JP2021520499A - 分析物の検出および分析のための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
分析物の検出および分析のための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書に記載されているように、流体溶液中の分析物の濃度を決定するためのナノポアに基づいた方法、組成物、およびシステムが提供される。流体溶液において分析物−リガンドの結合相互作用を評価するためのナノポアに基づいた方法、組成物、およびシステムもまた提供される。組成物は、例えば、ナノポアと会合して、ナノポアアセンブリを形成する分析物検出複合体を含み、前記分析物検出複合体が分析物リガンドを含む。第1の電圧が、ナノポアアセンブリを含む膜に渡って印加された時、分析物リガンドは、ナノポアのシス側に提示され、それは、流体溶液中の分析物を結合することができる。最初の電圧と極性が反対である第2の電圧が膜に渡って印加された時、分析物と分析物リガンドとの間の結合を示すシグナルが決定され得る。複数のナノポアアセンブリに渡る分析物−リガンド結合ペアの総数を決定し、かつその値を既知の参照値と比較することにより、その溶液中の分析物の濃度が決定され得る。他の例において、第2の電圧をさらに増加させることが、結果として、分析物−リガンドペアの解離を生じ得、そのことから解離電圧、および、したがって、解離定数が決定され得る。
本発明は、今、以下の定義および例を用いて、参照としてのみ、詳細に記載される。本明細書で他に規定がない限り、本明細書で用いられる全ての技術的および科学的用語は、この発明が属する当業者により一般的に理解されているのと同じ意味をもつ。本明細書に記載されたものと類似したまたは等価の任意の方法および材料が、本発明の実施または試験において用いることができるが、好ましい方法および材料が記載されている。この発明が、記載された特定の方法論、プロトコール、および試薬に限定されないことは理解されるべきであり、これらは変わり得るからである。
本明細書で用いられる場合、用語「試料」または「試験試料」は、それの最も広い意味で用いられる。本明細書で用いられる場合、「生物学的試料」には、対象由来など、生きているものまたは以前は生きていたもの由来の任意の量の物質が挙げられるが、それに限定されない。生物学的試料は、インビボまたはインビトロで得られた生物学的組織または流体を源とする試料を含み得る。そのような試料は、非限定的に、生物学的対象から単離された、体液、器官、組織、画分、および細胞に由来し得る。生物学的試料にはまた、例えば、生物学的流体(例えば、血液または尿)からの抽出物など、生物学的試料からの抽出物も挙げることができる。
以下の実施例および図は、本発明の理解を助けるために提供され、本発明の真の範囲は、添付された特許請求の範囲に示されている。本発明の精神から逸脱することなく、示された手順に改変がなされ得ることは理解されている。
実施形態例は、今、部分的に添付の図を参照して、詳細に記載される。図が参照される場合、同様の数字は、図の中の同様の(しかし、必ずしも同一とは限らない)要素を示す。
図1は、ある特定の実施形態例により、分析物検出複合体1のイラストである。図1に関して、分析物検出複合体1は、例えば、分析物リガンド2、貫通要素3、ならびに貫通要素3の内にまたはそれと会合して配置されている1つまたは複数のシグナル要素4aおよび4bを含む。ある特定の実施形態例において、分析物検出複合体1はまた、分析物検出複合体の遠位端に位置するアンカリングタグ5を含む。
ある特定の実施形態例において、本明細書に記載された分析物検出複合体1は、ナノポアと会合して、ナノポアアセンブリを形成し、かつ分析物と相互作用するようにナノポアと共に用いられる。分析物検出複合体1の分析物との相互作用を検出するために、分析物検出複合体1を含むナノポアアセンブリは膜内に埋め込まれ、検知電極が、その膜に隣接して、またはその近くに位置づけられる。例えば、分析物検出複合体1を含むナノポアアセンブリは、集積回路などの検知回路の検知電極に隣接して配置された膜中に形成され、または別なふうに埋め込まれ得る。集積回路は、特定用途向け集積回路(ASIC)であり得る。ある特定の実施形態例において、集積回路は、電界効果トランジスタまたは相補型金属酸化膜半導体(CMOS)である。検知回路は、ナノポアを含むチップもしくは他のデバイスに、またはオフチップ構成としてなどチップもしくはデバイスから離れて、置かれ得る。半導体は、任意の半導体であり得、それには、非限定的に、IV族(例えば、シリコン)およびIII−V族半導体(例えば、ガリウムヒ素)が挙げられる。本明細書に記載された組成物および方法に従って用いることができる装置およびデバイス設定について、例えば、WO2013/123450(その全内容は参照により本明細書に明確に組み入れられている)を参照されたい。
ある特定の実施形態例において、分析物リガンドと分析物の間の結合強度を評価することを含む、リガンドとそのリガンドの分析物の間の結合相互作用を評価するための方法およびシステムが提供される。例えば、本明細書に記載されているような分析物検出複合体1を含むナノポアアセンブリは、バイオチップへ組み入れることができる。その後、バイオチップを、分析されることになっている流体試料と接触させることができる。分析物が流体溶液中に存在する場合には、分析物検出複合体1の分析物リガンド2は、分析物を結合することができ、それにより、ナノポアアセンブリと関連づけられた識別可能な電気シグナルを生じる(すなわち、結合シグナル)。さらに、分析物リガンド2と分析物の間の結合強度は、ポアと関連づけられた電気シグナルに基づいて決定することができる。分析物が流体試料中に存在しない場合には、分析物リガンド2は、分析物を結合せず、その場合、結合事象の欠如は、ナノポアアセンブリと関連づけられた電気シグナルから決定することができる。いかなる特定の理論によっても縛られるつもりはないが、そのような方法およびシステムは図3〜8に図解されている。
Claims (25)
- 分析物リガンド、貫通要素、シグナル要素、およびアンカリングタグを含む、分析物検出複合体。
- 分析物リガンドが分析物検出複合体の近位端に位置し、シグナル要素が貫通要素に会合している、請求項1に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- 分析物リガンドが抗体またはその機能性断片である、請求項1または2に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- 貫通要素の遠位端にアンカリングタグをさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- アンカリングタグがビオチンタグを含む、請求項4に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- シグナル要素が、オリゴヌクレオチド配列、ペプチド配列、またはポリマーを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- シグナル要素が約40個のヌクレオチド対のオリゴヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項6に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- オリゴヌクレオチド配列が、一続きのT残基または一続きのN3−シアノエチル−T残基を含む、請求項7に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- 第2のシグナル要素をさらに含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- 第2のシグナル要素が、オリゴヌクレオチド配列、ペプチド配列、またはポリマーを含む、請求項9に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- シグナル要素が約40個のヌクレオチド対のオリゴヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項10に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- オリゴヌクレオチド配列が、一続きのT残基または一続きのN3−シアノエチル−T残基を含む、請求項11に記載の分析物検出複合体。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の分析物検出複合体を含む、ナノポアアセンブリ。
- 七量体アルファ溶血素ナノポアアセンブリである、請求項13に記載のナノポアアセンブリ。
- 分析物と分析物リガンドの間の結合強度を評価するための方法であって、:
第1の電圧の存在下で、請求項13または14に記載のナノポアアセンブリを含むチップを供給するステップであって、前記ナノポアアセンブリが膜内に配置され、かつ検知電極が前記膜に隣接してまたはそれの近くに位置づけられる、ステップ;
分析物を含む流体溶液と前記チップを接触させるステップであって、前記分析物が、分析物検出複合体の分析物リガンドに対する結合親和性を含む、ステップ;
前記膜に渡って漸進的に増加した第2の電圧を印加するステップであって、前記第2の電圧が前記第1の電圧と極性が反対である、ステップ;
前記膜に渡って漸進的に増加した第2の電圧を印加することに応答して、検知電極を活用して、結合シグナルを決定するステップであって、前記結合シグナルが、前記分析物が前記分析物リガンドと結合しているという指示を提供する、ステップ;および
前記第2の電圧をさらに増加させながら、検知電極を活用して、解離シグナルを決定するステップであって、前記解離シグナルが、前記分析物と分析物リガンドの間の結合強度の指示を提供する、ステップ
を含む方法。 - 膜に渡っての第1の電圧が、分析物リガンドを膜のシス側に位置づける、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 検知電極を活用して、貫通シグナルを決定するステップであって、前記貫通シグナルが、貫通要素がナノポアアセンブリのポア内に位置しているという指示を提供する、ステップをさらに含む、請求項15または16に記載の方法。
- 貫通シグナルを結合シグナルと比較するステップであって、前記比較が、分析物が分析物リガンドと結合しているという指示を提供する、ステップをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 解離シグナルから、分析物の分析物リガンドからの解離と関連づけられる解離電圧を決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項15〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 決定された解離電圧を参照解離電圧と比較するステップをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 決定された解離電圧の参照解離電圧との比較から、分析物と分析物リガンドの結合ペアについての解離定数を決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 流体溶液中の分析物の濃度を決定する方法であって、
第1の電圧の存在下で、請求項13または14に記載の複数のナノポアアセンブリを含むチップを供給するステップであって、前記ナノポアアセンブリが膜内に配置され、かつ前記ナノポアアセンブリの少なくとも第1のサブセットが第1の分析物リガンドを含む、ステップ;
複数の検知電極を前記膜に隣接してまたはそれの近くに位置づけるステップ;
第1の分析物を含む流体溶液と前記チップを接触させるステップであって、前記第1の分析物が前記第1の分析物リガンドに対する結合親和性を含む、ステップ;
前記複数の検知電極およびコンピュータプロセッサを活用して、結合カウント数を決定するステップであって、前記結合カウント数が、前記第1の分析物リガンドと前記第1の分析物の間の結合相互作用の数の指示を提供する、ステップ;
前記決定された結合カウント数を参照カウント数と比較するステップ;
結合カウント数の参照カウント数との比較に基づいて、流体溶液中の前記分析物の濃度を決定するステップ
を含む方法。 - 結合カウント数を決定するステップが、
複数の検知電極を活用して、かつナノポアアセンブリの第1のサブセットのナノポアアセンブリごとに、貫通シグナルを決定するステップであって、前記貫通シグナルが、貫通要素がナノポアアセンブリのナノポア内に位置しているという指示を提供する、ステップ;
膜に渡って漸進的に増加した第2の電圧を印加するステップであって、前記第2の電圧が第1の電圧と極性が反対である、ステップ;
膜に渡って漸進的に増加した第2の電圧を印加することに応答して、複数の検知電極を活用して、かつナノポアアセンブリの第1のサブセットのナノポアアセンブリごとに、結合シグナルを決定するステップ;
ナノポアアセンブリの第1のサブセットのナノポアアセンブリごとに、決定された貫通シグナルを決定された結合シグナルと比較するステップであって、前記比較が、第1の分析物が第1の分析物リガンドと結合しているという指示を提供する、ステップ;および
各決定された貫通シグナルの決定された結合シグナルとの比較から、第1の分析物が第1の分析物リガンドと結合しているという指示の総数を決定するステップであって、前記指示の総数が結合カウント数に対応する、ステップ
を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。 - 複数のナノポアアセンブリが、ナノポアアセンブリの第2のサブセットをさらに含み、前記第2のサブセットのナノポアアセンブリのそれぞれが第2の分析物リガンドを含み、前記第2の分析物リガンドが対照分析物に対する結合親和性を含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 参照カウント数を決定するステップであって、前記参照カウント数を決定するステップが、流体溶液をあらかじめ決められた量の対照分析物と接触させるステップを含み、それにより、流体溶液中の対照分析物のあらかじめ決められた濃度を提供する、ステップをさらに含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
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