JP2021506586A - 支持パラジウム膜を構成する材料の回収および再利用のためのプロセス - Google Patents
支持パラジウム膜を構成する材料の回収および再利用のためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 130
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical group O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 chloride anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002696 Ag-Au Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021124 PdAg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002303 thermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O1C(COC(=O)C)COCC1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003508 chemical denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical group [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/048—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
- B01D71/0223—Group 8, 9 or 10 metals
- B01D71/02231—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/022—Metals
- B01D71/0223—Group 8, 9 or 10 metals
- B01D71/02232—Nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/025—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper, or baths
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/026—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/046—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper or baths
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- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
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- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ii)支持Pd膜を水素以外のガスと接触させることにより反応器から水素を除去する段階。
実施例
実施例1:金属支持体上のPdAg膜の再利用。
Claims (28)
- 支持Pd膜を再利用するためのプロセスであって、
i)容器内の支持Pd膜を、1kPaと等しいまたはそれより大きい水素分圧および150℃と等しいまたはそれより低い温度で水素を含むガスと接触させる段階と、
ii)前記支持Pd膜を水素以外のガスと接触させることにより反応器から前記水素を除去する段階と
を備える、プロセス。 - 再利用される前記支持Pd膜が、金属、ガラス、セラミック、ゼオライト、有機ポリマー、およびこれらの混合物から選択される材料の支持体を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記支持Pd膜が、前記支持体とPd層との間に中間層を含み、前記中間層が、セラミック、酸化バナジウム、ニッケル、または窒化物の層である、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記支持Pd膜が、Pdの層またはPd合金の層を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記層が、Pd−Ag、Pd−Au、またはPd−Ag−Auである、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 段階i)の前記温度が、100℃と等しいまたはそれより低い、好ましくは70℃と等しいまたはそれより低い、より好ましくは30℃と等しいまたはそれより低い、さらにより好ましくは25℃と等しいまたはそれより低い、さらにより好ましくは20℃と等しいまたはそれより低い、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素分圧が、5kPaと等しいまたはそれより大きい、好ましくは25kPaと等しいまたはそれより大きい、より好ましくは50kPaと等しいまたはそれより大きい、さらにより好ましくは80kPaと等しいまたはそれより大きい、さらにより好ましくは100kPaと等しいまたはそれより大きい、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素分圧が101kPa(1atm)であり、前記温度が0℃から100℃、または20℃から80℃、または25℃から70℃、または30℃から50℃である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素分圧が150から200kPaであり、前記温度が0℃から100℃、または20℃から80℃、または25℃から70℃、または30℃から50℃である、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- a)前記支持Pd膜が、Pd−Ag1%の層を含み、前記水素分圧が200kPaであり、プロセス温度が200℃以下であり、b)前記支持Pd膜が、Pd−Ag5%の層を含み、前記水素分圧が200kPaであり、前記プロセス温度が170℃以下であり、またはc)前記支持Pd膜がPd−Ag10%の層を含み、前記水素分圧が200kPaであり、前記プロセス温度が150℃以下である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 段階i)で使用される水素を含む前記ガスが、純H2である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 段階i)で使用される水素を含む前記ガスが、1%から99.90%、または例えば20%から90%、または例えば25%から85%、または例えば30%から80%のH2の量を含む、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記容器が石英管であり、前記支持Pd膜が内部に配置され、純水素ガスが1L/分の流量で前記石英管の中に導入されて、101kPa(1atm)の圧力を達成する、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記支持Pd膜が、容器内で、約101kPa (1atm)の分圧、かつ150℃以下の温度で水素と接触し、その後、そのように加圧した前記容器が減圧される、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 段階i)が、少なくとも、水素での前記容器の1回の加圧と、それに続く前記容器の減圧を実行することを含む、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 2回以上の加圧および減圧サイクルが実行される、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 段階i)の前記水素が前記容器から除去され、前記支持Pd膜が、前記容器内で水素以外のガスと接触させられる、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水素以外のガスが、不活性ガス、または不活性ガスの混合物、または空気である、請求項17に記載のプロセス。
- 前記容器が石英管であり、前記水素がパージによって除去されて、前記容器への前記ガスの流れにより導入される水素以外のガスにより置き換えられる、請求項17または18に記載のプロセス。
- 前記容器が反応器であり、段階ii)が、前記反応器を開くことにより実行される、請求項17または18に記載のプロセス。
- 前記容器を開く段階と、支持体のPd層が剥がれるように、前記支持Pd膜を空気と接触させて前記容器の内部に段階、または前記支持Pd膜を前記容器から取り出して空気と接触させたままにする段階とを含む、請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 以前に支持体から分離されたPd層を、Pdの、および該当する場合、Pd合金の金属の少なくとも1種の酸化剤と、少なくとも1種の可溶化剤とを含む反応媒体と接触させて、前記Pd、および該当する場合、前記Pd合金の他の金属成分を前記支持体から分離された前記Pd層から得る段階を含む、請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化剤が、前記Pd層の前記金属を酸化させることができる化学化合物である、請求項22に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化剤が、硝酸、H2O2、過塩素酸、次亜塩素酸塩、塩素酸塩、およびこれらの混合物、好ましくは硝酸から選択される、請求項23に記載のプロセス。
- 前記可溶化剤が、無機酸、有機酸、または前記金属と錯体を形成することができる化合物である、請求項22から24のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記可溶化剤が、H2SO4、HCl、酢酸、およびこれらの混合物から選択される酸、または塩化物アニオン(Cl−)、NH3、酢酸塩、クエン酸塩、およびイオン性液体のアルカリおよびアルカリ土類塩から選択される錯化化合物である、請求項25に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Pd層が、硝酸および塩酸の水溶液と接触させられる、請求項22から26のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Pd層がPd−Agであり、硝酸が酸化剤として使用され、塩化物アニオンが可溶化剤として使用される、請求項22から26のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
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