JP2012039842A6 - Electrostatic motor / electrostatic generator using vertical charge carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to optimize the shape and arrangement of an asymmetrical moving body (charge carrier / moving element) used in an electrostatic device (motor, generator, accelerator) using asymmetric force. Simplify the mechanism for electrostatically levitating the moving body. Add an electrostatic brake and reverse rotation function to the electrostatic motor to make it easier to use.
The number of shapes to be examined is increased to obtain an optimum shape and its optimum arrangement. Appropriate electric charge is given to the moving body to generate an electrostatic force in the upward direction to cancel the gravity. When the shape of the moving element of the electrostatic motor is devised to reverse the applied voltage polarity, the direction of the electrostatic force acting on the moving element is reversed. A part of the upper and lower fixed electrodes of the electrostatic motor is formed into the shape of the upper and lower fixed electrodes of the electrostatic generator, and in this section, the movable element plays a role of a charge carrier. Further, in the electrostatic generator, by setting the applied voltage of the recovery electrode to the voltage of the injection electrode (grounding), the same electric field as that of the electrostatic motor is formed to temporarily function as the electrostatic motor.
[Selection] Figure 10

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

  The present invention relates to an asymmetric shape effect, that is, an electrostatic generator that utilizes a phenomenon in which the magnitude of electrostatic force acting on an asymmetric charged or uncharged conductor differs in the direction of the electric field, or the direction differs from the direction of the electric field. The present invention relates to an electrostatic motor and an electrostatic accelerator. In particular, it relates to the shape of an asymmetric conductor and its arrangement.

  Conventionally, in an electrostatic generator, mechanical energy has been used to transport the charge carrier to a higher position in terms of electrostatic energy against the Coulomb force caused by the electric field acting on the carrier charge. .

On the other hand, the present inventor previously discovered that the energy of the electric field can be used instead of the mechanical energy, and applied for a method apparatus. (Patent Documents 1, 2, 3, 4)
JP 2006-325394 A JP2008-005690 JP 2009-262667 A JP 2010-098925

    Among them, in Patent Document 1, as a charge carrier, an L-shaped electrode obtained by folding a flat plate at a right angle is reversed left and right, the standing plate portion is perpendicular to the electric field direction, and the flat plate portion is used parallel to the electric field. is doing.

    In Patent Document 2, as a charge carrier, a flat screw type and a cup (box) type are compared, and a cup (box) type is selected as the optimum shape. (The same patent, claim 4, 5, 7, FIGS. 16-20). The L-shape disclosed in Patent Document 1 is described as a part of a cup (box) shape (same as [0010]). Further, the arrangement is claimed when the side surface is parallel to the moving direction (electric field direction) (Claim 5).

    Patent Document 3 describes a new type of electrostatic motor that uses electrostatic force in the horizontal direction that acts on an uncharged cup-shaped moving element with the outer bottom face in the right direction between two upper and lower electrodes. Yes. (Claim 2, [0021], FIG. 9A)

    Further, in Patent Document 4, an electret band is formed in a portion of a moving body that includes an asymmetric electrode (moving element) in the traveling direction where an asymmetrical electrode is not formed, and the corresponding housing that covers the moving body is formed. It is claimed to form an electret band of the same polarity on the inner surface of the body. (Claim 3) Due to the repulsive electrostatic force acting between both electrets, the moving body does not contact the casing. ([0047], [0048], Examples 3, 4, 5, FIGS. 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15)

Therefore, the first problem of the present invention is that the shape of the charge carrier studied in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is small, so that the charge carrier of more shapes than the flat screw type and the cup (box) type. It is also necessary to re-select the true optimum shape by obtaining the electrostatic force acting on the.
The second problem is that in order to carry out the electrostatic levitation method of the charge carrier / mover described in Patent Document 4, electrets are formed on the charge carrier / mover disc and a part of the casing. Since it has to be costly, it is to establish a simpler, less expensive method.
The third problem is that the electrostatic motor itself described in Patent Document 3 has a simple configuration, but in order to actually use it, it is necessary to add a mechanical brake mechanism to the outside, and the entire apparatus Therefore, it is necessary to establish an electrostatic braking method that does not use an additional mechanical brake device.
The fourth problem is that the electrostatic generator described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 needs to rotate the charge carrier disk with an externally added motor at the time of startup, and Patent Documents 1 to 4 In the electrostatic motor described in the above, it is necessary to compensate for the leakage current of the capacitor formed by the upper and lower fixed electrode disks with an external power supply. The function of the electrostatic motor is temporarily provided, and the function of the electrostatic generator is provided to the electrostatic motor itself.

1. Electrostatic force acting on 19 charged conductors with different shapes placed in a uniform electric field is determined by simulation and compared.
In 2 and 1, by changing the amount of charge applied to the conductor by electrostatic induction, in addition to the electrostatic force in the horizontal direction, an upward electrostatic force that exceeds the gravity acting on the charge carrier / moving element disk is generated. .
3. The shape of the moving element is devised so that when the direction of the electric field formed by the upper and lower fixed disk electrodes is reversed, an electrostatic force in the reverse direction is generated by the charge movement in the moving element.
4. Since the basic configurations of the electrostatic generator and the electrostatic motor are the same, both functions can be generated by applying a voltage or dividing a single electrode.

1. A Λ type has been discovered that exhibits performance that is superior to that of the cup (box) type, which has been considered to be the optimum shape. By using this, the performance of the electrostatic generator / electrostatic motor is more than twice that of the prior art.
2. The amount of charge imparted by electrostatic induction can be controlled by changing the electrostatic induction voltage. Therefore, without any change to the electrostatic generator / electrostatic motor, Electrostatic levitation becomes possible. There is no need to form electrets in various places, and the cost is greatly reduced.
3. The shape of the mover is slightly complicated, but a strong brake can be applied only by reversing the voltage applied to the upper and lower fixed disk electrodes. Further, unlike the mechanical brake, since the electrostatic force in the reverse direction is generated, the reverse rotation can be continued. There is no need to add a mechanical brake mechanism to the outside, the device becomes smaller, and the cost is greatly reduced.
4. With only the voltage application method or partial division of a single electrode, the electrostatic generator has the function of an electrostatic motor and the electrostatic motor has the function of an electrostatic generator. There is no need to add a motor, the device becomes smaller, and the cost is greatly reduced.

    I would like to review the Coulomb's law before searching for a higher-performance shape to replace the cup-type charge carrier / moving element, which has been considered optimal. As is well known, Coulomb's law can only be applied to point charges or charged spheres, but it is the current basic law of static electricity and it is applied to the non-spherical (charged) conductor used by the present invention. It is also very helpful in considering working electrostatic force.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of Coulomb's law. That is, when a point charge q (+) is placed in the uniform electric field E formed by the upper and lower electrodes, an electrostatic force F acts on the point charge. The electrostatic force is usually called Coulomb force. Coulomb force has the following three characteristics.
1) The magnitude (absolute value) is constant and is calculated by the following equation.
F = qE (1)
2) The direction is the same as the direction of the electric field (when the polarity of the charge is positive). Or in the opposite direction (when the charge polarity is negative).
3) When the direction of the electric field is reversed, the magnitude of the force (absolute value) does not change.

    In the following, the optimum shape is obtained, and the electrostatic force acting on the charged conductors of various shapes is calculated and compared by simulation. All the 19 shapes used were made from one basic plate. The shape is shown in FIG. The length is 100.5 mm, the width is 10.5 mm, and the thickness is 1.5 mm.

    In order to simplify the process of calculating the electrostatic force after the potential simulation, the arrangement angle of the basic plate was limited to the four directions shown in FIG. That is, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees from the x-axis.

The 19 shapes used in the simulation are shown in FIGS. No. 1 to No. 3 were produced by changing the arrangement angle of one basic plate. Nos. 4 to 11 were prepared by combining two basic plates. Nos. 12 to 19 were prepared by combining three basic plates.
These 19 conductors were each given a constant charge and placed in a uniform electric field, and the electrostatic force acting on them was determined by simulation. The simulation was performed by an XY two-dimensional difference method. Details thereof were introduced in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and are omitted here.

    FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the simulation target area. Large parallel plate electrodes are placed above and below, and a small charged conductor is placed at the center. The width of both electrode plates is 1021.5 mm, and the distance between the upper and lower electrodes is 1021.5 mm. 1021050V is applied to the upper electrode, and the lower electrode is grounded. As a result, a uniform electric field is formed between both electrodes, and its strength is 1.0e + 6 V / m. The 19 conductors having different shapes are each given a charge of −100 nC. If the shape of the conductor is a small sphere, the electrostatic force acting on it is calculated to be 0.1 N according to Coulomb's law. However, since the shape of these 19 charged conductors is not a small sphere, the electrostatic force acting thereon was obtained by simulation.

The direction of the electrostatic force acting on the surface of the conductor is always perpendicular to the surface. As a result, the electrostatic force acting on the surface of the basic plate arranged at four angles becomes eight as shown in FIG. Of these, the direction of the four forces is the same as the X or Y axis. Although the remaining four force directions are different from those of the X and Y axes, the angle is 45 degrees with respect to the X or Y axis.

The forces in the same direction as the X axis are all summarized in Fx,
Fx = F0 (+) + F0 (−) + F45 (+). x-F45 (-). x-F135 (+). x + F135 (-). x (10)
The forces in the same direction as the Y axis were all collected in Fy by the following formula.
Fy = F90 (+) + F90 (−) + F45 (+). y-F45 (-) y + F135 (+). y-F135 (-). y (11)
In this process, it was assumed that all forces act on the center of gravity of each conductor. As a result, torque was ignored.
Finally, the magnitude F of the electrostatic force acting on each charged conductor and its direction θ were calculated as follows using Fx and Fy. That is, θ is an angle from the y-axis (direction opposite to the direction of the electric field).

    FIG. 8 shows the magnitude of the electrostatic force acting on the 19 differently charged conductors. Since the charge amount is -100 nC, if the shape of the conductor is a small sphere, the size is 0.1 N according to Coulomb's law. This is indicated by a dotted line in the figure. The magnitude of the force acting on the 19 charged conductors having different shapes is about 0.1 N, but may be half or less than half. Among the 19 shapes, the Λ shape indicated by the solid black is the largest, which is 0.131N. On the other hand, the П type corresponding to the cup (box) type, which has been considered optimal, is not so large and is 0.083N. This is shown in white. The cup (box) type cannot be handled by XY two-dimensional simulation, so the П (樋) type was used.

    Among the 19 shapes, it has been found that the electrostatic force acting on the Λ type is the largest, but the new electrostatic power generation methods (electric field drive type) disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 have a static electric field with a constant electric field. The energy of the electric field is drawn up using the difference between the magnitude of the electrostatic force and the magnitude of the electrostatic force when the direction of the electric field is reversed, not the magnitude of the electric power. Therefore, the magnitude of the force acting on the Λ-type conductor when the direction of the electric field is reversed is a problem. If this is too large, there will be no difference in force before and after electric field reversal, which is inappropriate as a charge carrier for an electric field driven electrostatic generator.

FIG. 9 shows the electrostatic force acting on the 19 charged conductors when the electric field is reversed. In this figure, instead of showing the inversion of the electric field, the direction of each charging conductor is displayed in the up-down direction, that is, the direction of the electric field is inverted.
Surprisingly, the electrostatic force acting on the Λ-type indicated by the black solid is a minimum of 0.016N. On the other hand, the П type shown in white is 0.038N although it is smaller.

FIG. 10 shows the result of subtracting the electrostatic force (absolute value) after the electric field inversion from the electrostatic force (absolute value) before the electric field inversion. Obviously, the Λ type is the largest, 0.115N. On the other hand, the П type is 0.045N.
In the figure, in 11 charge carriers, the difference in electrostatic force before and after the electric field inversion is zero. This is because the shape is symmetrical in the vertical direction, that is, the electric field direction, and the electric field direction is inverted. This is because the magnitude of the electrostatic force that works there does not change.

    So, what was the result of obtaining the largest difference in electrostatic force because of the Λ type? First, consider the reason why the electrostatic force acting on the Λ-type is maximized in the electric field before inversion. To that end, let's compare the electric field around the Λ type and the T type conductor that showed the third largest difference in electrostatic force. The reason why the λ type, which was the second largest, was not the target, because the shape was similar to the Λ type.

FIG. 11 shows the state of the electric field around the Λ-type and T-type charged conductors. In the figure, thick arrows indicate the strength and direction of the electric field. From the figure, it can be seen that the back surfaces of both conductors are well shielded, and the downward electrostatic force is small at 0.0136 N and 0.0156 N for the Λ type and the T type, respectively. The difference is the intensity of the electric field on the front surface. When compared with the peak value, the Λ type is 7.4 MV / m and the T type is 6.0 MV / m. As a result, the upward electrostatic force is 0.1442N and 0.1202N for the Λ and T types, respectively. The total electrostatic forces were 0.1306N and 0.1046N, respectively.
The reason why the electric field on the front surface of the Λ type is stronger than that on the T type is that the front surface shape is convex and the electric field is more concentrated. That is, there are two reasons why the electrostatic force acting on the Λ type is maximized in the electric field before inversion: the front surface shape is convex, the electric field tends to concentrate, and the back surface is well shielded. It is in. In addition, the effect of a back surface shield is mentioned also by description of the box-shaped and saddle-shaped electrode of patent document 4. FIG.

    Next, consider the reason why the electrostatic force acting on the Λ type in the inverted electric field is minimized. To that end, let's compare the electric field around the Λ shape and the simplest shape.

FIG. 12 shows the state of the electric field around the Λ-type and -type charged conductors. Since the direction of the electric field is from bottom to top and the charging polarity is negative, a downward electrostatic force should work. Actually, a force of -0.0161N is applied to the Λ type, and a force of -0.088N is applied to the -type. Needless to say, if the shape of the charged conductor is a small sphere, the force is -0.100 N according to Coulomb's law. Here, when this force is divided into an upward component Fup and a downward component Fdn, the upward component is 0.0381N for the Λ-type and 0.0485N for the −type, and there is no significant difference. On the other hand, the downward component is -0.1365N, which is 2.5 times as long as the Λ-type is -0.0542N. -Considering mold as a standard-mold is 40% of that. As apparent from FIG. 12, the decrease of 60% is due to the fact that the front surface (lower surface) toward the Λ-type electric field is shielded and the electric field on the surface is weakened.
That is, the reason why the electrostatic force acting on the Λ type is the maximum before the electric field inversion and the minimum after the inversion is common. The electric field concentration effect due to the convex shape on the front surface and the shielding effect on the rear surface It is.

    The above results, that is, the electrostatic force acting on the non-spherical charged conductor is not constant, unlike Coulomb's law, and changes in its shape, especially when the shape is Λ type, and the electric field is reversed. This phenomenon was first discovered by the inventor this time. In the following, we will introduce the results of improving the efficiency of electrostatic devices by using this newly discovered shape instead of the conventional shape. We also report simulation results on the direction of electrostatic force acting on different charged conductors. This result is also very important for improving the efficiency of the electrostatic motor.

FIG. 13 shows the direction of electrostatic force acting on 19 charging conductors having different shapes. It can be seen that only the Λ-type conductor in the horizontal direction shows a very large inclination of nearly 60 degrees. On the other hand, the inclination of the П-type conductor placed sideways is about 1/5. In FIG. 13, the inclination is 0 degree in the eight conductors symmetrical in the vertical direction of the electric field (horizontal direction in the figure).
Then, what was the result of obtaining the greatest inclination because of the Λ-type conductor that was turned sideways? In order to consider this cause, let's compare the electric field around the Λ-type conductor that is turned sideways and the \ -type conductor that shows the second largest inclination.

    FIG. 14 shows the state of the electric field around the Λ-type and \ -type charged conductors in the horizontal direction. In the figure, thick arrows indicate the strength and direction of the electric field. As shown in the figure, when the right-angled Λ-shaped conductor is formed by combining a right-angled diagonal board with a \ -shaped conductor composed of one diagonally-lowered board, the rear face of the right-down board is shielded. Then, it can be seen that the electrostatic force in the lower right is added by the added right-up plate. As a result, Fy was decreased, Fx was increased, and the inclination θ was increased from 36.1 ° to 58.3 °.

    This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the front surface shape of the lateral Λ-type conductor is convex and the electric field is more concentrated, and that two oblique conductive plates whose rear surfaces are close to each other shield each other. This phenomenon, in which the direction of electrostatic force acting on the asymmetrical charged conductor in the vertical direction of the electric field (horizontal direction in the figure) is farther than the direction of the electric field, especially in the case of the Λ shape, this phenomenon is also very large. First discovered by the inventor.

Here, the characteristics of the electrostatic force (F) acting on the non-spherical charged (q) conductor placed in the uniform electric field (E) are summarized in comparison with the characteristics of the Coulomb force ([0012]).
1) The size is generally not F = qE. When the electric field concentrates on the front surface and the back surface is electrically shielded, it becomes larger than qE. (See Figure 8)
2) The direction is perpendicular to the electric field. In the case of a symmetric shape, the direction coincides with the direction of the electric field or the opposite direction, but in the case of an asymmetric shape, it does not coincide. (See Figure 13)
3) When the electric field is reversed, if the shape is symmetric in the electric field direction, the magnitude (absolute value) is the same, but if the shape is asymmetric, it is different. (See FIGS. 8, 9, and 10)
The above simulation results and discussions are currently being submitted to Journal of Electrostatics.

    Next, we will begin to explain examples of electrostatic generators and electrostatic motors that use the newly discovered phenomenon regarding the magnitude and direction of electrostatic force acting on asymmetrical charged conductors. The static generators and motors that are used are briefly introduced.

    The electrostatic generators that are best known and used in the past are of the van de Graaff type. The configuration and operation will be described with reference to the drawings described in the electrostatic handbook. In FIG. 15, the insulating belt rotated and moved in the direction of the arrow by a motor (not shown) is a charge carrier. First, the lowermost portion is positively charged with positive corona ions by corona discharge. Next, when entering a charge collection sphere maintained at a high pressure, for example, 1 million volts, a corona discharge is generated between the corona discharge needle array and the positive ions on the insulating belt. As a result, the positive charge conveyed by the insulating belt is collected by the high voltage charge collecting sphere.

    This principle will be described with reference to FIG. In the van de Graaff type electrostatic generator, a negative charge (electrons) is placed on a charge transport body and transported toward a charge recovery electrode of −1 million volts. At this time, since a strong electrostatic force Fe acts on the charge transport body in a direction to push it back, a mechanical force Fm stronger than that is applied to the charge transport body to pull it up. That is, the charged insulating belt is mechanically rotated by a motor.

    On the other hand, the new electrostatic generator invented by the present applicant and applied for in Patent Document 2 does not use mechanical force to lift electrons received from 0V to −200V. Instead, the phenomenon newly discovered by the present applicant that the magnitude (absolute value) of the electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier having an asymmetric shape changes when the direction of the electric field is reversed is used. In other words, in the case of gravity, if the gravity of the downhill is large and the gravity of the uphill is small, once you go down the hill and store enough kinetic energy, if you go uphill, it is higher than the starting point It is a phenomenon that can be reached. Hereinafter, this type of electrostatic generator is referred to as an electric field driven electrostatic generator.

The specific contents will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 17 shows an electrode arrangement of one unit of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator. In the figure, reference numeral 2 is a charge injection electrode, 1 is an electret serving as a potential source, 4 is a charge recovery electrode, and 3 is a horizontal box-shaped charge carrier having an open left side. The width of the charge injection electrode and electret is 100 μm, and the width of the charge recovery electrode is 160 μm. The box-type charge carrier has a width of 80 μm and a height of 160 μm. The charge density of the electret is + 1.25E-5 (C / m ² ), and the electric field strength with the injection electrode is about 1.0E + 6 (V / m). As a result, when the charge carrier passed through the injection electrode in electrical conduction, the amount of charge injected by electrostatic induction was −3.03E-13 (C).

    FIG. 18 shows a simulation result of the electrostatic force received from the electric field before the charged charge carrier 3 passes through the injection electrode 2 and enters the recovery electrode 4. From this figure, the electrostatic force acting on the charged charge carrier is about 8.0E-8 (N) in the right direction before the electret 1 and about 3.3 in the left direction after exiting the electret 1. It turns out that it is 0E-8 (N). In other words, in terms of gravity, descending gravity is twice as large as upward gravity, so you can climb to a higher point.

    FIG. 17 shows one unit of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator, and FIG. 19 shows one cassette in which the units are arranged on a disk. The cassette is composed of three discs. That is, the upper and lower fixed electrode disks 11 and 12 and the charge carrier disk 10 that is rotatably set between them. On the upper and lower fixed electrode discs, as shown in the figure, the charge injection electrode 2, the electret 1, and the charge collection electrode 4 are arranged radially in opposition to the upper and lower fixed discs. As the charge carrier disk 10 rotates, the charge carrier 3 formed on the disk 10 passes through them sequentially and repeatedly to generate electricity.

    Next, an electrostatic motor that uses a phenomenon in which the magnitude (absolute value) of the electrostatic force acting on the asymmetrical charged conductor changes when the direction of the electric field is reversed will be described with reference to FIGS. . In order to distinguish from another type of electrostatic motor introduced next, this type of method is hereinafter referred to as an electric field parallel movement type motor.

    FIG. 20 shows the electrode arrangement of the electric field translational electrostatic motor. In the figure, 1E represents electrets, and 2L and 2R represent left and right ground electrodes. The distance between the electret and the left and right ground electrodes is 1.2 mm, and the electret potential is + 1200V. The electret and the left and right ground electrodes have a radius of 5.0 mm, and a hole 21 having a radius of 0.21 mm is formed at the center thereof. Symbol 3 indicates a cup type moving element placed sideways with its opening facing left. Its radius is 0.2 mm and its width (height) is 0.3 mm. The thickness is 0.01 mm. When the cup passes through the hole of the left ground electrode and is instantaneously grounded with the conductive thread 22, a charge of -5.2E-12 (C) is injected by electrostatic induction.

FIG. 21 shows a simulation of the electrostatic force received from the electric field while the cup-type charging mover moves from the left ground electrode to the right ground electrode. From the figure, it can be seen that a strong electrostatic force is received in the right direction before the electret 1E, but a weak electrostatic force is received in the left direction when the electret 1E is passed. As a result, 2.6E-9 (J) of energy is left in the form of kinetic energy in the cup-shaped moving element that has reached the right ground electrode. If this energy is not used for accelerating the mover, it can be taken out as motor output.
Although there is no further description in Patent Document 2, the actual electrostatic motor can be obtained simply by removing the charge recovery electrode of the upper and lower fixed electrode disks of FIG. 19 shown as one cassette of the electrostatic generator. I can make a device.

    Next, another type of electrostatic motor will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 22 shows the basic configuration. That is, a potential difference is applied to the upper and lower parallel plate electrodes 11 and 12 to form a parallel electric field in the vertical direction, and an uncharged cup (box, bowl) type electrode 3 with the opening portion facing left is provided in the middle. When placed in a floating state, an electrostatic force acts on the electrostatically induced charge in the right direction. Of course, a strong electrostatic force works in the vertical (circumferential) direction, but since the directions are opposite, they cancel each other and become zero. Although the electrostatic force works not only in the right direction but also in the left direction, the area on the left side is very narrow compared to the right side, so it is very weak and the force acts in the right direction as a whole. As a result, the cup (box, bowl) electrode moves to the right. That is, it moves in the vertical direction of the electric field. Therefore, this type of electrostatic motor is termed an electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor.

FIG. 23 shows the apparatus configuration. Two disk electrodes 11 and 12 having a diameter of 120 mm face each other through a spacer of 0.32 mm, and a saddle-shaped electrode (moving element) 3 is formed radially between them. Was fixed to the central shaft 14 and arranged rotatably. The width and height of the saddle electrode are 0.08 mm.
When the lower fixed electrode 12 was grounded and +320 V was applied to the upper fixed electrode 11, and the motor output was simulated, it was 5 mN.

    Among asymmetrical conductors of various shapes, the Λ type showed the strongest electrostatic force, and it was found that the difference from the magnitude (absolute value) of the electrostatic force when the direction of the electric field was reversed was the largest (discovered) Therefore, in the electric field driven electrostatic generator introduced in [0036] to [0038], a Λ-type charge carrier was used instead of the П-type charge carrier. At that time, the electrostatic force acting on both charge carriers was determined by simulation. FIG. 24 shows a side view of both charge carriers used at this time, and FIG. 25 shows a position where the simulation was performed. That is, instead of simulating the entire process from charge injection to charge recovery shown in FIG. 18 (FIG. 12 of Patent Document 3) and FIG. 21 (FIG. 29 of Patent Document 2) this time. The simulation was performed using only points A and B2 in FIG. This is because, based on FIGS. 18 and 21, it is determined that the electrostatic force acting at these two points, that is, the intermediate point, is almost the same as the average value of the electrostatic force before and after the electric field inversion. The injected charge amount was −40 nC.

The simulation result is shown in FIG. Here, the electric field between the electric field forming high-voltage power supply 1 and the charge injection ground power supply 2 is called a forward electric field, and the electric field between the high-voltage power supply 1 and the charge recovery power supply 4 is called a reverse electric field. From the figure, the difference in magnitude between the electrostatic force acting in the forward electric field and the electrostatic force acting in the reverse electric field is more than twice that of the П (樋) type charge carrier. I understand that. This difference was caused by the fact that the front surface shape of the Λ-type charge carrier was convex and the electric field concentrated unlike the plane of the П (樋) -type charge carrier.
As a result, the energy that the charge carrier 3 receives from the electric field before passing through the charge injection electrode 2, over the high-voltage electrode 1, and into the charge collection electrode 4 is the conventional П (型) type It is clear that the use of the newly discovered Λ-type charge carrier instead of the charge carrier doubles and the output of the electric field driven electrostatic generator doubles.
In this case, the voltage of the charge recovery electrode was simulated as -3 kV, but this is not the upper limit of the generated voltage. The difference in the absolute value of the electrostatic force acting in the forward / reverse electric field is still sufficient, so it can be -10 kV.

    Also in the electric field translational electrostatic motor introduced in [0039] to [0041], the output increases as the difference in magnitude (absolute value) of the electrostatic force when the electric field is reversed. If a newly discovered Λ-type mover is used instead of the mover, the electrostatic force acting on the mover should be more than doubled, and as a result, the motor output should be more than doubled.

    As shown in FIG. 27, the electrode arrangements of the electric field translational electrostatic motor and the electric field drive type electrostatic generator are very similar. That is, in the former, the ground electrode pair 2 and the high-voltage electrode (electret) pair 1 are alternately arranged. In the latter, the ground (charge injection) electrode pair 2, the high-voltage electrode (electret) pair 1, and the charge recovery electrode pair 4 are arranged. Are arranged as a set. Both are the same in that the direction of the electric field is reversed before and after the high-voltage electrode (electret) 1. However, in the latter case, a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the high-voltage electrode 1 is applied to the charge recovery electrode pair 4, so that the electric field therebetween is stronger.

Therefore, in the simulation layout of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator shown in FIG. 25, the applied voltage of the charge recovery electrode 4 is changed from −3000V to 0V to be the right ground electrode 2, and the simulation layout of the electric field parallel movement type electrostatic motor did. With this layout (FIG. 28), the electrostatic force acting on the П type and Λ type having the shape shown in FIG. 24 was simulated. The result is shown in FIG. In the forward electric field, the electrostatic force acting in the right direction is 27.1 mN for П type, 32.2 mN for Λ type, and larger for Λ type. This difference is due to the concentration of the electric field in the Λ type. Further, the electrostatic force acting in the left direction in the reverse electric field is 16.0 mN for П type, 4.0 mN for Λ type, and very small for Λ type. This difference is due to the difference in the shielding effect on the back surface.
As a result, the electrostatic force acting through the forward / reverse electric field was 11.1 mN for the П type, 28.2 mN for the Λ type, and more than twice or nearly 3 times for the Λ type. From this result, it is clear that the output of the electric field parallel movement type electrostatic motor is more than doubled by using the newly discovered Λ type mover instead of the conventional П type mover. It is also obvious that the final speed of the electrostatic accelerator continues to accelerate without moving the electrostatic force as a motor output.

    From the distribution of the electric field around the Λ-type electrode shown in FIG. 12, if the shielding effect is further strengthened and the areas of the left and right bottom surfaces are reduced, the magnitude of the downward force becomes smaller than the magnitude of the upward force. Power is expected to go up. Then, the negatively charged conductor should move in the direction opposite to the electric field, but on the contrary, it automatically moves in the direction of the electric field. This means that the electric charge moves in the direction of higher electrostatic potential by the force of the electric field. Since this phenomenon is electrostatic power generation itself, it can automatically generate millions of volts without using mechanical energy. This electrostatic power generation method is called an electric field reverse drive electrostatic generator, and a schematic explanatory diagram thereof is shown in FIG.

The specific shape of the charge carrier is shown in FIG. The shape is such that the flat plate 31 is added in the middle of the Λ shape, but it may be of the Λ shape as a matter of course. However, both ends of the left and right wings 32 and 33 need to be cut in parallel with the y axis, not with the x axis. The five thin vertical plates added to the back surface are shield plates 34. Due to this presence, the back surface is almost completely shielded.
FIG. 31 shows the electrostatic force acting on the charge carrier with or without the shield plate when it is placed in an electric field of ± 2.08 MV / m before and after inversion of the electric field. Is. When there is no shield plate 34, when the electric field is reversed, the direction of the electrostatic force acting is also reversed, and the magnitude is about ½. It can be seen that the direction of the force does not reverse and the electrostatic force remains in the original direction although it is small. The details will be described in the following book to be issued in the future.
[Reference 1] “Asymmetric Electrostatic Forces and a New Electrostatic Generator” by Katsura Sakai, Nova Science Publisher (New York), 2010

In the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor introduced in [0042] to [0043], a horizontally oriented П type mover is used. In this case, an electrostatic force acting in a direction perpendicular to the electric field is used for an uncharged moving element placed in a fixed electric field. The simulation of the electrostatic force acting on the 19 differently shaped conductors introduced above was performed by charging the conductors. Therefore, there has been no result that the electrostatic force acts in the vertical direction of the electric field. However, it is expected that the conductor having the largest inclination from the electric field direction exhibits the largest electrostatic force in the vertical direction of the electric field when it is not charged.

    Therefore, looking at FIG. 13 showing the inclination of the electrostatic force acting on the 19 charged conductors from the direction of the electric field, the horizontally inclined Λ-type electrode is the most inclined. Its size is about 5 times that of the horizontal П electrode. From this result, it can be predicted that if a horizontal Λ-type electrode is used in place of the horizontal П-type electrode as the moving element of the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor, the output is greatly improved.

In order to confirm this prediction, the electrostatic force acting on the horizontally placed П-type electrode and the horizontally placed Λ-type electrode was obtained in the simulation layout shown in FIG. The result is shown in FIG. The force in the left direction was almost the same as 2.13 mN for П type and 3.13 mN for Λ type, but the force in the right direction was 3.01 mN for П type and 10.42 mN for Λ type. And Λ type became more than 3 times of П type. This large difference is due to the electric field concentration for the Λ type. As a result, the electrostatic force in the horizontal direction combining both of them was 0.75 mN for the П type, 7.29 mN for the Λ type, and the Λ type was nearly ten times stronger.
Since the electrostatic forces in the vertical direction are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, they cancel each other and eventually become zero. However, comparing the upward force, the П type was 16.54 mN, the Λ type was 5.21 mN, and the П type was more than three times stronger than the Λ type. It can be interpreted that the Λ-shaped guide plate placed at 45 degrees directed this strong vertical force partially in the horizontal direction.

    The electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor of Example 4 has the same structure as the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor disclosed in Patent Document 3, but has the structure shown in FIG. That is, a rotatable movable disk 10 having a large number of laterally oriented Λ-type electrodes (movable elements) 3 arranged radially is disposed between the fixed electrode disks 11 and 12. Although not shown, the upper electrode 11 is connected to a high voltage power source via a switch. On the other hand, the lower electrode 12 is always grounded. The mover disk is electrically floated in the middle. The mover disk can be mechanically inexpensively and easily manufactured with high accuracy from a single conductor plate by punching and bending.

    When a voltage is applied to the upper electrode 11 while the mover disc 10 is uncharged, the mover disc 10 receives a horizontal electrostatic force and starts rotating in the tip direction of the lateral Λ-type electrode. In this case, air resistance applied to the rotating moving disk 10 and dynamic friction resistance between the moving disk 10 and its support are problematic. Air resistance can be reduced by reducing the pressure inside the electrostatic motor. On the other hand, the frictional resistance can be eliminated by applying an upward electrostatic force applied to the mover disk 10 that is greater than the gravity applied to the mover disk 10.

    For this purpose, in Example 3 (electric field drive type electrostatic generator) of Patent Document 4, at the center portion where the charge carrier electrode is not formed, the front and back of the disk and the surface of the corresponding casing have the same polarity. The disc is electrostatically levitated by electrostatic repulsion. However, the formation of electrets is not a desirable means because it takes time, labor and cost. In particular, in the case of the present embodiment, since the mover disk 10 is made from one conductor plate, it is impossible to form an electret.

    Therefore, a negative charge is applied to the moving disk 10 to generate an electrostatic force in the vertical direction in addition to the horizontal direction. FIG. 34 shows the amount of charge applied to one lateral Λ-type electrode and the horizontal (right) and vertical (upward) electrostatic forces (Fr and Fup) applied to the lateral Λ-type electrode. From this figure, it can be seen that the upward electrostatic force is directly proportional to the injected charge amount. Therefore, an upward electrostatic force can be applied easily and accurately by controlling the injection charge amount. In addition, it is apparent that by injecting electric charges, not only the upward electrostatic force but also the horizontal electrostatic force (rightward) which is the driving force of the motor is increased.

    The electric charge can be easily given by electrostatic induction (charge injection). That is, when the mover disk 10 and the lower ground electrode 12 are temporarily electrically connected with a conductive thread or the like and a positive voltage is applied to the upper electrode 10, negative charges (electrons) are electrostatically induced and the mover circle Injected into the plate 10. FIG. 35 shows the relationship between the applied voltage and the amount of charge injected into one lateral Λ-type electrode. From the figure, it can be seen that the injected charge amount is directly proportional to the voltage applied to the upper electrode 11. Since the upward electrostatic force is directly proportional to the injected charge amount, the upward electrostatic force is eventually directly proportional to the applied voltage at the time of charge injection.

    The gravity applied to one lateral Λ-type electrode used in the simulation is 47.8 mN when calculated from its volume and specific gravity (the material is 2.7 for aluminum). Compared with FIG. 34, it is a considerably large value, and the injection charge amount expected to be necessary is about −80 nC. However, in order to facilitate the simulation, 1.5 mm and 1.06 mm were used as the thickness of the mover electrode, but in reality, a plate pressure of 0.1 mm may be sufficient. Since the weight of each mover electrode is 1/10, that is, 4.8 mN, the necessary injection charge amount is −8 nC from the figure. At this time, the necessary voltage is 5 kV from FIG.

It should be noted that this is the amount of charge and voltage required to electrostatically levitate a single movable element against the gravity acting on it, and considering the weight of the part other than the movable element of the movable element disk, About twice this is considered an appropriate amount.
In addition, since the injected charge is maintained for a long time, particularly when the surroundings are in a vacuum state, the charge injection may be performed once every day, for example, at startup.
This method is most effective in the case of a Λ-type mover, but other shapes are possible.

    As shown in FIG. 23, the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor of Example 4 (no moving element charging) may be simple. Moreover, the operation is simple, and it is only necessary to apply a voltage to the upper fixed electrode 11. And when the voltage is turned off, it stops automatically. However, it takes some time to stop. Depending on the method of use, this is not a problem, but it may be necessary to stop immediately. This requires mechanical brakes, for example disc brakes such as those used in automobiles.

However, since the main unit itself is very simple, I want to avoid making it complicated by adding a disc brake. Depending on the application, not only the brake but also the reverse rotation may be required. For example, when used as a direct drive device for automobile wheels, if reverse rotation is not possible, it is necessary to change the combination of gears when reversing. However, if the motor itself can rotate in the reverse direction, a complicated gear combination device is not necessary.

    Therefore, only by slightly changing the shape of the inductor of the electrostatic motor, braking and reverse rotation can be performed only by voltage applying means without adding a complicated device. The shape is shown in FIG. That is, the horizontal Λ-type movable element shown on the right side of FIG. 32 is electrically separated by sandwiching an insulator. Hereinafter, this shape is referred to as a vertical separation Λ type.

In the arrangement of the electrode and the mover shown in FIG. 36, + 25500V is applied to the upper electrode, the lower electrode is grounded, -10 nC is placed on the upper oblique plate of the mover, and +10 nC is placed on the lower oblique plate. When the working electrostatic force was simulated, the combined electrostatic force in the vertical direction was zero, and the electrostatic force in the horizontal direction was +6.47 mN (right direction).
Next, when the upper electrode is grounded, + 25500V is applied to the lower electrode, the direction of the electric field is reversed, and the electrostatic force acting on the moving element is simulated, the total electrostatic force in the vertical direction is zero, and the horizontal direction The electrostatic force of was -5.84 mN (left direction). That is, the direction of the electrostatic force acting on the moving element is reversed with the reversal of the electric field.
Therefore, in the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor using the vertical separation Λ type moving element, it is possible to generate the braking force and thus the reverse rotational force only by switching the voltage applied to the upper and lower electrodes. Needless to say, in the single Λ-type movable element of Example 4, the electrostatic force does not change at all even if the electric field is reversed. This is because the positive and negative charges electrostatically induced by the electric field are simply switched to each other according to the inversion of the electric field.

In an electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor using a single Λ-type mover, an upward electrostatic force could be applied by adding an appropriate amount of electric charge thereto as in Example 5. Similarly, a vertically separated Λ-type mover is very convenient if an upward electrostatic force can be applied.
Therefore, in the arrangement of the electrode and the mover shown in FIG. 36, + 25500V is applied to the upper electrode, the lower electrode is grounded, -15 nC is placed on the upper oblique plate of the mover, and +10 nC is placed on the lower oblique plate. When the electrostatic force acting on the child was simulated, the electrostatic force in the horizontal direction was +7.28 mN (right direction), and the combined electrostatic force in the vertical direction was +3.08 mN (upward direction). Furthermore, when the charge amount of the upper diagonal plate was increased from −15 nC to −20 nC, the horizontal electrostatic force was +8.15 mN, and the combined electrostatic force in the vertical direction was +6.35 mN. In other words, even in the case of the vertical separation Λ type mover, if the absolute value of the charge put into the upper oblique plate is made an appropriate amount larger than the absolute value of the charge put into the lower oblique plate, any desired upward electrostatic force is added. be able to.

    Next, FIG. 37 shows another shape in which the brake and reverse rotation can be performed only by voltage application means without adding a complicated device by slightly changing the shape of the inductor of the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor. Shown in In the horizontal Λ-type movable element, the lower diagonal plate is horizontally reversed, and the original upper diagonal plate and the horizontally inverted lower diagonal plate are connected by a flat plate. Hereinafter, it is referred to as an oblique N type. FIG. 38 schematically shows the amount of charge collected on the ten surfaces when a charge of −40 nC is applied thereto and placed in a uniform electric field directed from top to bottom or vice versa. In the figure, one black circle indicates a charge amount of −1.0 nC.

    From the figure, when +25500 V is applied to the upper electrode, -23 nC, which is close to 60% of −40 nC, is concentrated on the upper right surface, and conversely, when +25500 V is applied to the lower electrode, 60% is also applied. It can be seen that -23 nC close to is concentrated on the lower left surface. That is, a large charge transfer from the upper right to the lower left occurred in the inductor electrode due to the reversal of the direction of the electric field. As a result, before the inversion of the electric field, the electrostatic force applied to the moving element was 24.59 mN in the upward direction and 17.27 mN in the right direction. However, when the electric field is inverted, the electrostatic force is 24.24 mN in the downward direction. It was 14.72 mN in the left direction. This electrostatic force in the left direction becomes the braking force.

    Then, if the voltage to the lower electrode is kept as it is, the moving disk stops and then starts to rotate in the reverse direction. In this case, the electrostatic force that has worked so far up to electrostatically levitating the moving disk against the gravity changes its direction and works downward, along with the gravity. Since the tip of the shaft is pressed against the support, frictional resistance is generated, and the rotational force is reduced accordingly.

    It should be noted that the shape of the mover for achieving this purpose, the reverse rotation with the brake, is not limited to the vertically separated Λ type and the diagonal N type. As can be understood intuitively from FIG. 38, it is only necessary to include conductive surfaces having slanted shapes in the upper right and lower left in the traveling direction. For example, the rhombus shown in FIG. 39A or the rhombus having an oblique shape on the forefront and rearmost surfaces in the traveling direction shown in FIG. In this case, since it is not necessary to form the inside with a conductor or a metal, the surface of the plastic rhombus may be coated with a conductive paint, and a light movable element can be manufactured at low cost.

    As shown in the sixth and seventh embodiments, the use of the vertically separated Λ-type mover can give a braking force and a reverse rotational force and can add an upward electrostatic force. Here, we introduce another shape that makes it possible. That is, in the shape shown in FIG. 40, the moving member of FIG. 37 is reversed left and right so that the insulating member is sandwiched between the moving member and the original moving member.

    In this case, the four oblique conductive plates are electrically insulated, but the upper right and lower left and the lower right and upper left are separately connected as shown in the figure. As a result, when + 25500V is applied to the upper electrode and the lower electrode is grounded, the negative charge concentrated on the upper right diagonal plate and the positive charge concentrated on the lower right diagonal plate are applied to the upper and lower electrodes. When the electric field is reversed by reversing, it moves to the lower left diagonal plate and the upper left diagonal plate, respectively. As a result, a horizontal electrostatic force in the left direction is generated, resulting in a braking force and thus a reverse rotational force.

    One of the features of the present invention is that, as described above in [0047], the electrode configuration of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator (the first embodiment of the present invention) and the electric field parallel movement type electrostatic motor (the second embodiment of the present invention) The arrangement is very similar as shown in FIG. Therefore, the electric field drive type electrostatic generator can be switched to the electric field parallel movement type electrostatic motor only by switching the applied voltage. Specifically, in FIG. 27A, the voltage (−3000 V) applied to the collection electrode 4 need only be grounded. As a result, it can be seen that the same electrode arrangement as that of the electrostatic motor shown in FIG. In this case, an electric field is not formed between the newly grounded electrode and the original ground electrode, resulting in a wasteful region, and the output is reduced correspondingly, but this is a simple method.

Of course, some additional parts are required to extract the output of the motor to the outside. However, if you only rotate yourself, that is, the inductor disk, you do not need any additional parts. For example, when restarting electrostatic power generation from a stopped state, it is very smooth when the motor function is first used to increase the rotation to a target rotation speed, for example, 1000 rpm, and then switched to the power generation function. Even in the power generation function, all the energy obtained in the design is not allocated to the power generation, and is left in the motor function to some extent, so it can be started even if it suddenly enters the power generation function.
In addition, this switching method can be carried out without any problems even if electrets are used instead of the high voltage electrodes.

There is also a method in which a voltage applied to each electrode of an electric field drive type electrostatic generator is praised to make an electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor. That is, as shown in FIG. 41, the voltage of the charge injection electrode 2 and the charge recovery electrode 4 of the upper fixed electrode disk is switched to the voltage of the high voltage electrode 1, and the voltage of the high voltage electrode 1 and the charge recovery electrode 4 of the lower fixed electrode disk is changed. This is a method of switching the voltage to the voltage of the charge injection electrode 2, that is, grounding. As a result, an electric field from the top to the bottom is formed between the upper fixed electrode disk and the lower fixed electrode disk. This state is similar to the state of the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor of Patent Document 3 introduced in [0042] (see FIG. 22). As a result, a rightward electrostatic force acts on each moving element shown in FIG. 41, and the moving element disk starts to rotate.
Similar to the tenth embodiment, this method is effective when the electrostatic generator is temporarily used as an electrostatic motor and also when the electrostatic generator is rapidly started up.
Note that this method cannot be executed when an electret is used as a high pressure generation source. This is because the electret cannot be grounded.

    On the other hand, although it is possible to switch the electric field parallel movement type electrostatic motor to the electric field drive type electrostatic generator, it cannot be performed only by switching the voltage of one electrode. As shown in FIG. 42, every other pair of the ground electrode 2 and the high-voltage electrode 1, it is necessary to make both electrodes into the collection electrode 4, that is, to change the applied voltage from 0V and 61500V to −3000V, respectively. For this purpose, the ground electrode 2 and the high-voltage electrode 1 are originally required to be separated from each other for each pair.

The reason why it is necessary to generate electric power with the electrostatic motor is that it is necessary to compensate for the leakage current from the high voltage electrode. Of course, this is not necessary when it is connected to an external power supply, but when using an internal high-voltage power supply, the leakage must be compensated. Since the amount is expected to be very small (nA order), instead of switching all the electrodes to the power generation mode, a part of the upper and lower fixed electrode disks 11 and 12 is replaced with the power generation electrode arrangement, and the moving disk 10 It seems that it is better to make a comprehensive decision to generate electricity little by little for each rotation.
Further, in the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor of the fourth embodiment using the fixed electrodes 11 and 12 of the upper and lower single plates shown in FIG. 23, it is impossible to switch the applied voltage to generate electrostatic electricity. Therefore, in this case as well, it is realistic to leave a part of the upper and lower fixed electrodes and incorporate the electrodes for electrostatic power generation there.

  Illustration of Coulomb's law   A bird's-eye view of the basic plate that makes up 19 conductors with different shapes   Side view showing basic board placement angle   Side view of 19 conductors with different shapes (Part 1)   Side view of 19 conductors with different shapes (Part 2)   Layout diagram of electrodes and conductors for simulating electrostatic force acting on 19 conductors with different shapes   Schematic diagram showing the direction of electrostatic force acting on the surface of the basic plate arranged at four angles   Graph showing the magnitude of electrostatic force acting on 19 charged conductors with different shapes   Graph showing the magnitude of electrostatic force acting on 19 charged conductors when the electric field is reversed   Graph showing the difference in magnitude of electrostatic force acting on 19 charged conductors before and after electric field reversal   Schematic diagram showing the electric field around the Λ-type and T-type charged conductors   Schematic diagram showing the state of the electric field around the Λ-type and -type charged conductors   Graph showing the direction of electrostatic force acting on 19 charged conductors with different shapes   Schematic diagram showing the electric field around the Λ-type and \ -type charged conductors   Illustration of Van de Graaff type electrostatic generator (conventional example)   Basic principle diagram of old and new electrostatic generators   Schematic diagram showing the electrode arrangement of one unit of an electric field driven electrostatic generator (conventional example)   A graph showing the electrostatic force that the charge carrier of the electric field driven electrostatic generator receives from the electric field in the process from the injection electrode to the recovery electrode (conventional example)   Schematic diagram showing the configuration of an electric field driven electrostatic generator (conventional example)   Schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the electrodes of the electric field translational electrostatic motor (conventional example)   Graph showing the electrostatic force received from the electric field during the process of moving the cup-type charging mover from the left ground electrode to the right ground electrode (conventional example)   Schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the electrodes of an electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor (conventional example)   Schematic diagram showing the configuration of an electric field vertical displacement electrostatic motor (conventional example)   Side view of П-type charge carrier and Λ-type charge carrier   Schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a П-type charge carrier and a Λ-type charge carrier in one unit of an electric field driven electrostatic generator   Graph showing electrostatic force acting on forward and reverse electric fields on П-type charge carrier and Λ-type charge carrier in one unit of electric field driven electrostatic generator   Schematic diagram showing the electrode arrangement of an electric field translational electrostatic motor and an electric field driven electrostatic generator   Schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a П-type charge carrier and a Λ-type charge carrier in one unit of an electric field translational electrostatic motor   A graph showing electrostatic force acting on a П-type charge carrier and a Λ-type charge carrier in a forward electric field and a reverse electric field in one unit of an electric field translational electrostatic motor   Side view of charge carrier of electric field reverse drive type electrostatic generator   A graph showing electrostatic force acting in a forward electric field and a reverse electric field on a charge carrier with or without a back shield plate in one unit of an electric field reverse drive type electrostatic generator   Side view of П-type mover and Λ-type mover placed in one unit of electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor   Graph showing the horizontal electrostatic force acting on the П-type mover and the Λ-type mover in one unit of the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor   A graph showing the amount of charge applied to the Λ-type movable element of the electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor and the horizontal (right) and vertical electrostatic forces applied to the Λ-type movable element   Graph showing the relationship between the applied voltage and the amount of charge injected into the Λ-type mover in an electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor   Side view of a vertical Λ mover for an electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor   Side view of oblique N-type moving element having brake function for electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor   Schematic diagram showing surface charge distribution in forward / reverse electric field of oblique N-type mover   Side view of another shape mover with brake function for electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor   Side view of upper / lower separation mover with brake function   Explanatory drawing of the method of changing the voltage applied to each electrode of an electric field drive type electrostatic generator to make an electric field vertical movement type electrostatic motor   Explanatory drawing of the method of switching the electric field translation type electrostatic motor to the electric field drive type electrostatic generator

1. Electric field forming electrode 1E, electret 2, injection (ground) electrode 2L, left injection (ground) electrode 2R, right ground electrode 2M, middle ground electrode 21, central hole 22 of injection (ground) electrode, injection (ground) electrode Yarn electrode for charge injection provided in
3. Moving body (charge carrier / moving element)
31, central main plate 32 of electric field reverse drive type electrostatic generator charge carrier, left diagonal plate 33 of electric field reverse drive type electrostatic generator charge carrier, electric field reverse drive type electrostatic generator charge carrier The right diagonal plate 34, the back shield plate 4 of the electric charge carrier for the electric field reverse drive type electrostatic generator, the charge collection electrode 10, the charge carrier / mover disc 11, the upper electrode, the upper fixed electrode disc 12, the lower Electrode, lower fixed electrode disk 14, rotating shaft 20, insulating support

Claims (20)

  An electrostatic application device such as an electrostatic generator, an electrostatic motor, or an electrostatic accelerator that uses an electrostatic force acting on a charged or uncharged asymmetric conductor placed in an electric field. An electrostatic application device using a conductor having a shape in which an electric field is concentrated on a surface or an electric field is concentrated on a surface in a traveling direction and the back surface is easily shielded electrically.   In Claim 1, the shape of the advancing direction of this conductor is a convex type.   3. The shape of the conductor in the traveling direction according to claim 2, wherein the shape is a Λ shape or a conical shape.   2. The method according to claim 1, wherein an appropriate amount of electric charge is applied to the conductor to generate an upward electrostatic force slightly larger than gravity applied to the conductor, thereby electrostatically levitating the conductor.   2. The electrostatic motor moving element traveling in the vertical direction of the electric field according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the mover is a Λ type, and the two oblique surfaces above and below the traveling direction are electrically insulated from each other, each having a different polarity charge. Be injected.   6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the amount of electric charge applied to the upper and lower oblique surfaces is varied to generate an upward electrostatic force slightly larger than gravity applied to the moving element, thereby electrostatically levitating the moving element.   In claim 1, by injecting electric charge into the conductor, moving in a direction perpendicular to the electric field, and if necessary, by reversing the voltage applied to the fixed electrode forming the electric field, thereby reversing the direction of the electric field, An electrostatic motor that reverses the direction of electrostatic force applied to the conductor, applies a brake, and maintains the electric field to move the conductor in the reverse direction.   8. The shape of the conductor according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the conductor is Λ-type, and two oblique surfaces above and below the traveling direction are electrically insulated from each other, and charges of different polarities are injected into each.   8. The shape of the conductor according to claim 7, wherein the conductor has two oblique surfaces that descend in the traveling direction on the upper side and the lower side, or on the forefront and the rear surface in the traveling direction.   10. The N-shaped conductor according to claim 9, wherein an oblique portion in the middle thereof is arranged so as to be parallel to the vertical direction of the electric field.   According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, rhombus-shaped conductors are used and arranged so that their parallel planes are in the direction of the electric field or the direction perpendicular to the electric field.   8. The shape of the conductor according to claim 7, wherein the conductor has two oblique surfaces that are electrically connected and descend in the traveling direction on the front and rear surfaces in the traveling direction, and are electrically connected. The two diagonal surfaces rising in the traveling direction are provided on the front and rear surfaces in the traveling direction, and charges of different polarities are respectively injected. 2. A charge injection electrode, a high voltage generation source (high voltage application electrode or electret), and a charge recovery electrode sandwiching a rotating disk in which a plurality of charge carriers having a shape in which an electric field concentrates on a surface in a traveling direction. In the electrostatic generator composed of a plurality of fixed upper and lower disks arranged in a plurality, the voltage applied to the charge recovery electrode is switched to the voltage applied to the charge injection electrode, and the electrode arrangement is made the same as the electrostatic motor, The function of the electrostatic motor is exhibited by rotating the rotating disk. In claim 13, at the time of starting up the electrostatic generator, the voltage applied to the charge recovery electrode is switched to the voltage applied to the charge injection electrode so that the electrode arrangement is the same as that of the electrostatic motor, and the rotating disk is An electrostatic power generation method comprising rotating until a necessary number of rotations is reached, and then starting electrostatic power generation by returning the voltage applied to the charge recovery electrode to the original state. 2. A charge injection electrode, a high voltage generation source (high voltage application electrode or electret), and a charge recovery electrode sandwiching a rotating disk in which a plurality of charge carriers having a shape in which an electric field concentrates on a surface in a traveling direction. In an electrostatic generator composed of a plurality of upper and lower fixed disks arranged in parallel, different voltages (including grounding) are applied to all electrodes of the upper fixed disk and the lower fixed disk, respectively. In the meantime, a uniform electric field is generated in the vertical direction, an electrostatic force perpendicular to the electric field is applied to all charge carriers, and the rotating disk is rotated to exert the function of the electrostatic motor. 16. The vertical direction according to claim 15, wherein different voltages (including grounding) are applied to all the electrodes of the upper fixed disk and the lower fixed disk when the electrostatic generator is started up, A uniform electric field is generated, an electrostatic force perpendicular to the electric field is applied to all charge carriers, and the rotating disk is rotated until the required number of rotations is reached. An electrostatic power generation method, wherein electrostatic power generation is started by applying a voltage as each original electrostatic generator. The upper and lower fixed disks according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of pairs of ground electrodes and high-voltage application electrodes are arranged across a rotating disk in which a plurality of movable elements each having a shape in which an electric field concentrates on a surface in a traveling direction. In the configured electrostatic motor, every other set of ground electrode and high voltage application electrode, the voltage applied to both electrodes is switched to the voltage applied to the charge recovery electrode of the electrostatic generator, and the electrode arrangement is electrostatically generated. Make the electrostatic generator function the same as the machine. 2. An electrostatic motor composed of upper and lower fixed disks sandwiching a rotating disk in which a plurality of movable elements each having a shape in which an electric field concentrates on a surface in a traveling direction is sandwiched, a part of the upper and lower fixed disks A plurality of charge injection electrodes, high voltage generation sources (high voltage application electrodes or electrets), and charge collection electrodes are arranged here, and in this region, power generation is performed using the mover as a charge carrier. Electrostatic motor. The electrostatic charge acting in the same direction as the direction of the electric field or the positive polarity is applied to the charge carrier charged in negative polarity by electrically shielding the back surface in the traveling direction of the charge carrier in claim 1. An electrostatic generator that moves the charge carrier by applying an electrostatic force acting in a direction opposite to the direction of the electric field to the charge carrier. The thin conductive plate according to claim 19, wherein a thin conductive plate is provided in parallel with the electric field on the back surface in the traveling direction of the charge carrier.