JP2022133444A - 癌を処置するための方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
i)細胞の多能性能力を維持するような条件の存在において、増殖工程の間に前記集団中の抗原のMHC-I提示を誘導する薬剤の存在において多能性細胞を増殖させる;
ii)増殖した細胞を、細胞を不活性化する不活性化剤に曝露する;
iii)増殖した不活性化細胞を回収し、コンディショニングする。
特定の実施形態において、細胞エンベロープの完全性は工程ii)において維持される。
別の実施形態において、細胞を不活性化し、細胞由来産物、例えば細胞抽出物などを得る。
上記の方法に従って製造された細胞組成物は、本明細書中に開示する方法に従って、癌処置のために使用することができる。
そのような薬剤は当技術分野において公知であり、特にヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤(HDACi)を引用することができる。この活性を有する多くの産物が当技術分野において公知であり、これらのHDACiの中でも、特にバルプロエート(VPA又はバルプロ酸、CAS番号99-66-1)を引用することができる。使用できる(VPAと同じ作用機序である)他のHDACiは、特に、ボリノスタット、ロミデプシン・キダミド、パノビノスタット、ベリノスタット、パノビノスタット、モセチノスタット、アベキシノスタット、エンチノスタット、SB939、レスミノスタット、ジビノスタット、又はキジノスタットである。
これらの薬剤は、多能性細胞の増殖の間に細胞培養(増殖)培地中に存在する。
胚性抗原が多能性細胞表面上により多く提示されるほど、これらの抗原の少なくとも1つが癌細胞の表面にも存在する可能性が増加し、それは、次に、本発明のワクチン組成物により予備刺激されうる免疫系により認識及び標的化される。
それ故に、本明細書中に開示する方法により得られた本発明に従った組成物の細胞の多能性の維持によって、多種多様な胚性抗原の提示に、このように、本明細書中に開示する処置方法における本発明のワクチン組成物の偏在性の効力に導かれる。
多能性を維持するような条件における細胞の増殖は、当技術分野において公知である。それは、特に、現在までに記載されているすべてのiPSC増殖プロトコルにおいて記載されている(Shi Y and al, Nat Rev Drug Discovery 2017; Chen KG and al Cell Stem Cell. 2014)。以下の条件を使用する場合が好ましい:
-場合によりVPA及び/又は変異原薬剤(例えばENUなど、以下を参照のこと)を補充した、E8培地又はすべての臨床グレードのES/iPSC培地の使用。
-低酸素状態を伴う又は伴わない37℃の温度。
-VPA(0.1mM~5mM)及び/又はENU(0.1μg/ml~100μg/ml)及び/又はp53阻害剤及び/又は細胞生存を増強する化合物(例えばY-27632 Rock阻害剤など)の添加を伴う同じ培地を使用した毎日の培地の交換。
細胞を一般的に8週間にわたり培養し、90%の最適密度を、酵素的剥離(コラゲナーゼ、トリプシン)を使用した週1回の定期的な継代により維持する。
-DNA破損及び他の損傷を起こしうる電離放射線(例えばX線、ガンマ線、及びアルファ粒子など)。特に、コバルト60及びセシウム137からの放射線を引用することができる。照射線のレベルは、細胞の不活性化のために使用されるレベルよりずっと低くなければならず、当業者により設計されることができる。
-波長が260nmを上回る紫外光線(未修正のままにすると複製においてエラーを起こしうる)。
-又は放射性崩壊(例えばDNA中の14Cなど)。
-反応性酸素種(ROS)、例えばスーパーオキシド、ヒドロキシルラジカル、過酸化水素など;
-シトシンをウラシルに変換することによりトランジション変異を起こすことができる脱アミノ剤(例えば亜硝酸など);
-多環式芳香族炭化水素(PAH)(ジオール-エポキシドに活性化された場合、DNAに結合することができる);
-アルキル化剤、例えばエチルニトロソウレア(ENU、CAS番号759-73-9)、マスタードガス、又は塩化ビニルなど;
-芳香族アミン及びアミド、例えば2-アセチルアミノフルオレンなど;
-植物からのアルカロイド、例えばビンカ種からのアルカロイドなど;
-臭素及び臭素を含む一部の化合物;
-アジ化ナトリウム;
-ブレオマイシン;
-紫外線と組み合わせたソラレン;
-ベンゼン;
-複製の間にDNA塩基を置換し、トランジション変異を起こすことができる塩基類似体;
-挿入剤、例えば臭化エチジウム、プロフラビン、ダウノルビシンなど;
-金属、例えばヒ素、カドミウム、クロム、ニッケル、及び変異原性であるそれらの化合物。
i)例えば、炎症性毛細血管拡張症、ブルーム症候群、コケイン症候群、ファンコニ貧血、ヴェルナー症候群、色素性乾皮症、ナイメーメン破損症候群を含むDNA修復疾患;
ii)ゲノム不安定性を伴う遺伝性家族性癌症候群、例えばリンチ症候群(MLH1、MSH2、MSH6、PMS1、及びPMS2を含むMMR遺伝子中に変異を伴う遺伝性非ポリポーシス結腸直腸癌)、TP53遺伝子又はCHEK2中に変異を伴うリ・フラウメニ、BRCA1/2遺伝子中に欠損又は変異を伴う遺伝性乳癌及び卵巣癌(HBOC)症候群、APC遺伝子中に変異を伴う家族性腺腫様ポリポーシス(FAP)など;
iii)転座(T9;22)を伴うCMLのような体細胞発癌誘導性ゲノム不安定性。
本明細書において得られる集団は、このように、特に以下である:
-細胞が多能性である(即ち、多能性のマーカーを持つ)。
-上に示すように、集団中の細胞のゲノムにおいて複数の差異があり、即ち、集団の細胞内で上に列挙する変異遺伝子の率(上に示す通り)を検出することが可能である。
i)ゲノム改変によりESC又はIPSC中に遺伝的に導入された少なくとも>3(上で見たように、又はそれ以上)の癌関連ネオ抗原変異。
ii)癌ゲノムに限定され、変異原薬剤により誘導される、培養胚性多能性幹細胞における選択的利点により濃縮された変異型の組み合わせ。
定性的基準は以下を含む:
-変異誘発後のESC又はIPSゲノム中でのそれらの存在及び同様の培養継代において変異誘発を伴わないESC又はIPSC中でのそれらの非存在に関する、獲得された新規分子体性変化(変異、CNV、又はSNV)の同定。
-癌ゲノム(データベース、即ち、TCGA、ICGC、COSMICから)中の、ならびに多能性遺伝子及び胚経路(多能性遺伝子、即ち、Plurinet遺伝子に従う)中に存在するそれらの重複検出による各々の新規変異(即ち、非同義語、ナンセンス、スプライス変異体、CNV、SNV)の分類。
-全ゲノム中でのこれらの新規体細胞変異(偽発見率の信頼値FDR≦0.05)及び新規CNV/SNV(FDR<10%)の保有率を、各々のESC又はIPSについて定義する。
-少なくとも>3の異なる遺伝子中の検証された変異の存在。
-クローンの選択及び増殖後の又は継代数に関する少なくとも>0.1%、又は上で見られる他のパーセンテージ、50%までからの対立遺伝子頻度を伴う各々の新規の安定した体細胞変異の変異率(50×深度から100×深度まで、及び標的エクソームカバー率の80~98%)。
-変異誘発又は遺伝子改変前に入力ESC又はIPSCと比較して少なくとも>90%の発現率を伴う多能性マーカーの発現及び遺伝子発現ベースのアッセイ(PluriTest)。
-HDACi、特にVPAの非存在において増殖させた細胞集団と比較して、少なくとも50%、一般的には90%まで増加した細胞表面でのMHC I分子の発現(例えば、FACSにより決定する)。
乳房/卵巣:BRCA1、BRCA2、PALB2、RAD51
リンチ症候群:MLH1、MSH2、MSH6、PMS2、EPCAM
遺伝性乳頭状腎細胞癌:FH、MET
カウデン病:PTEN、PIK3CA
ファンコニ病:FANC
フォン・ヒッペル-リンダウ病:VHL
悪性メラノーマ:CDKN2A、MITF、BAP1、CDK4
内分泌腫瘍:MEN1、RET、CDKN1B
神経線維腫症:NF1、NF2、LZTR1、SMARCB1、SPRED1
遺伝性褐色細胞腫パラガリウム:SDH、TMEM127、MAX、EPAS1
家族性腺腫性ポリープ症:APC、MUTYH
網膜芽腫:RB1
バート・ホッグ・デュベ症候群:FLCN
ブルーム症候群:BLM
カーニー症候群:PRKAR1A
ゴーリン症候群:PTCH1
リ・フラウメニ症候群:TP53、CHEK2
ナイメーヘン症候群:NBN
ポイツ・ジェガース症候群:STK11
家族性若年性ポリポーシス:BMPR1A、SMAD4
色素性乾皮症:XP
このリストは限定的ではない。
4T1及び4T1マンモスフィア(TNFα及びTGFbによる処理により誘導されたCSC)上のMHCクラスIの発現は、2mMのVPAを用いた24時間から72時間の曝露後に2~3倍増加する。
Claims (41)
- i)ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤(HDACi)及びii)免疫原性要素を含むワクチン組成物の治療量を同時に、別々に、又は連続的に被験体に投与する工程を含む、被験体を処置する方法。
- ワクチン組成物の投与後に一定期間にわたりHDACiを投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ワクチン組成物中の免疫原性要素が、以下からなる群より選択される、請求項1又は2記載の方法:
a.目的の抗原
b.組成物の細胞が目的の抗原を発現する、細胞組成物からの抽出物
c.組成物の細胞が目的の抗原を発現する細胞組成物
d.目的の抗原によりインビトロで予備刺激された抗原提示細胞を含む細胞組成物
e.目的の抗原を提示する抗原提示細胞への曝露により目的の抗原に対してインビトロで予備刺激されたT細胞リンパ球。 - 目的の抗原が癌細胞により発現される抗原、特に癌細胞により発現されるネオ抗原である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 処置が治療的処置である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 処置が予防的処置である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 以下の工程を含む細胞組成物を製造するための方法:
i)増殖工程の間に集団中の抗原のMHC-I提示を誘導する薬剤の存在において、細胞の多能性能力を維持するような条件の存在において多能性細胞を増殖させる
ii)細胞エンベロープの完全性を維持しながら、細胞を不活性化する不活性化剤に増殖細胞を曝露すること
iii)増殖した不活性化細胞を回収し、コンディショニングすること。 - 多能性細胞の集団が、ヒト胚性幹細胞、誘導性多能性幹細胞(iPS)、同種、異種、自己、又は同系幹細胞からなる群より選択される、請求項7記載の方法。
- 多能性細胞が、集団の細胞において遺伝子の変異誘発を誘導するように、増殖の間に変異原性薬剤に曝露される、請求項7又は8記載の方法。
- 変異原性薬剤が、化学的変異原性薬剤及び放射線変異原性薬剤(X線、紫外線)からなる群より選択される、請求項9記載の方法。
- 変異原性薬剤が、ENU、活性酸素種、脱アミノ化剤、多環式芳香族炭化水素、芳香族アミン、及びアジ化ナトリウムからなる群より選択される、請求項7~10のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 変異原性薬剤が、アルキル化剤、特にENUであり、変異原性薬剤への多能性細胞の曝露が、少なくとも15日間、より好ましくは少なくとも30日間、さらにより好ましくは少なくとも45日間、より好ましくは少なくとも60日間の期間にわたり実施される、請求項9記載の方法。
- 抗原のMHC-I提示を誘導する薬剤が、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤(HDACi)である、請求項7~12のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤が、バルプロ酸(VPA)、ボリノスタット、パノビノスタット、ジビノスタット、ベリノスタット、エンチノスタット、モセチノスタット、プラシノスタット(Practinostat)、チダミド、キシノスタット、及びアベキシノスタットからなる群より選択される、請求項13記載の方法。
- 組成物が、DNAメチルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤、特に5-アザシチジンを含む、請求項7~14のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 細胞が、致死量の放射線への曝露により不活性化される、請求項7~15のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 回収が、適当な緩衝液中で細胞を洗浄し、再懸濁する工程を含む、請求項7~16のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- コンディショニングが、細胞を凍結又は凍結乾燥する工程を含む、請求項7~17のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 集団中の細胞が、増殖後に、TP53、P2RY8、CRLF2、CRTC3、BLM、ASXL1、IDH2、NTRK3、MALAT1、EXT1、NCOA2、IKF1、PIK3R1、EP300,AKT2、PPP2R1A、CDK12、BRCA1、ERB2、CDH1、TBX3、SMARCD1、HSP90AA1、EZH2、SUZ12、STAT5B、及びPOUF5F1からなる群より選択される少なくとも3つの遺伝子において少なくとも0.1%の変異率を提示する、多能性細胞を含む細胞の組成物。
- 以下を含むワクチン組成物:
a.多能性細胞集団及び
b.ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤。 - 多能性細胞が変異誘発された多能性細胞を含む、請求項20記載のワクチン組成物。
- 癌に苦しむ被験体の処置のためのその使用のための、請求項20又は21記載のワクチン組成物。
- 癌が幹細胞のシグネチャーを有する(胚性抗原を発現する)、請求項22記載のその使用のためのワクチン組成物。
- 請求項20~23のいずれか一項記載のワクチン組成物及び免疫化のための説明を提供する情報パンフレットを含むキット。
- 複合調製物としての、i)多能性細胞の集団及びii)MHC発現及び/又は免疫応答を活性化する化合物の治療量を同時に、別々に、又は連続的に被験体に投与する工程を含む、癌に苦しむ被験体を処置する方法。
- 多能性細胞の集団が、ヒト胚性幹細胞、誘導性多能性幹細胞(iPS)、同種、異種、自己、又は同系幹細胞からなる群より選択される、請求項25記載の方法。
- 癌が、胚性抗原を発現する癌からなる群より選択される、請求項25又は26記載の方法。
- 癌が、膀胱癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、胆管癌、結腸直腸癌、胃肉腫、神経膠腫、肺癌、リンパ腫、急性及び慢性リンパ性ならびに骨髄性白血病、黒色腫、多発性骨髄腫、骨肉腫、卵巣癌、膵臓癌、前立腺癌、胃癌、腎臓癌、頭頸部腫瘍、及び固形腫瘍からなる群より選択される、請求項25~27のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 多能性細胞が、MHC発現及び/又は免疫応答を刺激する化合物を過剰発現するように遺伝的に改変されている、請求項25~28のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- MHC発現及び/又は免疫応答を刺激する化合物が、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子(G-CSF)、インターフェロンガンマ(IFN-ガンマ)、インターロイキン2(IL-2)、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項29記載の方法。
- 多能性細胞が、変異原性薬剤を用いて処理されている、請求項25~30のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 患者への免疫チェックポイント阻害剤の投与をさらに含む、請求項24~31のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 患者に化学療法を適用することをさらに含む、請求項25~31のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 患者に放射線療法を適用することをさらに含む、請求項25~31のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 患者に化学療法及び放射線療法の両方を適用することをさらに含む、請求項25~31のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 多能性細胞の投与が皮下注射により実施される、請求項25~35のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 多能性細胞の集団の投与後、一定期間にわたりヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤を投与する工程も含む、請求項25~36のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 期間が3日間と3週間の間を含む、請求項37記載の方法。
- MHC発現及び/又は免疫応答を活性化する化合物がヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤である、請求項25~38のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- MHC発現の活性化因子がバルプロ酸である、請求項25~39のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- MHC発現の活性化因子がDNAメチルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤である、請求項25~38のいずれか一項記載の方法。
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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STEM CELLS, vol. 30, no. 11, JPN6021018621, 2012, pages 2366 - 2377, ISSN: 0005129135 * |
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CN116376812A (zh) | 2023-07-04 |
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AU2017270234A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
US20210162031A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
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US11458194B2 (en) | 2022-10-04 |
CA3025057A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
CN109689089A (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
BR112018074192A2 (pt) | 2019-08-13 |
JP2019516754A (ja) | 2019-06-20 |
IL263224A (en) | 2018-12-31 |
KR20240103039A (ko) | 2024-07-03 |
JP7563872B2 (ja) | 2024-10-08 |
KR20190032295A (ko) | 2019-03-27 |
WO2017202949A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
IL305882A (en) | 2023-11-01 |
US20220370582A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
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