JP2022006561A - 画像形成方法および画像形成物 - Google Patents
画像形成方法および画像形成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022006561A JP2022006561A JP2020108849A JP2020108849A JP2022006561A JP 2022006561 A JP2022006561 A JP 2022006561A JP 2020108849 A JP2020108849 A JP 2020108849A JP 2020108849 A JP2020108849 A JP 2020108849A JP 2022006561 A JP2022006561 A JP 2022006561A
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- protective layer
- image forming
- layer
- light
- image
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/60—Deposition of organic layers from vapour phase
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
- B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/10—Glass or silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
本発明の画像形成方法は、1)布帛の表面に、分散性色材と水とを含むインク(インクジェット捺染インク)を、インクジェット方式で付与して、色材層を形成する工程と、2)色材層の表面に保護層を形成する工程とを含む。
まず、布帛を準備する。
具体的には、色材層の厚みは測定場所ごとに異なるため、画像形成物の中から、主走査方向は、サンプルの両端部と中央部(例えば均一に3等した位置)、副走査方向は等間隔(例えば5cm間隔)で3点(計9点)、サンプリングする。
次いで、サンプリングした各サンプルについて、主走査方向と平行な方向に切断し、切断面における布帛に付着した色材層の厚みを、電子顕微鏡画像において、例えば10点ずつ測定し(計90点)、それらの平均値を「色材層の平均厚みt1」とする。なお、主走査方向は、通常、画像形成物(または布帛)の幅方向とする。また、断面方向に切断する際には、切断によって切断面が変形しないようにする観点から、液体窒素で冷却した状態で切断してもよい。それにより、より正確な測定が可能となる。
次いで、得られた色材層上に、保護層を形成する。
前処理は、布帛に前処理剤を付与して行うことができる。
インクは、分散性色材と、水とを含む。
分散性色材は、特に制限されず、分散染料などの固体の染料または顔料でありうる。中でも、耐候性に優れる画像を形成しやすい観点から、顔料が好ましい。
顔料は、特に限定されないが、例えばカラーインデックスに記載される下記番号の有機顔料または無機顔料でありうる。
顔料は、自己分散性顔料であってもよい。自己分散性顔料は、顔料粒子の表面を、親水性基を有する基で修飾したものであり、顔料粒子と、その表面に結合した親水性を有する基とを有する。
インクは、必要に応じて他の成分をさらに含みうる。他の成分の例には、水以外の溶媒や高分子分散剤、バインダ樹脂、防腐剤、pH調整剤などが含まれてもよい。
溶媒は、特に制限されないが、好ましくは水溶性有機溶剤である。水溶性有機溶剤は、水と相溶するものであれば特に制限されないが、インクを布帛の内部まで浸透させやすくする観点、インクジェット方式での射出安定性を損なわれにくくする観点では、インクが乾燥により増粘しにくいことが好ましい。したがって、インクは、沸点が200℃以上の高沸点溶媒を含むことが好ましい。
顔料が自己分散性顔料ではない場合、顔料を分散させやすくする観点から、インクは、高分子分散剤をさらに含むことが好ましい。
バインダ樹脂は、水溶性樹脂または樹脂粒子(水分散性樹脂)でありうる。
防腐剤、pH調整剤は、前処理剤に任意に含まれる防腐剤、pH調整剤の具体例として挙げたものと同様のものを使用できる。
インクの、25℃における粘度は、インクジェット方式による射出性が良好となる程度であればよく、特に制限されないが、3~20mPa・sであることが好ましく、4~12mPa・sであることがより好ましい。インクの粘度は、E型粘度計により、25℃で測定することができる。
インクは、任意の方法、例えば前述の分散性色材と、水と、任意の分散剤などを混合するステップを経て製造することができる。
本発明の画像形成方法で得られる画像形成物は、布帛と、色材層と、保護層とを有する。
(1)分散性色材(顔料)
Pigment Red122(波長589.3nmの光の屈折率:2.0)
スチレン・アクリル共重合体(アニオン性分散剤、重量平均分子量16000)
エチレングリコール(沸点197.6℃)
グリセリン(沸点290℃)
プロピレングリコール(沸点188.2℃)
<試験1~20、23~29>
(1)前処理
下記布帛1~3を準備した。
布帛1:ポリエステル100%の布
布帛2:綿100%の布
布帛3:綿50%とポリエステル50%との混紡布
次いで、画像形成装置として、インクジェット用ヘッド(コニカミノルタヘッド KM1024iMAE)を有するインクジェットプリンターを準備した。そして、表2または3に示されるインクを、上記インクジェット用ヘッドのノズルから吐出させて、前処理した布帛上に、得られる色材層の平均厚みが表2に示される値となるようにベタ画像を形成した。具体的には、主走査540dpi×副走査720dpiにて、ベタ画像(200mm×200mm)を形成した。dpiとは、2.54cm当たりのインク液滴(ドット)の数を表す。吐出周波数は、22.4kHzとした。
色材層を形成した布帛を、真空蒸着装置OTFC-1300(オプトラン社製)にセットし、表2または3に示される材料を、得られる保護層の平均厚みが表2または3に示される値となるように真空蒸着して、保護層を形成した。それにより、(前処理された)布帛/色材層/保護層を有する画像形成物を得た。
保護層の形成を、スパッタリング装置NSC-15(オプトラン社製)を用いて、スパッタ法で行った以外は試験1と同様にして画像形成物を得た。
保護層の形成を、プラズマCVD装置CME-200E(アルバック社製)を用いて、プラズマCVD法で行った以外は試験1と同様にして画像形成物を得た。
まず、下記成分を混合して、保護層用組成物を調製した。
(組成物)
ウレタン樹脂:5質量部
エチレングリコール:30質量部
イオン交換水:65質量部
次いで、得られた組成物を、表2に示される方法で色材層上に付与した後、150℃で乾燥させた以外は試験1と同様にして画像形成物を得た。
保護層を形成しなかった以外は試験1と同様にして画像形成物を得た。
試験1~32で得られた画像形成物の色材層の平均厚みt1を、それぞれ以下の方法で測定した。
具体的には、得られた画像形成物のうち、主走査方向は両端部と中央部(均一に3等した位置)、副走査方向は等間隔(5cm間隔)で3点(計9点)、サンプリングした。
そして、サンプリングした各サンプルについて、主走査方向と平行な方向に切断し、切断面における布帛に付着した色材層の厚みを、電子顕微鏡画像から10点ずつ測定し(計90点)、それらの平均値を「色材層の平均厚みt1」とした。なお、主走査方向は、画像形成物の幅方向とした。保護層の平均厚みt2も、同様の方法で測定した。
そして、試験1~32で得られた画像形成物について、画像の色濃度および風合いを、以下の方法で評価した。
画像形成物の色濃度は、保護層を設ける前後の濃度変化を官能的に評価した。そして、以下の評価基準に基づいて評価した。
◎:保護層を設ける前後で明らかな濃度向上が見込めた
○:濃度向上が確認できる
×:濃度向上が確認できないか、もしくは低下した
○以上であれば良好と判断した。
得られた画像形成物と生地の風合いを手指で触って、官能的に評価した。評価は、以下の基準に基づいて行った。
◎:生地本来の柔らかさを維持している
○:生地本来の柔らかさが失われ、少し硬くなっているが、生地の風合いは損なわれていない
×:生地本来よりも硬くなっており、生地の風合いが損なわれている
○以上であれば、許容範囲とした。
なお、各材料の屈折率は、JIS K0062:1992により測定した。なお、保護層の波長400~700nmでの光透過率を、分光光度計V-550(日本分光社製)により測定したところ、いずれも80%以上であった。
Claims (13)
- 布帛の表面に、水と、それに分散した分散性色材とを含むインクを、インクジェット方式で付与して、色材層を形成する工程と、
前記色材層の表面に、前記色材層よりも平均厚みが薄い保護層を形成する工程と
を含む、
画像形成方法。 - 前記保護層の波長400~700nmの光の透過率は、80%以上である、
請求項1に記載の画像形成方法。 - 前記色材層の平均厚みをt1、前記保護層の平均厚みをt2としたとき、
t2/t1は、0.5~0.95である、
請求項1または2に記載の画像形成方法。 - 前記保護層は、無機材料または樹脂材料を含み、
前記無機材料または樹脂材料の波長589.3nmの光の屈折率は、空気の波長589.3nmの光の屈折率よりも高く、かつ前記分散性色材の波長589.3nmの光の屈折率よりも低い、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の画像形成方法。 - 前記無機材料または前記樹脂材料の波長589.3nmの光の屈折率は、1.7以下である、
請求項4に記載の画像形成方法。 - 前記保護層は、薄膜形成プロセスにより形成される、
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の画像形成方法。 - 前記薄膜形成プロセスは、真空蒸着法である、
請求項6に記載の画像形成方法。 - 前記インクは、高分子分散剤とバインダ樹脂の少なくとも一方をさらに含み、
前記高分子分散剤および前記バインダ樹脂の合計含有量は、前記分散性色材の含有量に対して、質量比で1.5以下である、
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の画像形成方法。 - 布帛と、色材層と、保護層とをこの順に有する画像形成物であって、
前記色材層は、分散性色材を含み、
前記保護層の平均厚みは、前記色材層の平均厚みよりも薄い、
画像形成物。 - 前記保護層の波長400~700nmの光の透過率は、80%以上である、
請求項9に記載の画像形成物。 - 前記色材層の平均厚みをt1、前記保護層の平均厚みをt2としたとき、
t2/t1は、0.5~0.95である、
請求項9または10に記載の画像形成物。 - 前記保護層は、無機材料または樹脂材料を含み、
前記無機材料または樹脂材料の波長589.3nmの光の屈折率は、空気の波長589.3nmの光の屈折率よりも高く、かつ前記分散性色材の波長589.3nmの光の屈折率よりも低い、
請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の画像形成物。 - 前記色材層は、高分子分散剤とバインダ樹脂の少なくとも一方をさらに含み、
前記高分子分散剤および前記バインダ樹脂の合計含有量は、前記分散性色材の含有量に対して、質量比で1.5以下である、
請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の画像形成物。
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