72 are very small. Since it is narrow, most electrons stay on the surface of the upper and lower horizontal plates.
Here, in the case of a conductor, the lines of electric force emitted from these electrons toward the holes and, conversely, the lines of electric force entering from the holes to the electrons are perpendicular to the surface of the conductor. As a result, the direction of the electrostatic force acting on the electron is also perpendicular to the surface of the conductor. That is, on the left side in the center of the figure, a large electrostatic force acts on the conductor 7 in the right direction, but on the right side in the center of the figure, an electrostatic force of the same magnitude acts on the conductor 7 in the upward and downward directions to cancel each other. However, there is no electrostatic force acting in the horizontal direction.
That is, when the direction of the electric field 5 is reversed as shown in the figure, the horizontal electrostatic force 4 acting on the gutter-shaped conductor 7 theoretically becomes 100% to 0%. That is, an asymmetric electrostatic force is generated in the gutter-shaped conductor 7.
However, in reality, since the typical charge distribution shown in FIG. 3 is not obtained, when the direction of the electric field is reversed, an electrostatic force acts on the conductor 7 in the left direction. However, even in that case, it is weaker than the electrostatic force in the right direction before the electric field is reversed, and is about half that.

Therefore, in an electric field drive type electrostatic generator in which the front-back asymmetric electrostatic force is used as the driving force of the charge carrier, the charge carrier is charged by electrostatic induction at a potential of 0 V, and the charge carrier is first transferred in order. After sufficiently accelerating with a strong electrostatic force in the electric field, it is put into a reverse electric field. In the reverse electric field, the electrostatic force (in the traveling reverse direction) acting on the charge carrier is weak, and when the potential of the charge carrier returns from the positive potential to 0 V in the reverse electric field, the charge carrier Surplus kinetic energy remains. As a result, the charge carrier can reach higher potentials.

FIG. 4 is a front view of a basic unit of such an electric field drive type electrostatic generator.
In the figure, reference numeral 8 is a charge injection electrode, reference numeral 9 is a high-voltage electrode (for example, an electret, or a combination of a ferroelectric and an electrode and a high-voltage electrode when a higher potential is required), and a reference numeral 11 Is a charge carrier, reference numeral 10 is a charge recovery electrode, reference numeral 12 is a recovery part capacitor connected to the charge recovery electrode 10, and reference numerals 13 and 15 are the electrodes 8 and 10 and the electret 9. The insulating support (one pair of upper and lower) is shown.
Note that reference numerals 4 and 5 indicate the electrostatic force and electric field (electric force lines) applied to the charge carrier 11 as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Here, the electret 9 has a surface charge density of, for example, 0.1 mC / m ² , and its potential is, for example, + 2000V. On the other hand, the potential of the charge injection electrode 8 is 0V, and the potential of the charge recovery electrode 10 is -200V, for example.
As a result, a forward electric field is formed between the charge injection electrode 8 and the electret 9 with respect to the charge carrier 11 that is negatively charged. On the other hand, a reverse electric field is formed between the electret 9 and the recovery electric field 10 with respect to the same charge carrier 11.

As described above, since the charge carrier 11 is a horizontally oriented gutter type, the charge carrier 11 has a left-right asymmetrical shape with respect to a vertical line at the center in the horizontal direction of the vertical section, which is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field or the moving direction of the charge carrier 11. Therefore, it has a front-back asymmetric shape in the moving direction.
The charge carrier 11 is made of a light conductor, for example, aluminum, and is held by an insulating charge carrier holder 14 (not shown). As a result, it is electrically floated. The charge carrier 11 is driven by the electrostatic force 4 which is asymmetrical in the front-rear direction, moves from left to right in FIG. 4, and sequentially passes through the charge injection electrode 8, the electret 9, and the charge recovery electrode 10.
When the charge carrier 11 passes through the pair of upper and lower charge injection electrodes 8, that is, a conductive terminal (hereinafter, referred to as a charge) provided on the charge injection electrode 8 and made of a material such as aluminum foil or conductive thread shown in FIG. When the injection electrostatic induction terminal 23 ′ contacts the charge carrier 11, electrostatic charge induces, for example, a negative charge into the charge carrier 11.
In addition, when the charge carrier 11 is deeply inserted into the (upper and lower pair) charge collecting electrodes 10, conductive terminals for collecting carrier charges shown in FIGS. , Which is referred to as a charge recovery terminal) 24 contacts the charge carrier 11, and the injected charge of the charge carrier 11 is recovered.

That is, in a forward electric field, even if the charge carrier 11 is accelerated by a strong electrostatic force and the charge carrier 11 enters a reverse electric field and decelerates, the reverse electrostatic force received by the charge carrier 11 is weak. It reaches the charge recovery electrode 10 with sufficient speed.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing only the charge injection portion for injecting charges into the charge carrier 11 by electrostatic induction in the electric field drive type electrostatic generator shown in FIG.
In the figure, reference numeral 8 is a grounded charge injection electrode, reference numeral 9 is a high voltage electrode to which a high voltage is applied, reference numeral 11 is a charge carrier, and reference numeral 23 'is a charge injection electrostatic induction terminal. There is.
The width of the charge injection electrode 8 is 9.6 mm, the width of the high voltage electrode 9 is 9.6 mm, the interval between them is 32.0 mm, the length of the charge carrier 11 is 5.2 mm, the width thereof is 5.1 mm, and the depth thereof is 50.0 mm. . The potential of the injection electrode is 0V and the potential of the high voltage electrode is + 7kV.
Here, when the injected charge amount in the electric field driven electrostatic generator was simulated by the two-dimensional difference method which will be described later in detail, it was -0.66 [nC].
When the charge carrier 11 comes between the charge injection electrode 8 and the high voltage electrode 9, the electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier 11 is 0.14 [mN] in the + X direction (traveling direction). . Hereinafter, this electrostatic force is referred to as a forward electric field electrostatic force.
The forward electric field electrostatic force is slightly changed depending on the position of the charge carrier 11, but is represented by a value in the middle between the charge injection electrode 8 and the high voltage electrode 9.

However, in the conventional electric field drive type electrostatic generator shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the amount of charge that can be carried at one time is not sufficient, and the obtained potential is not high, so it is not easy to increase the output.

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-232667 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent No. 6136050 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent No. 6286767 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-029425

[Non-Patent Document 1] [Asymmetric Electrostatic Forces and a New Electrostatic Generator], Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2010
[Non-Patent Document 2] Proceedings of 2017 Annual Meeting of the Electrostatic Society of America A-3
[Non-Patent Document 3] “Basics of Physics 3 Electromagnetics”, co-authored by Haridi, Lesnick, Walker, translated by Mitsuaki Nozaki, Baifukan
[Non-Patent Document 4] [Asymmetric Electrostatic Force], K. Sakai, Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Scientific Research

An object of the present invention is to significantly increase the amount of charges carried by a charge carrier in an electric field drive type electrostatic power generator and to significantly improve the output thereof.

Means for solving the problem

  The object of the present invention is to provide a dedicated electric field for charge injection different from the accelerating electric field, which is a forward electric field formed by the grounded charge injection electrode and the high voltage electrode, instead of injecting charges into the charge carrier by electrostatic induction. This can be achieved by forming and charging and injecting a large amount of charges into the charge carrier in the dedicated electric field.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the amount of charge injected (charged) into the charge carrier is orders of magnitude larger than the amount of charge injected by electrostatic induction, so that the amount of carrier charge is significantly increased. As a result, the output of the electrostatic generator increases.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating Coulomb's law. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a front-back asymmetric electrostatic force using a lateral gutter-shaped conductor. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the generation principle of the front-back asymmetric electrostatic force using the lateral gutter-shaped conductor. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a basic unit of an electric field drive type electrostatic generator. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a charge injection portion of a conventional electric field drive type electrostatic generator that inductively injects charges. FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a basic unit of an electric field drive type electrostatic power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention for charging and injecting charges. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion for charging and injecting charges in the electric field drive type electrostatic power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the amount of injected charges generated as a result of induction injection and charge injection with the electrostatic force in the forward electric field. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the voltage of the charging electric field forming electrode and the amount of charged electric charge when the distance between the charge carrier and the charging electric field forming electrode is different in the rotary electric field driven electrostatic generator. is there. FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the voltage of the charging electric field forming electrode and the electrostatic force generated by the forward electric field when the distance between the charge carrier and the charging electric field forming electrode is different in the rotary electric field driven electrostatic generator. It is a graph shown. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of one set of an electric field drive type generator in which a basic unit of an electric field drive type electrostatic power generator for charging and injecting electric charges is circular and a plurality of charge injection base units are radially connected on a circumference. is there. FIG. 12 is a front view of one electric field drive type generator. FIG. 13 is a front view of an electric field drive type generator in which one set is stacked in multiple stages. FIG. 14 is a graph showing the amount of charge and the electrostatic force correspondingly generated by the reverse electric field. FIG. 15 is a partially enlarged view showing the relationship between the charged electric charge amount and the electrostatic force generated by the reverse electric field due to the charged electric charge amount in the portion in FIG. FIG. 16 is a graph showing the ratio of the charges left on the front vertical plate to the total amount of charged charges under a reverse electric field. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the lines of electric force acting on the charge carrier under the reverse electric field when the charge is not left on the front vertical plate of the charge carrier and when the charge remains. FIG. 18 is a mesh diagram used for obtaining the amount of charges injected into the charge carrier by induction injection in a simulation by the two-dimensional difference method.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In an electric field drive type electrostatic generator, a charge electric field forming electrode (electrode, electret) having a predetermined potential is used for the purpose of significantly increasing the amount of charge carried by a charge carrier to significantly improve the output of the generator. , Or a high dielectric material) and the charge carrier are brought close to each other, a capacitor is temporarily formed between them, and then the charge carrier is charged (charged) by the electric charge flowing into the capacitor when the charge carrier is grounded. It was realized by doing.

Hereinafter, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in comparison with a conventional example.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a charge injection portion of a conventional electric field drive type electrostatic generator in which charges are injected into a charge carrier by electrostatic induction.
In the figure, reference numeral 8 is a grounded charge injection electrode, reference numeral 9 is a high voltage electrode to which a high voltage is applied, reference numeral 11 is a charge carrier, and reference numeral 23 'is a charge injection electrostatic induction terminal. There is.
The width of the injection electrode 8 (horizontal direction on the paper surface) is 9.6 mm, the width of the high-voltage electrode 9 is 9.6 mm, the distance between them (horizontal direction on the paper surface) is 32.0 mm, and the length of the charge carrier 11 having a box shape with one side open. The height is 5.2 mm, the width is 5.1 mm in the horizontal direction, and the depth is 50.0 mm in the vertical direction. Further, 0 V is applied to these injection electrodes and +7 kV is applied to the high voltage electrodes.
In the above configuration, when the injected charge amount was simulated by the two-dimensional difference method which will be described later in detail, the injected charge amount was -0.66 [nC].
Further, when the charge carrier 11 comes between the injection electrode 8 and the high voltage electrode 9, the electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier 11 is 0.14 [in the + X (direction in which the charge carrier 11 travels)] direction. mN]. Hereinafter, this electrostatic force is referred to as a forward electric field electrostatic force.
Note that the forward electric field electrostatic force varies slightly depending on the position of the charge carrier 11, but is represented by the value of the intermediate point.

FIG. 6 shows a basic unit of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator of the present invention for charging and injecting charges into the charge carrier 11.
In the figure, reference numeral 18 is a charging electric field forming source that forms a charging electric field with the grounded charge carrier 11, and specifically, an electrode to which a predetermined voltage is applied, an electret having a predetermined potential, or It is such a ferroelectric. Hereinafter, the electrode will be representatively described, but the same applies to the electret and the ferroelectric. Reference numeral 19 is a power source of the charging electric field forming source 18.
Other than that, the members with the same reference numerals are the same as the basic unit of the conventional electric field drive type electrostatic generator shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an essential part of a system for injecting charges into the charge carrier 11 by a new method, which is one example of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator of the present invention.
In the figure, reference numeral 18 is grounded, a charging electric field forming electrode to which a low voltage is applied, reference numeral 9 is a high voltage electrode to which a high voltage is applied, reference numeral 11 is a charge carrier, and reference numeral 23 is grounded. The charge injection charging terminal is shown.
An acceleration electric field, which is a forward electric field, is formed between the charging electric field forming electrode 18 and the high voltage electrode 9, and the charge carrier 11 is accelerated in the electric field direction by the acting asymmetric electrostatic force.
In addition to the accelerating electric field, the charging electric field forming electrode 18 forms an electric field dedicated to charging the electric charge carrier 11 which is grounded and passes therethrough with the charge carrier 11 concerned.
Specifically, as shown in the figure, the pair of upper and lower charging electric field forming electrodes 18, 18 and the upper and lower horizontal plates 72, 72 of the charge carrier 11 respectively sandwich an air layer of 5.7 mm therebetween. Thus, a pair of upper and lower capacitors are formed.
Therefore, when the charge carrier 11 is grounded via the charge injection charging terminal 23, a charging current flows through the pair of capacitors, that is, the upper and lower horizontal plates 72, 72, and the upper and lower horizontal plates 72, 72 are charged. (Hereinafter, this charge injection method is referred to as charge injection in distinction from the conventional charge injection by electrostatic induction).
Here, the injection charge amount and the forward electric field electrostatic force when the potential of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 is +1.0 kV and the potential of the high voltage electrode 9 is +7.0 kV are obtained by simulation, and the results are obtained by induction injection. It is shown in FIG. 8 together with each value.
As shown by the vertical axis in the figure, the injected charge amount by charge injection increased from -0.66 [nC] obtained by induction injection to -2.38 [nC], which was 3.6 times, and the forward electric field electrostatic force by charge injection was increased. Is increased from 0.14 [mN] obtained by induction injection to 0.39 [mN], which is 2.9 times.
Further, since the rotation speed of the charge carrier holding disk 14 also increases due to the increase in the forward electric field electrostatic force, the output power becomes 16.2 [μW], which is 10.5 times the output power obtained by induction injection. .
In addition, in the above simulation, the electrodes to which the voltage is applied are used as the charging electric field forming electrode 18 and the high voltage electrode 9, respectively, but in the actual product, both can use an electret.

Further, since the bench model is a handmade product, the distance between the rotating charge carrier 11 and the charging electric field forming electrode 18 needs to be 5.0 mm or more as described above. Is 1.0 mm is sufficient. Therefore, this interval is set to 0.9 mm, and at the same time, the voltage of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 is increased to 3.0 kV and +5.0 kV, and a similar simulation is performed. The results are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
As shown in FIG. 9, when the distance between the charge carrier 11 and the charging electric field forming electrode 18 is 0.9 mm and the potential of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 shown on the horizontal axis is +5.0 kV, the charging electric charge shown on the vertical axis is shown. The amount reached -35.68 [nC], which was 55 times as large as the injected charge amount of 0.66 [nC] obtained by induction injection in the bench model.
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the forward electric field electrostatic force shown on the vertical axis has a gap of 0.9 mm between the charge carrier 11 and the charging electric field forming electrode 18, and the electric potential of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 shown on the horizontal axis is At +5.0 kV, it was 18.95 [mN], which was 140 times that of 0.14 [mN] obtained by induction injection in the bench model. As a result, the output power was 11.7 [mW], which was 7600 times that of 1.54 [μW] obtained by induction injection in the bench model. Therefore, it is possible to drive a small electric device although the output power is not enough to drive a car.
Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 11, in order to further increase the output power, a plurality of charge carriers 11 shown in FIG. 6 are radially arranged around the central axis of a rotatable disc of a predetermined size at a constant angular interval. Similarly, a plurality of sets of the charge carrier holding disk 14 and the charge injection basic unit shown in the figure are radially arranged around the central axis of each of the fixed disks at a constant angular interval. Disc type charge charging injection in which two upper and lower electrode plates 13 and 15 are provided, and the charge carrier holding member 14 is sandwiched so that the electrode pairs of the electrode plates 13 and 15 face each other vertically. Form a set.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 12, in one disk-type charge charging and injecting set, one end of the charge injecting and charging terminal 23 is fixed to the outer wall of the set, and its free end is brought into contact with the charge carrier 11, The charge carrier 11 can be grounded. Reference numeral 16 indicates a fixed shaft which is a central shaft.
With such a configuration, the output is doubled according to the number of sets.
Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the output power can be further doubled according to the number of stages by stacking the one set in upper and lower stages.
In the figure, reference numeral 17 is a bearing which is fixed to the center of the charge carrier holding disk 14 and rotates around a fixed shaft 16.
Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above as an electrostatic generator, the capacitor 12 is omitted from each of the devices shown in FIGS. 6, 11, 13 and the like, and the recovered charge is directly flown to the ground to recover the charge. If the potential of 10 is kept at 0V, or if the charge recovery terminal 24 is omitted while the charge recovery electrode 10 is grounded, it becomes an electrostatic motor or an electrostatic accelerator.

Here, when the electric potential of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 is set to +5.0 kV as described above, in order not to drop the forward electric field electrostatic force of 18.95 [mN], the electric potential of the high voltage electrode 9 is raised to about +12.0 kV. There is a need.
At this time, the potential of the recovery electrode 10 (FIGS. 4, 6, and 11) is 0 V or less, so the potential difference between the high-voltage electrode 9 and the recovery electrode 10 is 12.0 kV or more. On the other hand, the distances of the forward electric field and the reverse electric field are both 3.2 mm, which are equal to each other. Therefore, the strength of the reverse electric field is 1.7 times or more the strength of the forward electric field.
As a result, if the strength of the forward electric field and the strength of the reverse electric field are the same, the charge carrier 11 can reach the inside of the recovery electrode 10 by the aforementioned asymmetric electrostatic force, but the strength of the reverse electric field is strong. Is 1.7 times the strength of the forward electric field, the charge carrier 11 normally cannot reach the inside of the recovery electrode 10.

Therefore, in order to confirm this, the reverse electric field electrostatic force was obtained by simulation, and the result is shown in FIG. The range in which the amount of charge is small is enlarged and shown in FIG.
Usually, the direction of the electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier 11 in the reverse electric field (hereinafter referred to as the reverse electric field electrostatic force) is the reverse of the direction of the forward electric field electrostatic force and is −X (the reverse of the traveling direction). The sign should be negative.
However, in FIG. 14, the sign of the reverse electric field electrostatic force is positive, as shown on the vertical axis, particularly in the range where the amount of charged charges is large on the horizontal axis.
In addition, as is clear from FIG. 15 which shows an enlarged range of a small amount of charged electric charge, in a range where the amount of charged electric charge shown on the horizontal axis is less than -6 [nC], the reverse electric field electrostatic force shown on the vertical axis is substantially equal to the charged electric charge. It can be seen that the intensity increases in the -X direction in proportion to the amount.
However, when the charge amount further exceeds -6 [nC], the reverse electric field electrostatic force is weakened, and when the charge amount becomes -10 [nC], the sign of the reverse electric field electrostatic force is reversed. That is, it can be seen that it works in the + X direction.

Here, as described above with reference to FIG. 3, the free electrons injected in the forward electric field gather in the front vertical plate 71 of the charge carrier 11 and the electric field of the electric field is generated. When all the free electrons move to the rear upper and lower horizontal plates 72 when the directions are reversed and enter the reverse electric field, the acting direction of the reverse electric field electrostatic force cannot be the + X direction.
Therefore, in order to confirm this hypothesis, the ratio of the electric charge remaining in the front vertical plate 71 to the charged electric charge amount was obtained by simulation for each charged electric charge amount, and the result is shown in FIG.
In the figure, referring to the charge amount of the vertical plate on the vertical axis, when the charge amount of charge on the horizontal axis is small, most of the charge does not remain on the front vertical plate 71 and the rear upper and lower horizontal plates 72. You can see that you are moving to.
However, it can be seen that as the charged charge amount increases, a considerable amount of charge remains in the front vertical plate 71, and the ratio thereof gradually increases as the charged charge amount increases.
The cause is considered to be the influence of electrostatic repulsion between free electrons.
If the amount of clogging is small, each free electron is attracted by the electric field and moves to the left, and enters the rear upper and lower horizontal plates 72, but when the amount is large, the free electrons of the front vertical plate 71 are The electrostatic repulsive force is received from the free electrons that have moved to the rear upper and lower horizontal plates 72, so that they cannot move to the left.

That is, at this time, as schematically shown in FIG. 17, the electrostatic force acting on the free electrons remaining on the front vertical plate 71 acts on the charge carrier 11 also in the + X direction (direction shown!). is there.
In this figure, symbol 5 indicates an arrow indicating the direction of the electric field, symbol 71 indicates a front vertical plate of the charge carrier 11, symbol 72 indicates a rear upper and lower horizontal plates, and black circles indicate free electrons. In the center left (A) of the figure, when the charged charge amount Q is less than the limit charge amount Q _{0 that} starts to remain on the front vertical plate 71, in the right side (B), the charged charge amount Q is the limit charge amount. The case of Q ₀ or more is shown.
As shown in the figure, in the case of FIG. 3A, since there is no charge in the front vertical plate 71, there is no electric force line 5 that enters the front vertical plate 71, and there is no electrostatic force that acts on the charge carrier 11. In the case of FIG. 7B, free electrons remain in the front vertical plate 71, and from the high voltage electrode 9 to which a positive high voltage on the left side (not shown) is applied, electric lines of force are generated as shown in the figure. The front vertical plate 71 is bent and enters, and thus an electrostatic force in the + X direction is generated.
In other words, if the charge amount is sufficient, it means that even if it enters the reverse electric field, it is accelerated in the + X direction.
Since this phenomenon does not depend on the type of charging method of the charge carrier 11, the same result will be obtained if a sufficient charge can be injected into the charge carrier 11 by another charging method.

In the case of Example 1, for example, when the voltage of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 is +5 kV, in order not to drop the forward electric field electrostatic force of 18.95 [mN], the potential of the high voltage electrode 9 which is +7 kV is set to about +12.0 kV. It was necessary to obtain a sufficient acceleration electric field and a sufficient forward electric field electrostatic force, but it is usually difficult to obtain this potential with an electret.
Therefore, the charge carrier 11 is grounded by the charge injection charging terminal 23 between the pair of upper and lower charging electric field forming electrodes 18, and electric charges having a polarity different from the electric potential of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 are injected (charged) into the electric charge carrier 11. Then, when the charge injection charging terminal 23 is detached and passes through the charging electric field forming electrodes 18, the changeover switch 20 shown in FIG. 7 is switched from the power source side to ground and the electric potential of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 is changed from +5 kV. The potential of the charging electric field forming electrode 18 is controlled so as to return to 0 kV. The control is performed by a potential controller (not shown).
As a result, a sufficient acceleration electric field and forward electric field electrostatic force are formed and generated while the voltage of the high voltage electrode 9 is maintained at 7 kV.

The calculation method by the two-dimensional difference method used in the present invention will be described below by taking the case of induction injection as an example.
In FIG. 18, a mesh diagram around the charge carrier 11 is shown. In the figure, symbol 8 indicates an injection electrode and symbol 11 indicates a charge carrier. Further, although not shown, a high voltage electrode 9 and a recovery electrode 10 grounded are arranged on the right side of the charge carrier.
In the two-dimensional difference method, first, the entire area shown in FIG. 6 is divided into fine meshes. The width of the mesh was set to 0.1 mm, 0.4 mm, and 1.6 mm as the distance from the charge carrier 11 was increased.

通常、２０００個程度ある格子点にこの式が適用され、この多元連立一次方程式を解くことで、全格子点の電位が求められる。
ここで、注入電極８と回収電極１０の電位は、夫々接地されているので0Vとする。電荷搬送体１１に含まれる格子点の電位は、電荷搬送体１１が導体なので、全て等しいものとする。又、高電圧電極９の電位は+7.0kVとする。 Then, as shown in FIG. 18, each grid point (intersection point of mesh) is given a serial number, and the potential V of each grid point is calculated as the average value of the potentials of the left, right, upper, and lower grid points. For example, the potential V105 of the grid point 105 is calculated by the following equation 1 based on the potentials V104, V106, V88, and V122 of the grid points 104, 106, 88, and 122 on the upper, lower, left, and right sides.

Usually, this formula is applied to about 2000 grid points, and the potentials of all grid points can be obtained by solving this multidimensional simultaneous linear equation.
Here, the potentials of the injection electrode 8 and the recovery electrode 10 are set to 0 V because they are grounded. The potentials of the lattice points included in the charge carrier 11 are all equal because the charge carrier 11 is a conductor. The potential of the high voltage electrode 9 is +7.0 kV.

次に、第５面の表面電荷密度σ₅は、次式で計算される。同式においてε_０は真空の誘電率である。

次に、第５面の電荷量q₅は次式で計算される。同式においてS_５ は第５面の面積である。

電荷搬送体１１の電荷の総量は、第１面から第３０面迄の電荷量を合算して求められ、-0.66[nC]となった。 The surface of the charge carrier 11 has 30 rectangular surfaces (regions) each having an ordinal width of 0.1 mm and a depth of 50 mm. The electric field E on the surface of the fifth surface is calculated by the following equation. In the equation, h is the height of the mesh, which is 0.1 mm.

Next, the surface charge density σ ₅ of the fifth surface is calculated by the following equation. In the equation, ε ₀ is the dielectric constant of vacuum.

Next, the charge amount q _{5 on} the fifth surface is calculated by the following equation. In the equation, S ₅ is the area of the fifth surface.

The total amount of charges of the charge carrier 11 was calculated by adding the amounts of charges from the first surface to the thirtieth surface, and was -0.66 [nC].

電荷搬送体１１に右方向に作用する静電力F_R は次式で求められる。

一方、電荷搬送体１１に対し、左方向に作用する静電力F_L は次式で求められる。

尚、電荷搬送体１１の上下方向に働く静電力は、電荷搬送体１１の形状が上下対称で、且つ当該電荷搬送体１１が、注入電極対８と高電圧電極対９と回収電極対１０の、各上下真ん中に置かれている為、上下等しく、相殺され、ゼロになる。
よって、電荷搬送体１１に作用するトータルの静電力F_Tは次式で計算される。

尚、充電注入の場合も、略同様に計算され、予め求められた注入電荷量を、電荷搬送体に与え、順電界と逆電界での静電力がシミュレーションされる。 Next, the electrostatic force F ₅ acting on the fifth surface is calculated by the following equation.

The electrostatic force F _R acting on the charge carrier 11 in the right direction is calculated by the following equation.

On the other hand, with respect to charge carrier 11, the electrostatic force F _L acting on the left is given by the following equation.

The electrostatic force acting in the vertical direction of the charge carrier 11 is such that the shape of the charge carrier 11 is vertically symmetrical, and the charge carrier 11 is composed of the injection electrode pair 8, the high voltage electrode pair 9, and the recovery electrode pair 10. , Since they are placed in the middle of each top and bottom, they are equal to each other and are offset, and become zero.
Therefore, the total electrostatic force F _T acting on the charge carrier 11 is calculated by the following equation.

In the case of charge injection, the amount of injected charge that is calculated in a similar manner and obtained in advance is given to the charge carrier to simulate the electrostatic force in the forward electric field and the reverse electric field.

1: High-voltage electrode 2: First counter electrode 3: Point charge 4: Arrow indicating the vector of electrostatic force acting on the point charge: Arrow indicating the direction of the electric field 6: Second counter electrode 7: Front-back asymmetrical in the direction of the electric field 71: a gutter-shaped conductor front vertical plate 72: a gutter-shaped conductor rear upper and lower horizontal plates 8: charge injection electrode 9: high-voltage electrode 10: charge recovery electrode 11: front-back asymmetrical in the direction of the electric field Charge carrier 12 having a uniform shape: a capacitor 13 connected to a charge recovery electrode: an insulating support 14 that supports the charge injection electrode, the high voltage electrode, and the charge recovery electrode: a charge that holds the charge carrier radially arranged Carrier holding disc 17: Bearing 18: Charge electric field forming electrode 23 ': Charge injection static induction terminal 23: Charge injection charge terminal 24: Charge recovery terminal

Claims (5)

An electrostatic force application in which a conductor having an asymmetric shape before and after its moving direction is driven by an asymmetric electrostatic force that acts on itself by being charged and holding an electric charge, and moving a continuously formed forward and reverse continuous electric field. A device,
A charging electric field forming source that forms a capacitor with the conductor while a predetermined charging electric field forming potential is applied and the conductor is passing through itself;
Grounding means for grounding the conductor when the capacitor is temporarily formed,
When the conductor is grounded and a charging electric field is formed between the conductor and the charging electric field forming source, the charging of the conductor is performed by the charging current flowing into the capacitor, and the conductor holds the electric charge. Is an electrostatic force application device. In claim 1,
The electrostatic force application device further has a high voltage electrode,
The positive electric field is formed between the charging electric field forming source and the high voltage electrode,
An electrostatic force application device that changes the charging electric field forming potential to 0 kV when the conductor is charged with the charging electric field forming potential exceeding 0 kV and the ground is released. The electrostatic force application device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductor having the asymmetrical shape is a substantially box-shaped member whose opposite side in the moving direction is open.
The charging electric field forming source is a plate-shaped electret,
Moreover, the electrostatic force applied device in which the capacitor is formed between one surface of the box-shaped conductor and the electret. A conductor having a charging unit and having an asymmetrical shape before and after the moving direction of the charging unit is continuously charged by being charged by the charging unit and holding an electric charge, driven by an asymmetrical electrostatic force acting on the charging unit. An electrostatic force application device that moves a positive and reverse continuous electric field,
The conductor is a substantially box-shaped body having a front surface portion perpendicular to the direction of the forward and reverse continuous electric fields and a vertically parallel portion parallel to the electric field, the opposite side of which is open in the moving direction,
In the positive electric field, the charged electric charge can be accumulated and retained in the vertical front surface portion, and in the reverse electric field, the charged electric charge can be moved from the vertical front surface portion to the vertically parallel portions. That is, and
In the conductor, which is in the reverse electric field, the charging unit is prevented from moving by the repulsive force due to the charges that have moved to the upper and lower parallel portions, and a predetermined amount of charges remains on the vertical front surface portion. An electrostatic force application device that charges a conductor. The electrostatic force application device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrostatic force application device is an electrostatic generator that collects electric charges carried by the conductor to generate electric power, or an electrostatic motor or an electrostatic accelerator that does not collect the electric charges.

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