JP2022017425A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022017425A JP2022017425A JP2021176656A JP2021176656A JP2022017425A JP 2022017425 A JP2022017425 A JP 2022017425A JP 2021176656 A JP2021176656 A JP 2021176656A JP 2021176656 A JP2021176656 A JP 2021176656A JP 2022017425 A JP2022017425 A JP 2022017425A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 7
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-hexadecylthiophene-2-carbohydrazide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNNC(=O)c1cccs1 HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N as-o-xylenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005466 carboxylated polyvinylchloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000973 polyvinylchloride carboxylated Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
[化学式1]
LiaCoxM1-xO2
(前記化学式1中、0.9≦a≦1.05、0.8≦x≦1.0、Mは、Ni、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、V、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Cu、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、La、およびCeより選択される少なくとも一つの金属元素である。)
[化学式2]
LiaNixCoyMzO2
(前記化学式2中、0.9≦a≦1.05、0.4≦x≦0.95、0.1≦y≦0.3、0.1≦z≦0.3、x+y+z=1、Mは、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、V、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Cu、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、La、およびCeより選択される少なくとも一つの金属元素である。)
[化学式1]
LiaCoxM1-xO2
(前記化学式1中、0.9≦a≦1.05、0.8≦x≦1.0、Mは、Ni、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、V、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Cu、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、La、およびCeより選択される少なくとも一つの金属元素である。)
[化学式2]
LiaNixCoyMzO2
(前記化学式2中、0.9≦a≦1.05、0.4≦x≦0.95、0.1≦y≦0.3、0.1≦z≦0.3、x+y+z=1、Mは、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、V、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Cu、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、La、およびCeより選択される少なくとも一つの金属元素である。)
(正極活物質製造)
リチウムカーボネート(Li2CO3)およびニッケル系遷移金属水酸化物であるNi0.55Co0.25Mn0.20(OH)2を、Li:(Ni+Co+Mn)が1.01:1.00のモル比になるように混合して第1混合物を製造した。この時、Ni0.55Co0.25Mn0.20(OH)2は、組成が同一で互いに異なる粒径を有する大粒径のニッケル系リチウム遷移金属水酸化物および小粒径のニッケル系リチウム遷移金属水酸化物を8:2の重量比で混合したものである。
前記正極活物質94重量%、ケッチェンブラック3重量%、およびポリフッ化ビニリデン3重量%をN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中で混合して正極活物質スラリーを製造した。前記正極活物質スラリーをAl箔にコーティング、乾燥および圧延して正極を製造した。
製造された正極、リチウム金属対極および電解質を使用し、通常の方法で2032型の半電池を製造した。前記電解質としては、1.0M LiPF6が溶解されたエチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートの混合溶媒(50:50の体積比)を使用した。
第1焼成物にCo(OH)2を、最終生成物である正極活物質の総量100重量%を基準にして、ナノサイズのコバルト系リチウム遷移金属酸化物が10重量%で含まれるように調節して混合したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を製造し、このように製造された正極活物質を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、正極および半電池を製造した。
商品名NCM622(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2、ユミコア社製)を正極活物質として使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、正極および半電池を製造した。
第1焼成物にCo(OH)2の代わりに平均粒径D50が4.5μmであるCo3O4を、最終生成物である正極活物質の総量100重量%を基準にしてコバルト酸化物が5重量%で含まれるように調節して混合し、これを20L Powder Mixerに入れて2400rpmで5分間混合して乾式コーティングしたことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を製造し、このように製造された正極活物質を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、正極および半電池を製造した。
第1焼成物にCo(OH)2の代わりに平均粒径D50が4.5μmであるCo3O4を、最終生成物である正極活物質の総量100重量%を基準にしてコバルト酸化物が10重量%で含まれるように調節して混合し、これを20L Powder Mixerに入れて2400rpmで5分間混合して乾式コーティングしたことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を製造し、このように製造された正極活物質を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、正極および半電池を製造した。
Co(OH)2を、最終生成物である正極活物質の総量100重量%を基準にしてコバルト系リチウム遷移金属酸化物が15重量%で含まれるように調節して混合したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、正極活物質、正極および半電池を製造した。
Ni0.55Co0.25Mn0.20(OH)2として、小粒径ではなく大粒径の2次粒子のみを使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、正極活物質、正極および半電池を製造した。
実施例1、2、比較例1~比較例3、参考例1および2で製造された正極活物質および正極を使用して、正極活物質のペレット密度および極板合剤密度を測定して下記表1に示す。
EDS(Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy)測定写真
実施例1で製造された正極活物質の断面をEDSで分析して、正極活物質の内部(コア)および表面(表面層)にNi、Co、Mnが良好に分布していることを確認し、ニッケル系リチウム遷移金属酸化物の2次粒子の各地点(spot)の原子(atomic)mol%を測定した。そのうちCo元素が分布している正極活物質の断面のEDS写真を測定して図2に示す。
実施例1、2および比較例1~3で製造された半電池を0.2Cで1回充放電した後、同様の方法で2回充放電した。図3aは、1回微分容量(dQ/dV)-電圧充電曲線を測定して示す図であり、図3bは、前記1回微分容量(dQ/dV)-電圧充電曲線を電圧範囲3.8~4.0Vの部分だけを拡大して示すグラフである。
実施例1、2、比較例1~比較例3、参考例1および2で製造された半電池を0.2Cで1回充放電して、充電容量、放電容量および充放電効率を求めた。この結果を下記表2に示す。
実施例1、2、比較例1~比較例3、参考例1および2で製造された半電池を高温(45℃)、定電流-定電圧条件で1.0C(1C=160mAh/g)、4.3Vカット-オフおよび4.3V、0.05Cカット-オフで充電し、定電流条件で1.0C、3.0Vカット-オフで放電することを1サイクルとした。総100サイクルの充放電を実施して、サイクルごとに放電容量を測定した。下記数式1により計算された100thサイクルでの容量維持率を下記表3に示し、高温サイクル寿命のグラフを図4に示す。
[数式1]
100thサイクルでの容量維持率[%]=[100thサイクルでの放電容量/1stサイクルでの放電容量]×100
20:負極
30:セパレータ
40:電極組立体
50:電池ケース
100:リチウム二次電池
Claims (20)
- 複数の1次粒子が凝集した2次粒子を含むニッケル系リチウム遷移金属酸化物を含み、
前記2次粒子は、コアおよびコアを取り囲む表面層を含み、
前記2次粒子のコアは複数の1次粒子を含み、
前記2次粒子の表面層は、複数の1次粒子を含み、前記表面層は、前記1次粒子の間にコバルト系リチウム遷移金属酸化物を含み、
前記2次粒子の表面層は、前記2次粒子の表面から200nmの深さに該当する領域である、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記2次粒子は、平均粒径D50が2μm~5μmである小粒径の2次粒子と平均粒径が15μm~20μmである大粒径の2次粒子とを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コバルト系リチウム遷移金属酸化物の平均粒径は100nm~200nmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コバルト系リチウム遷移金属酸化物の含有量は、正極活物質の総量100重量%を基準にして5~15重量%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コバルト系リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質:
[化学式1]
LiaCoxM1-xO2
(前記化学式1中、0.9≦a≦1.05、0.8≦x≦1.0、Mは、Ni、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、V、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Cu、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、La、およびCeより選択される少なくとも一つの金属元素である。) - 前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池の微分容量(dQ/dV)-電圧の充電曲線は、3.8V~4.0Vの範囲でピーク値を持たない、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記ニッケル系リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式2で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質:
[化学式2]
LiaNixCoyMzO2
(前記化学式2中、0.9≦a≦1.05、0.4≦x≦0.95、0.1≦y≦0.3、0.1≦z≦0.3、x+y+z=1、Mは、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、V、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Cu、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、La、およびCeより選択される少なくとも一つの金属元素である。) - 前記大粒径の2次粒子と小粒径の2次粒子との混合比は、90:10~50:50の重量比である、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記小粒径の2次粒子は、針状型、板状型またはこれらの組み合わせの形態を有する、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、表面層上に存在するコバルト系リチウム遷移金属酸化物をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- ニッケル系遷移金属水酸化物およびリチウム塩を混合して第1混合物を製造し;
前記第1混合物を4℃/min~6℃/minの急速昇温条件で800°C~1000°Cで1次熱処理して残留リチウムを含有する第1焼成物を製造し;
前記第1焼成物にコバルト系遷移金属水酸化物を混合して750°C~950°Cで2次熱処理して、
請求項1に記載の正極活物質を得る、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記ニッケル系遷移金属水酸化物は、平均粒径が15μm~20μmである大粒径の2次粒子と、平均粒径が2μm~5μmである小粒径の2次粒子とを90:10~50:50の重量比で混合する、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1混合物でLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)のモル比は0.99以上である、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記急速昇温条件は、25℃~100℃から1次熱処理の反応温度である800℃~1000℃まで昇温する工程を含む、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次熱処理は、空気雰囲気または酸化性ガス雰囲気で1時間~4時間行われる、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記コバルト系遷移金属水酸化物はCo(OH)2である、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記コバルト系遷移金属水酸化物の平均粒径は100nm~200nmである、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム塩は、水酸化リチウム、炭酸リチウム、硫酸リチウムおよび硝酸リチウムの中から選択される少なくとも一つである、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記小粒径の2次粒子は、針状型、板状型またはこれらの組み合わせの形態を有する、請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の正極活物質を含む正極;
負極活物質を含む負極;および
電解質を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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CN111146413A (zh) | 2020-05-12 |
JP2020072092A (ja) | 2020-05-07 |
EP3647269A1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
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PL3647269T3 (pl) | 2024-08-19 |
JP7531471B2 (ja) | 2024-08-09 |
US20200144610A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
JP7229145B2 (ja) | 2023-02-27 |
CN111146413B (zh) | 2023-07-04 |
KR102263998B1 (ko) | 2021-06-11 |
US11417875B2 (en) | 2022-08-16 |
EP3647269B1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
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