JP2021532045A - グラフェン生成物及びそれを用いた治療法 - Google Patents
グラフェン生成物及びそれを用いた治療法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明において、「グラフェン」という用語は、互いに共有結合した複数の炭素原子を有する多環芳香族分子を形成する材料を指す。共有結合した炭素原子は、繰り返し単位として6員環を形成する。
上記の方法に従って合成されたグラフェンナノ材料は、本発明のグラフェンベースの医療グレードの材料を合成するための原料として使用される。グラフェンナノ原材料は、合成プロセス中にグラフェンナノ材料構造に導入された金属または不純物を除去するために、好ましくは強酸(H2SO4、HCl、HF、HNO3、HBr等)を使用して精製プロセスにかけられる。また、グラフェン材料の特性に影響を与えることなく不純物を除去できる任意のプロセスを使用できる。酸の中でも、塩酸またはフッ化水素酸が特に好ましいが、当業者は、存在する不純物の量および種類に応じて酸および条件を選択する。精製プロセスは、低温(20〜50℃)で数時間(12〜24時間)行うことが好ましい。溶液を精製プロセスに使用する場合、精製されたグラフェンナノ材料は、中性のpHになるまでミリポア水で洗浄され、その後、乾燥、たとえば真空乾燥される。
a)グラフェン原料に存在する金属または不純物を除去するために、好ましくは強酸を使用して、グラフェン原料を精製する工程と、
b)精製されたグラフェンナノ材料の粒子径を、好ましくは剥離プロセスによって、レーザ回折粒子分析器によって測定した場合に、dn(90)が0.60μm以下であり、かつ、dv(90)が80.00μm以下である粒子径分布を有するように縮減する工程と、
c)必要に応じて、得られた生成物を発熱物質除去プロセスにかける工程と、
を含む本発明のグラフェンナノ材料を製造する方法を提供することである。
本発明の生成物は、dn(90)が約0.60μm以下であり、かつ、dv(90)が80.00μm以下、好ましくは70.00μm以下である粒子径分布を有する精製グラフェンナノ材料である。
別の態様では、本発明は、本発明のグラフェン生成物および1つまたは複数の薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含む医薬組成物に関する。
以下の実施例によって証明されるように、本発明の生成物は、局所適用の場合にも毒性がなく、良好な生体適合性を有する。
本方法で使用される組成物は、好ましくは局所的に適用される。
本発明のグラフェンナノ材料を調製するために使用することができる原材料のテクスチャー特性、黒鉛化の程度、および材料の物理化学的および熱的特性は、以下の表1に示されている。
GMC−1と原材料の主な違いは、元素分析で確認できる(表2)。原料と比較すると、GMC−1は炭素と酸素のみで構成されている。毒物学実験で確認されたように、人の健康に害を及ぼす可能性のある不純物の痕跡はない。
GMC−1のラマンスペクトルは512nmレーザを使用して得、石炭材料の特徴的なピークを示した(図1)。すなわち、ピークD、1332cm−1、およびピークG、1580cm−1である。Gバンドは炭素原子のネットワーク、つまり理想的なグラファイト構造に対応し、Dバンドは基底面とエッジの両方に欠陥が存在するために出現する。グラフェンナノファイバーは、バンドGよりも大きな強度のバンドDを有する。これらのナノファイバーの場合のように、エッジが多数含まれている場合、グラファイト材料に大きなDピークが現れる可能性がある。ピークDとGの両方の帯域幅が高すぎないという事実も、ナノファイバーの結晶性を示している。
ガスの物理吸着によって固体の総表面積を測定するためには、固体の表面を覆うのに必要なガス分子数を検出することである。分子が占める面積がわかれば、固体の表面積は、吸収されたガスの分子の数から推定でき、体積または重量分析で測定できる(Brunauer, Emmett and Teller)。
BET表面積:300−350m2/g
細孔容積:0,35−0,4cm3/g
細孔径:5−6nm
GNFのサンプルに対するX線回折が実行された(図3A)。図3Aから分かるように、グラファイトの平面002間の距離、またはグラフェンのシート間の距離に対応する25.9o付近にピークを示す。結晶性の高いグラファイトの層間距離は0.334nmである。本例では、ナノファイバーの距離はわずかに長く、0.343nmである。これは、ナノファイバーが短距離では結晶化度を保つが、乱層構造であることを示している。平面002(Lc)に垂直な方向の結晶サイズは4.64nmであり、上記の事実を示している。
層間空間(d002)
結晶スタック高さ(Lc)
面内結晶子サイズ(La)
結晶中のグラフェン層の数(npg)
ここで、
λ、放射波長(λ=0.15404nm)
θ1、回折ピーク位置(o)
θ2、回折ピーク位置(o)
kl、形状因子(k=0,9)
k2、ウォーレンフォームファクタ定数(k=1,84)
FWHM、ピーク半値幅(rad)
原料GNFおよび本発明GMC−1による製品の粒子径分布は、Malvern PanalyticalのMastersizer 3000を用いて測定された。Mastersizer 3000は、レーザ回折の技術を使用して粒子のサイズを測定する。これは、レーザービームが分散した粒子状サンプルを通過するときに散乱する光の強度を測定することによって行われる。次に、このデータを分析して、散乱パターンに由来する粒子のサイズを計算する。
統計
示されているデータは、可変数の実験の平均値±標準誤差として表されている。スチューデントt検定は、2つのサンプルに使用され、一元配置または二元配置分散分析は、ペアまたは非ペアの設計に続いて多重比較検定を使用して、>2サンプル(ANOVA)に使用された。P<0.05の値は統計的に有意であると見なした。
薬理学的および毒物学的研究で使用される培養細胞(肝細胞株Hep−G2)に対してGMC−1を使用して試験を行った。
a)生細胞と死細胞を区別するトリパンブルー排除
b)MTT(3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−2,5−ジフェニルテトラゾリウムブロミド)による細胞染色による代謝活性
Claims (14)
- グラフェンナノファイバーから選択されたグラフェンナノ材料であって、
前記グラフェンナノ材料は、レーザ回折粒子分析器で測定した場合に、数基準の粒子径分布dn(90)が0.60μm以下であり、体積基準のdv(90)が80.00μm以下であることを特徴とする、グラフェンナノ材料。 - BET比表面積が100から500m2/gの範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- BET比表面積が300〜350m2/gの間であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- 細孔容積が0.35〜0.40cm3/gの範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- BET比表面積が300〜350m2/gの間であり、細孔容積が0.35〜0.40cm3/gの範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- 前記ナノ材料中の不純物が0.01重量%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- 医薬品として使用するための請求項1から6のいずれかに記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- 創傷、瘢痕、湿疹、皮膚の火傷、皮膚潰瘍または他の皮膚の病変の治療に使用するための、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- 乾癬、糖尿病、癌、感染症、にきび、または血液循環の低下によって生じる皮膚の損傷の治療に使用するための、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載のグラフェンナノ材料。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のグラフェンナノ材料製品と、薬学的に許容される賦形剤とを含む医薬品組成物。
- 局所使用に適した、請求項10に記載の医薬品組成物。
- クリーム、軟膏、マイクロエマルジョン、脂肪軟膏、ゲル、エマルジョンゲル、ペースト、フォーム、着色剤、パッチ、包帯、膜、マトリックスおよび経皮治療システムからなる群より選択される形態であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の医薬品組成物。
- ヒドロゲル、またはクリームから選択される形態であることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の医薬品組成物。
- グラフェンナノファイバー原料から、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の生成物を製造する方法であって、
a)グラフェン原料に存在する金属または不純物を除去するために、好ましくは強酸を使用して、グラフェン原料を精製する工程と、
b)精製されたグラフェンナノ材料の粒子径を、好ましくは剥離プロセスによって、レーザ回折粒子分析器によって測定した場合に、dn(90)が0.60μm以下であり、かつ、dv(90)が80.00μm以下である粒子径分布を有するように縮減する工程と、
c)必要に応じて、得られた生成物を発熱物質除去プロセスにかける工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする、グラフェンナノファイバーの製造方法。
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