JP2022009048A - 炭化水素から水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス - Google Patents
炭化水素から水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 150
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 130
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 75
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 11
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-NJFSPNSNSA-N Carbon-14 Chemical compound [14C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 6
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005456 ore beneficiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004846 x-ray emission Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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Abstract
【解決手段】炭化水素ガスから水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセスであり、600℃と1,000℃との間で触媒を炭化水素ガスに接触させて炭化水素ガスの少なくとも一部を水素及び黒鉛状炭素に触媒的に変換することを含み、触媒が低品位な酸化鉄であるプロセスである。さらに、鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法であって、600℃と1,000℃との間で鉱石を含有する触媒金属を炭化水素ガスに接触させて炭素被覆金属種を形成することを含む、方法である。
【選択図】なし
Description
CH4→C+2H2 (1)
本発明の第二の形態においては、触媒は流動床反応器内に吊るされ、炭化水素ガスが流動床に流される。
第一の反応器は、15バールと25バールとの間の圧力にある。
第二の反応器は、0バールと1バールとの間の圧力にある。
第一の反応器は、15バールと25バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第二の反応器は、5バールと10バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第三の反応器は、0バールと1バールとの間の圧力にある。
第一の反応器は、20バールと30バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第二の反応器は、5バールと15バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第三の反応器は、4バールと6バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第四の反応器は、0バールと1バールとの間の圧力にある。
第一の反応器は、25バールと35バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第二の反応器は、10バールと20バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第三の反応器は、5バール10バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第四の反応器は、4バールと6バールとの間の圧力にあり、
第五の反応器は、0バールと1バールとの間の圧力にある。
鉱石を含有する触媒金属の少なくとも一部を触媒金属種に還元する工程と、
炭化水素ガスを分解して水素ガス及び触媒金属炭化物中間体を生成する工程と、
黒鉛状炭素を触媒金属の表面に沈殿させる工程と
を含む。
[実施例]
[実施例1]
[実験の詳細]
[実施例2]
対向流MPRを使用した熱触媒メタン分解
対向流
[実験の詳細]
[製品収量に対する圧力の効果]
[経験的な触媒流量の算出]
[平行MPR]
平行流MPRは、設計が簡易であること、及び段数と圧力の限界値を決定する制約が少ないことが利点である。
[対向流MPR]
ここで、P、R、及びTは、それぞれSTP圧力、気体定数、及び温度である。Q(・)CH4(I)は初期メタン送り量であり、ξRnは反応器‘n’でのでのTELであり、α及びβは炭素容量に対する圧力の効果に関する係数であり、KTは温度‘T’での平衡定数である。
[触媒の質量流量バランス]
[結果]
[実施例3]
鉄鉱石の選鉱
実験の詳細
C+2H2→CH4 (2)
Claims (25)
- 炭化水素ガスから水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセスであって、
600℃と1,000℃との間の温度において触媒を前記炭化水素ガスに接触させて前記炭化水素ガスの少なくとも一部を水素及び黒鉛状炭素に触媒的に変換することを含み、
前記触媒が、低品位な酸化鉄であることを特徴とするプロセス。 - 圧力が、大気圧より高い請求項1に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 圧力が、0バールから100バールである請求項1に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記温度が、700℃と950℃との間である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記温度が、800℃と900℃との間である請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記温度が、650℃と750℃との間である請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記炭化水素ガスが、メタンである請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記炭化水素ガスが、天然ガスである請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記触媒を前記炭化水素ガスに接触させる工程が、直列配置された複数の加圧反応器内で行われる請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記反応器の前記直列配置が、ガスが第一の前記反応器から後続の前記反応器に流れることを可能にし、前記直列における各後続の前記反応器が、先行する前記反応器よりも低い圧力で動作して前記ガスがより低い圧力の前記反応器へと移動することを可能にする請求項9に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 各前記反応器に未反応触媒が設けられる請求項10に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記反応器の前記直列配置が、前記触媒が第一の前記反応器から後続の前記反応器に流れることを可能にし、前記直列における各後続の前記反応器が、先行する前記反応器よりも高い圧力で動作して前記触媒がより高い圧力の前記反応器へと移動することを可能にする請求項9に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 未反応炭化水素ガスが、各前記反応器に供給される請求項12に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 前記反応器の前記直列配置が、前記炭化水素ガス及び前記触媒の両方が前記反応器間を対向方向に流れることを可能にする請求項9に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 未反応触媒が、圧力が最も低い前記反応器に設けられ、未反応炭化水素ガスが、圧力が最も高い前記反応器に設けられ、チャンバー間の前記ガスの流れとは対向流として、前記触媒を前記チャンバー間においてより高い圧力の方へと移動させる請求項14に記載の水素及び黒鉛状炭素を生成するプロセス。
- 鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法であって、
600℃と1,000℃との間の温度において前記鉱石を含有する触媒金属を炭化水素ガスに接触させて炭素被覆金属種を形成することを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記炭素被覆金属種が、黒鉛被覆金属種である請求項16に記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 前記鉱石を含有する触媒金属が、鉄鉱石である請求項16から17のいずれかに記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 圧力が、大気圧より高い請求項16から18のいずれかに記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 圧力が、0バールから100バールである請求項16から18のいずれかに記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 前記温度が、700℃と950℃との間である請求項16から19のいずれかに記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 700℃から900℃の温度において前記黒鉛被覆金属種を水素ガスに接触させることにより、前記黒鉛被覆金属種から前記黒鉛を除去する請求項16から21のいずれかに記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 前記黒鉛被覆金属種からの前記黒鉛の除去が、0バールから100バールの圧力にある加圧還元反応器内で行われる請求項16から22のいずれかに記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 700℃から900℃の温度において前記黒鉛被覆金属種を前記水素ガスに接触させる工程が、水素を生成するためにリサイクルされるメタンを生成する請求項16から23のいずれかに記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
- 前記メタンをリサイクルする工程で生成された前記水素が、700℃から900℃の温度において前記黒鉛被覆金属種を前記水素ガスに接触させて前記黒鉛被覆金属種から前記黒鉛を除去する工程で使用される請求項24に記載の鉱石を含有する触媒金属の選鉱方法。
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