JP2021521985A - 混合神経の神経刺激 - Google Patents
混合神経の神経刺激 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021521985A JP2021521985A JP2020560160A JP2020560160A JP2021521985A JP 2021521985 A JP2021521985 A JP 2021521985A JP 2020560160 A JP2020560160 A JP 2020560160A JP 2020560160 A JP2020560160 A JP 2020560160A JP 2021521985 A JP2021521985 A JP 2021521985A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2018年4月27日に出願されたオーストラリア仮特許出願第2018901410号の利益を主張する。
複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の近位に、複数の電極を含む埋め込み電極アレイを配置するステップ;
埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称刺激電極から電気刺激を送達するステップであって、電気刺激が刺激パラメーターのセットに従って送達される、ステップ;
埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称記録電極から、電気刺激によって誘発された電気生理学的反応の記録を得るステップ;
記録の1つ又は複数の選択された特性を評価することによって電気生理学的反応の記録を分析して、観察され選択された特性から、電気刺激によって動員された1つ又は複数の線維型の動員のレベルを特定するステップ;及び
混合神経の他の線維型に対して、1つ又は複数の線維型の選択的動員をもたらすように刺激パラメーターを改善するステップを含む。
複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の近位にある埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称刺激電極から電気刺激を送達する動作であって、埋め込み電極が複数の電極を含み、電気刺激が、刺激パラメーターのセットに従って送達される、動作;
埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称記録電極から、電気刺激によって誘発された電気生理学的反応の記録を得る動作;
記録の1つ又は複数の選択された特性を評価することによって電気生理学的反応の記録を分析して、観察され選択された特性から、電気刺激によって動員された少なくとも第1の線維型の動員のレベルを特定する動作;及び
混合神経の他の線維型に対して、1つ又は複数の線維型の選択的動員をもたらすように刺激パラメーターを改善する動作を実行させる命令を含む。
複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の近位に埋め込まれるように構成された、複数の電極を含む埋め込み電極アレイ;及び
埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称刺激電極から電気刺激を送達するように構成された制御ユニットを含み、この電気刺激は、刺激パラメーターのセットに従って送達され;制御ユニットは、埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称記録電極から、電気刺激によって誘発された電気生理学的反応の記録を得るようにさらに構成され;制御ユニットは、記録の1つ又は複数の選択された特性を評価することによって電気生理学的反応の記録を分析して、観察され選択された特性から、電気刺激によって動員された1つ又は複数の線維型の動員のレベルを特定するようにさらに構成され、且つ制御ユニットは、混合神経の他の線維型に対して、1つ又は複数の線維型の選択的動員をもたらすように刺激パラメーターを改善するようにさらに構成されている。
Claims (38)
- 複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の神経刺激の方法であって、
複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の近位に、複数の電極を含む埋め込み電極アレイを配置するステップ、
前記埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称刺激電極から電気刺激を送達するステップであって、前記電気刺激が刺激パラメーターのセットに従って送達される、ステップ、
前記埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称記録電極から、前記電気刺激によって誘発された電気生理学的反応の記録を得るステップ、
前記記録の1つ又は複数の選択された特性を評価することによって前記電気生理学的反応の記録を分析して、観察され選択された特性から、前記電気刺激によって動員された1つ又は複数の線維型の動員のレベルを特定するステップ、及び
前記混合神経の他の線維型に対して、1つ又は複数の線維型の選択的動員をもたらすように前記刺激パラメーターを改善するステップを含む方法。 - 前記刺激パラメーターが、少なくとも1つの所望の線維型の選択的動員をもたらす一方で、少なくとも1つの非選択線維型の選択的非動員又は動員の減少をさらにもたらすように改善されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 所望の線維型の選択的動員をもたらすように改善された前記刺激パラメーターが、術中の電極の配置;リード、パドル、又はカフアレイの選択を含む、術中の電極アレイ型の選択;刺激周波数;刺激振幅;刺激波形;刺激パルス幅;刺激電極の選択、刺激段階;刺激の極性、刺激電極のサイズ、及び刺激電極の形状のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ又は複数の線維型の電気刺激による動員のレベルが特定される記録の1つ又は複数の選択された特性が、1つ又は複数の電気生理学的反応の変曲点;1つ又は複数の電気生理学的反応のピーク位置;1つ又は複数の電気生理学的反応のピーク振幅;電気生理学的反応の伝播速度;前記電気生理学的反応の伝播又は非伝播;電気生理学的反応の持続時間;不応期;クロナキシー又は基電流を含む強度−持続時間曲線の特性;閾値と勾配を含む成長曲線の特性;刺激電流の増加に伴う電気生理学的反応ピークの数;遅発反応の存在、振幅、及び/又は待ち時間、様々な刺激周波数に対する電気生理学的反応の反応特性、電気生理学的反応のゼロ交差、電気生理学的反応のローブの幅のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が伝導速度であり、前記動員された線維型が、有髄線維の直径と前記伝導速度との間の関係から決定される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が伝導速度であり、前記伝導速度が、刺激部位から前記刺激部位からの既知の距離の単一の測定電極までの伝播時間を決定することによって測定される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が伝導速度であり、前記伝導速度が、第1の測定電極及び第2の測定電極で神経反応を観察し、前記第1の測定電極と前記第2の測定電極との間の伝播時間を決定することによって測定される、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が、単一の電気生理学的反応を観察する、2つ以上の離間した測定電極から得られた電気生理学的反応の記録の評価によって決定される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 筋肉の活性化に関係のない線維の動員に基づいて治療を提供することを含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が、遠隔の筋肉の活性化を引き起こす運動線維の活性化から生じる、前記記録の非伝播特性を含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が、Aα線維又はIa線維の活性化を示すために得られ、且つ刺激後1ミリ秒未満で生じる反応、及び80〜120m/sの範囲の伝導速度を有する反応のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が、B線維の活性化を示すために得られ、刺激後6ミリ秒未満で生じる反応、及び3〜15m/sの範囲の伝導速度を有する反応のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が、C線維の活性化を示すために得られ、刺激後6ミリ秒未満で生じる反応;0.5〜2m/sの範囲の伝導速度を有する反応;及び持続時間が10ミリ秒を超える反応のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択された特性が、Aβ線維の活性化を示すために得られ、刺激後3ミリ秒以内に生じる反応;及び30〜80m/sの範囲の伝導速度を有する反応のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電気刺激によって動員された2つ以上の線維型のそれぞれの動員のレベルを決定するために、前記電気生理学的反応の記録の2つ以上の選択された特性が評価される、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記2つ以上の線維型が、単一の状態を処置することを目的として標的化される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記2つ以上の線維型が、2つ以上の共存状態又は併発状態を処置することを目的として標的化される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 存在する線維型によって観察された神経反応を分類するために機械学習分類器が利用される、請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの公称記録電極、及び前記少なくとも1つの公称刺激電極が、前記混合神経の単一の枝に隣接して配置され、前記公称記録電極と前記公称刺激電極との間の神経上に神経分岐又は神経合流が存在しない前記混合神経の部分である、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記公称記録電極及び前記公称刺激電極が60mm未満離れて配置されている、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記公称記録電極及び前記公称刺激電極が30mm未満離れて配置されている、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記公称記録電極及び前記公称刺激電極が20mm未満離れて配置されている、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記混合神経が、Aα線維型、Aβ線維型、Aδ線維型、Aγ線維型、B線維型、及びC線維型の2つ以上、又は他の呼称法の線維型を含む少なくとも2つの線維型を含む、請求項1から22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合神経が迷走神経を含む、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ又は複数の線維型が、難治性てんかん若しくはうつ病などの脳に関連する状態の1つ若しくは複数の治療を提供するため、又は末梢若しくは内臓の治療効果を果たすために副交感神経線維を含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 心臓、喉頭、気管、気管支、食道、胃、肝臓、膵臓、小腸、脾臓、大腸、又は腎臓の治療を提供する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記混合神経が仙骨神経を含む、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 便失禁(FI)、尿閉(UR)、切迫性尿失禁(UUI)、難治性便秘、及び慢性骨盤痛のうちの1つ又は複数の治療を提供する、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記混合神経が脊髄神経根を含む、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 第1の線維型が、大腸、膀胱、及び生殖器のうちの任意の1つ又は複数の治療を提供するために副交感神経線維を含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 第1の線維型が、胸髄T1〜T4の前根の1つ又は複数における交感神経線維を刺激することによって心臓及び/又は喉頭の治療を提供するために前記交感神経線維を含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 第1の線維型が、胸髄T5〜T12の前根の1つ又は複数における交感神経線維を刺激することによって胃、肝臓、膵臓、副腎、脾臓、及び/又は小腸の治療を提供するために前記交感神経線維を含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 第1の線維型が、胸髄T12及び腰髄L1〜L3の前根の1つ又は複数における交感神経線維を刺激することによって腎臓、膀胱、生殖器、及び/又は下部腸の治療を提供するために前記交感神経線維を含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 第1の電極から最大上刺激を加えて神経のすべての線維を動員すること、選択された円周位置で選択された電極セグメントを記録のために使用することによって、前記選択された円周位置で動員された反応を観察すること、記録された反応を分析してその位置に隣接する1つ又は複数の線維型を決定すること、及びその後にそのように特定された1つ又は複数の線維型を動員することが望ましいときに前記選択された電極セグメントから刺激を加えることによって、前記選択された線維型を空間的に標的化することを含む、請求項1から33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 選択された円周位置で選択された電極セグメントを使用して、刺激閾値よりも僅かに高い刺激を加えてそのセグメントの近位の線維を動員すること、第2の電極で動員された反応を観察すること、及び記録を分析して、前記選択された電極セグメントからの刺激によって動員されている線維型を決定することによって、前記選択された線維型を空間的に標的化することを含む、請求項1から33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の神経刺激のための非一時的コンピュータ可読媒体であって、1つ又は複数のプロセッサによって実行されると、
複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の近位にある埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称刺激電極から電気刺激を送達する動作であって、前記埋め込み電極が複数の電極を含み、前記電気刺激が、刺激パラメーターのセットに従って送達される、動作、
前記埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称記録電極から、前記電気刺激によって誘発された電気生理学的反応の記録を得る動作、
前記記録の1つ又は複数の選択された特性を評価することによって前記電気生理学的反応の記録を分析して、観察され選択された特性から、前記電気刺激によって動員された線維型の動員のレベルを特定する動作、及び
前記混合神経の他の線維型に対して、1つ又は複数の線維型の選択的動員をもたらすように前記刺激パラメーターを改善する動作を実行させる命令を含む非一時的コンピュータ可読媒体。 - 複数の神経線維型を含む混合神経の近位に埋め込まれるように構成された、複数の電極を含む埋め込み電極アレイ、及び
前記埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称刺激電極から電気刺激を送達するように構成された制御ユニットを含み、
前記電気刺激が刺激パラメーターのセットに従って送達され、前記制御ユニットが、前記埋め込み電極アレイの少なくとも1つの公称記録電極から、前記電気刺激によって誘発された電気生理学的反応の記録を得るようにさらに構成され、前記制御ユニットが、前記記録の1つ又は複数の選択された特性を評価することによって前記記録を分析して、観察され選択された特性から、前記電気刺激によって動員された少なくとも第1の線維型の動員のレベルを特定するようにさらに構成され、且つ前記制御ユニットが、前記混合神経の他の線維型に対して、1つ又は複数の線維型の選択的動員をもたらすように前記刺激パラメーターを改善するようにさらに構成されている、神経刺激装置。 - 前記制御ユニットが、試験又は術中の使用のための埋め込まれない外部装置である、請求項37に記載の神経刺激装置。
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