JP2021521416A - 顆粒の被覆を有する粗い粒子の粉末の製造 - Google Patents
顆粒の被覆を有する粗い粒子の粉末の製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021521416A JP2021521416A JP2020555014A JP2020555014A JP2021521416A JP 2021521416 A JP2021521416 A JP 2021521416A JP 2020555014 A JP2020555014 A JP 2020555014A JP 2020555014 A JP2020555014 A JP 2020555014A JP 2021521416 A JP2021521416 A JP 2021521416A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- bulk material
- metal
- additive
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- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 UO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- MVXWAZXVYXTENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneuranium Chemical compound [U]#N MVXWAZXVYXTENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);uranium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[U+4] OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[U]=O FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001174990 Boros Species 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001224 Uranium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002123 erbium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002251 gadolinium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UTDLAEPMVCFGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Pu] UTDLAEPMVCFGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[Pu+4] FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G21C3/626—Coated fuel particles
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- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S376/00—Induced nuclear reactions: processes, systems, and elements
- Y10S376/90—Particular material or material shapes for fission reactors
- Y10S376/901—Fuel
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国特許法第119条(e)の下で、参照により本願に組み込まれる「MANUFACTURE OF LARGE GRAIN POWDERS WITH GRANULAR COATINGS」と題する2018年4月9日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/654,666号に基づく優先権を主張する。
政府支援
本発明は、エネルギー省により授与された契約第DE−NE0008222号および第DE−NE0008824号に基づく政府支援の下でなされたものである。米国政府は、本発明に対して一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、概して原子炉のウラン燃料に関し、具体的には、第1の成分の粗い粒子が第2の成分の細かい粒子で被覆されたウラン燃料ペレットに関する。粗い粒子のバルク粉体に対して細かい粒子の添加材を使用することにより、バルク粉体およびそれから得られる燃料ペレットの特性(例えば耐水性)を向上させることができる。
(i)二酸化ウランの粗い粒子にBeOの薄い被覆を施すことによる二酸化ウランの粗い粒子の熱伝導率の増加。
(ii)窒化ウランの粗い粒子に二酸化ウランの薄い被覆を施すことによる窒化ウランの粗い粒子の耐水性の改善。
(iii)ケイ化ウランの粗い粒子にBeO、Cr、Zr、UO2のうちの1つまたは複数の物質を含む薄い被覆を施すことによるケイ化ウランの粗い粒子の防水性の改善。
Claims (12)
- 粉末状の燃料バルク材と、
金属、金属合金、金属酸化物、半金属酸化物、金属炭化物、半金属炭化物、金属窒化物、半金属窒化物、金属ホウ化物、半金属ホウ化物、およびそれらの混合物または合金から成る群より選択される粉末状の燃料添加材とを含む原子燃料であって、
当該燃料バルク材の粒子サイズは当該燃料添加材の粒子サイズよりも大きいことを特徴とする原子燃料。 - 前記燃料バルク材に対する前記燃料添加材の所望の体積比をVrとし、前記燃料バルク材の粒子の半径をRlとした場合、前記燃料添加材の粒子サイズはVr×Rl/4を下回ることを特徴とする、請求項1の原子燃料。
- 前記燃料添加材の細かい粒子の半径をRsとし、前記燃料バルク材の粗い粒子の半径をRlとした場合、前記燃料バルク材の粗い粒子に対する前記燃料添加材の細かい粒子の体積比は4×Rs/Rlを上回ることを特徴とする、請求項1の原子燃料。
- 前記燃料添加材が、Cr、Zr、Al、AlCr合金、UO2、BeO、ZrO2、Cr2O3、TiO2、Y2O3、それらの混合物およびそれらを組み合わせたものから成る群より選択される、請求項1の原子燃料。
- 前記燃料添加材が、Al、B、Si、Na、Li、それらの化合物およびそれらを組み合わせたものから成る群より選択される配合物により構成されるガラスの形態である、請求項1の原子燃料。
- 前記燃料バルク材が、UN、U3Si2、UO2、それらの混合物およびそれらを組み合わせたものから成る群より選択される、請求項1の原子燃料。
- 燃料添加材を原子燃料に組み入れる方法であって、
粉末状の燃料バルク材を得るステップと、
粉末状の燃料添加材を、金属、金属合金、金属酸化物、半金属酸化物、金属炭化物、半金属炭化物、金属窒化物、半金属窒化物、金属ホウ化物、半金属ホウ化物、およびそれらの混合物または合金から成る群より選択するステップとを含み、
当該燃料バルク材の粒子サイズは当該燃料添加材の粒子サイズよりも大きく、さらに
当該燃料バルク材と当該燃料添加材とを組み合わせるステップを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記燃料バルク材に対する前記燃料添加材の所望の体積比をVrとし、前記燃料バルク材の粒子の半径をRlとした場合、前記燃料添加材の粒子サイズがVr×Rl/4を下回るように前記燃料添加材を選択する、請求項7の方法。
- 前記燃料添加材の細かい粒子の半径をRsとし、前記燃料バルク材の粗い粒子の半径をRlとした場合、前記燃料添加材と前記燃料バルク材とを、前記燃料バルク材に対する前記燃料添加材の体積比が4×Rs/Rlを上回るように選択した量で組み合わせる、請求項7の方法。
- 前記燃料添加材の細かい粒子が前記燃料バルク材の粗い粒子を被覆する、請求項7の方法。
- 前記燃料添加材と前記燃料バルク材とを組み合わせることにより、前記燃料添加材を含まない燃料組成物に比べて耐水性が向上した燃料組成物を得る、請求項7の方法。
- バルク材としてのウランより成る第1の材料と、
当該第1の材料の上に付着した、金属、金属合金、金属酸化物、半金属酸化物、金属炭化物、半金属炭化物、金属窒化物、半金属窒化物、金属ホウ化物、半金属ホウ化物、およびそれらの混合物または合金から成る群より選択される第2の材料から成る被覆とにより構成される原子燃料ペレットであって、
当該第1の材料の粒子サイズは当該第2の材料の粒子サイズよりも大きいことを特徴とする原子燃料ペレット。
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