JP2021501684A - 液体乾燥剤空調システムにおける膜モジュール内での液体乾燥剤の均一分散のための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
液体乾燥剤空調システムにおける膜モジュール内での液体乾燥剤の均一分散のための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
- F24F3/1417—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with liquid hygroscopic desiccants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0015—Heat and mass exchangers, e.g. with permeable walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
- F28D3/04—Distributing arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0038—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for drying or dehumidifying gases or vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
- F28F2245/02—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophilic
Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照によって以下に組み込まれる、2017年11月1日に出願された、「METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID DESICCANT IN MEMBRANE MODULES IN LIQUID DESICCANT AIR−CONDITIONING SYSTEMS」と題する米国仮特許出願第62/580,222号からの優先権を主張する。
1.10〜20立方フィート/分の設計気流により20〜50センチメートル及び50センチメートル幅のパネルに対してパネルごとの0.01〜0.1リットル/分における乾燥剤の流量
2.流量は、全気流及び全作用により増大する
3.全気流は、パネル高に比例する
4.それらの流量において、1のチャネルの高さは、接続点の高さ、膜の係数、及び膜の接続点の間の距離によって決定される
5.裏材がない20ミクロンの膜について、機構の間の距離は、平坦パネルに対して2〜5センチメートルであり、0.1〜0.15ミリメートルの接続点に対して0.5〜1センチメートルである。接続点の間の関連する距離(最大距離)は、接続点の高さが低くなるにつれて増大する。
6.接続点の全表面領域は、パネルの15%を上回らない。
7.接続機構の高さは、突起したシートを熱成型もしくはエンボス加工することによって、または射出成形によって生成される
8.機構は、ドットまたはラインであってもよい。
9.乾燥剤の冷却は、熱伝達流体または冷却剤であってもよい。
10.冷却が、高圧力に耐えることができる、通常は銅製の溶接金属構造を通じた冷却剤によるものであるとき、膜に接続された耐腐食性シートへの/からの熱を伝達する。接続点の高さ及び接続点の間の距離は、膜が接着される耐腐食性シートによる被膜の前の金属構造、例えば、薄いPE層によって設定されてもよい。
11.平坦被覆金属シートは、接続点の間で2〜5センチメートルの距離を有する。
12.接続点は、ドットまたはラインであってもよい。
13.チャネルの高さは、乾燥剤の流れにわたってより大きな制御によるより高いコストのパネルに対して親水性材料、シート上またはチャネル内のウィッキング層または被膜を使用して増大することができる
14.パネルの上下の空気基準は、最高基準点と最低基準点との間の距離に等しい、パネルに侵入及び退出する乾燥剤に対して圧力を設定するために使用されてもよい。パネルにおける圧力勾配は、陽圧、すなわち、パネルにおいてより高い圧力であるはずである。
15.平坦パネルにおけるチャネルの高さは、垂直パネルにおける高さよりも高い、最大で100%である。
16.パネルにおける流れは、流量が温度及び濃度と共に変化することを可能にする駆動された圧力である。固定された流量は、高濃度及び低温度において接続点上の過度な圧力につながり、低濃度及び高温度において低被覆による重力駆動流につながる。
17.再生器パネルの側面にわたる圧力は、冷却モードにある調整器よりも2〜4倍の圧力であり、加熱モードでは逆である。
18.圧力基準点の高さは、システムが冷却モードから加熱モードに切り替わるにつれて変化する。
Claims (21)
- 乾燥剤空調システムにおける使用のための熱交換器であって、
全体的に並列に配列され、前記乾燥剤空調システムによって扱われることになる空気の流れがそれを通じて流れることができる、その間で空気チャネルを画定するように間隔が空けられた、相互に対向した複数の膜被覆構造であって、前記膜被覆構造の各々は、
熱伝達流体がそれを通じて流れることができる熱伝達流体チャネルを画定する窪み内部部分を有する構造であって、前記構造はまた、1つ以上の外部疎水性ポリマ表面を有する、前記構造と、
液体乾燥剤がそれを通じて流れることができる、その間で液体乾燥剤の隙間を画定するよう前記構造の前記1つ以上の外部表面を被覆する1つ以上の疎水性ポリマ膜であって、各膜は、液体乾燥剤流量チャネルを画定するよう前記外部表面上で50ミリメートルよりも少なく間隔が空けられた別個の位置において前記構造の前記外部表面に熱封止され、前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルは、0.5ミリメートルを上回らない、前記外部表面から前記膜まで測定されたチャネルの高さを有する、前記1つ以上の疎水性ポリマ膜と、を含む、前記複数の膜被覆構造と、
前記熱交換器の液体乾燥剤入口に接続された液体乾燥剤圧力調節器であって、前記圧力調節器は、液体乾燥剤温度及び濃度状態の所与の範囲にわたって前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルの各々を充填するのに十分な流量において所与の事前設定された値を上回らない前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルにおいて陽圧を維持するように構成され、前記液体乾燥剤圧力調節器は、前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルにおいて一定の液体乾燥剤圧力を維持するために、前記熱交換器に流れる前記液体乾燥剤の一部を液体乾燥剤タンクに転換するように構成される、前記液体乾燥剤圧力調節器と、
を備える、前記熱交換器。 - 各膜は、液体乾燥剤流量チャネルを画定するよう前記外部表面上で30ミリメートルよりも少なく間隔が空けられた別個の位置において前記構造の前記外部表面に熱封止される、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルは、0.3ミリメートルを上回らない、前記外部表面から前記膜まで測定されたチャネルの高さを有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルにおける流量は、ポンプと前記液体乾燥剤圧力調節器との間の一定流量デバイスによって更に維持されることができる、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記圧力調節器は、オーバフロー管またはバネ活性化背圧調節器を含む、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記圧力調節器は、前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルに流れる前記液体乾燥剤の流量を2〜10ミリメートル/秒に制限し、前記膜の浸潤性の均一性及び前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルを通じて流れる前記液体乾燥剤の均一性及を向上させるよう、温度及び液体乾燥剤濃度レベルの範囲にわたって各液体乾燥剤流量チャネルの前記入口において陽圧を維持するように構成される、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記圧力調節器は、前記液体乾燥剤がLiClを含むとき、約15〜40%にわたる乾燥剤濃度に対して、冷却動作の間に華氏50〜140度及び加熱動作の間に華氏0〜100の温度範囲にわたってポンド/分の空気の流量の5分の1/20分の1に前記液体乾燥剤の流量を維持するように構成される、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記圧力調節器は、加湿、除湿、冷却、または加熱によって空気を調整するために必要な液体乾燥剤温度及び濃度レベルの範囲にわたってポンド/分の気流の流量の5分の1よりも少なく前記液体乾燥剤の流量を維持するように構成される、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記膜が各構造の前記外部表面に熱封止される前記別個の位置は、ラインまたはドットのパターンを含む、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造の前記外部表面は、前記膜が熱封止される前記別個の位置において複数の膨隆機構を含む、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記膨隆機構は、各構造の前記外部表面の表面領域の15%未満を含む、請求項10に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造における前記熱伝達流体の隙間は、0.5ミリメートル〜2ミリメートルの厚みを有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造は、パネルを含み、前記パネルは、垂直方位を有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造は、パネルを含み、前記パネルは、水平方位を有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造の前記窪み内部部分は、金属層によって画定され、前記熱伝達流体は、冷却剤を含む、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造は、管状形状を有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造は、平面構造を有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造は、それらの周囲の周りで共に封止された2つのポリマプレートを含む、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造は、湾曲プレート形状を有する、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 各構造は、前記熱伝達流体の隙間を形成するように形成された真空である、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記圧力調節器は、前記液体乾燥剤流量チャネルに流れる前記液体乾燥剤の流量を5〜10ミリメートル/秒に制限するように構成される、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
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US201762580222P | 2017-11-01 | 2017-11-01 | |
US62/580,222 | 2017-11-01 | ||
PCT/US2018/058750 WO2019089957A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2018-11-01 | Methods and apparatus for uniform distribution of liquid desiccant in membrane modules in liquid desiccant air-conditioning systems |
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